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Topic: Our short exposure to epistemology has been limited to the category of individual knowledge. Other categories of knowledge are group knowledge and non-human knowledge. Choose one of these types of knowledge and conduct research to learn more about it. Your paper will summarize in your own words how epistemologists define this type of knowledge, explain how it is different from individual knowledge, identify the challenges and problems debated in this subfield, and describe at least two influential theories of this type of knowledge.

Goals:

- define and describe non-human knowledge in terms of animal knowledge

- analyze how it’s different from individual knowledge

- identify challenges and problems about animal knowledge

- describe 2 theories of this type of knowledge

Essay outline:

Intro:

- Introduce topic of non-human knowledge, background information

- Describe in general paper goals/thesis

1st Body:

-  define animal knowledge

- describe animal knowledge

2nd Body:

- Define individual knowledge

- Describe individual knowledge

3rd Body:

- Compare and analyze how the two types of knowledge are different

4th Body:

- Identify challenges and problems about animal knowledge

5th Body:

-Describe 2 theories about animal knowledge

Conclusion:

- Recap paper goals

(Extra credit points to essays)

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Topic: Conduct further research on one theory (of either ritual or knowledge) discussed in either textbook that interests you. Your paper aims to provide a more detailed and nuanced representation of the theory, highlighting its historical development, significant contributors/commentators, critical shortcomings, etc.

Paper Goals :

Go in depth on the stoic theory

Analyze the background and forming of the stoic theory

Identify why the stoic theory came to be

analyze the rights and wrongs of this theory

Apply this theory to everyday life

Essay outline

Introduction:

Introduce the basic information of the theory

Introduce background information

Describe the purpose of the paper

1st BP

Identify and describe the theories background and origin

2nd BP

Apply research to the stoic theory for the original usage of the theory

3rd BP

Talk about the negative impact of this theory

4th BP

Talk about the positive impact of this theory

5th BP

Analyze how it is used in modern times

Conclusion:

Recap all points and talk about the impact of the theory

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Topic “Jennifer Nagel Academic Background Research”

Paper goals

- Analyze Nagels contributions to her academic field(Philosophy)

- Where is she teaching if she is still teaching

- What theories she has pushed in her field and their criticism from other scholars

- summarizing their some of their publications

Intro

- Introduce Nagel and her professional background

- Establish credibility for the author

- Theis statement

Bp 1.

- Summarize one of Nagel’s works and her place in her field

- Describe how she got to her conclusions

- Identify any new theory she has pushed

- Has her theory been accepted?

Bp 2.

- Analyze content directly critiquing Nagel’s new ideas

- Compare contrasting ideas and their validity

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Bp 3.

- Analyze one of Nagel’s peer reviewed articles

- Summarize and make connections back to the textbook

Conclusion

- Summarize essay

- Has she successfully contributed to her field

Points to missing quiz grade

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Topic: Conduct research on Jennifer Nagel to learn more about her scholarship in her respective field

Paper goals:

Identify her research interest and specialization

Identify which institution she has taught at or is currently teaching at

Identify other publications in her field, and analyze some contributions she's made to her field

Describe an original theory on knowledge that she has advanced

Identify and analyze some criticism that she has received from others in her field.

Identify and review one peer reviewed article or other publication from Nagel.

Summarize said publication and compare, make connections to her textbook, Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction.

Essay Outline

Introduction:

Briefly introduce topics

Briefly answer and complete each of the paper goals

Apply some background information on Nagel

BP #1:

Identify and describe background information on Nagel from her CV

Identify Nagel's institution

Describe her academic field

Analyze the field itself

BP #2:

Identify Nagel's other publications in her field

Analyze her publications and compare them to her field

Compare these publications to her textbook on knowledge

BP #3:

Identify Nagel's original theory relating to her field

Describe the criticism that this theory has received

Identify theories from others in her field relating to a topic similar to Nagel's

Compare Nagel's theory to others' in her field

Conclusion:

Recap all paper goals

Briefly describe the responses to each of the goals

Provide little review on Jennifer Nagel

Extra Credit: Knowledge essay

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Research Paper Outline

My Topic Question: “Conduct further research on one theory (of either ritual or knowledge) discussed in either textbook that interests you. The aim of your paper is to provide a more detailed and nuanced representation of the theory, highlighting its historical development, significant contributors/commentators, critical shortcomings, etc.”

My Topic: “Externalism, Alvin Goldman, and the Fake Barns.”

Paper Goals:

Summarize and emphasize historical developments that contributed to the theory.

Explaining the significance of preceding theories that led up to Alvin Goldman’s theory

Defining the Gettier Problem

Summarize Alvin Goldman’s biography and his contributions.

Describe and Analyze The Fake Barn scenario

Interpret The Fake Barn scenario

Explaining Alvin Goldman’s causal theory of knowledge and using it to critique the Gettier Problems

Describing and Explaining what Reliabilism is and using it to critique the Gettier Problems

Essay Outline

Introduction

Introduce topics, context and background information.

Describe the paper goals briefly

1st BP

Summarize and emphasize historical developments especially theories involving externalist epistemological viewpoints.

Explaining the significance of preceding theories

2nd BP

Defining the Gettier Problem

Summarize Alvin Goldman’s biography and his contributions.

Describe and Analyze The Fake Barn scenario

3rd BP

Interpreting the Fake Barn scenario

Explaining Alvin Goldman’s causal theory of knowledge and using it to critique the Gettier Problems

4th BP

Describing and Explaining what Reliabilism is and using it to critique the Gettier Problems

Conclusion

Restate the thesis and close up the essay with some insight.

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Topic:

3. Consult the references of either textbook, select two reference sources from the list and track them down, read them, and report on the sources. Provide a summary of each source. Critique how these sources are represented in the textbook in terms of what is included, what is omitted, and why.

Goals:

1: Go into more detail for Emile Durkheim and Arnold Van Gennep.

2: Compare their previous research to what has been mentioned in the Ritual book.

3: Critique how they are portrayed in the Ritual book compared to their writings.

4: Explain their beliefs in more detail.

5: Look into their personal experiences and what lead them to their beliefs.

Outline:

1.     Introduction

The Purpose of this introduction is to introduce the ideas of Emile Durkheim and Arnold Van Gennep.

Content: I will begin comparing ideas from the ritual book and earlier writing’s done by Emile Durkheim and Arnold Gennep.

2. Body Paragraph

Show the difference or similarities in beliefs from earlier to later years. The main idea will be around Emile Durkheim.

Content will consist of our book we read in class on ritual and how it can differ from personal writings of Durkheim.

3. Body Paragraph

Look into his studies in different countries such as China. How could his time in foreign countries change the way he thinks?

There are many autobiographies of Emile Durkheim so I will be using these to see how he lived and what he went through.

4. Body Paragraph

The purpose of this paragraph is to look more closely into Arnold Van Gennep. I’ll be comparing his personal and individual writings to how he was portrayed in the Ritual book.

The Content of this paragraph will be based around the Ritual book while also writings from Arnold Van Gennep himself.

5. Body Paragraph

·      Purpose of this will be to write on Arnolds previous papers and research.

5. Conclusion

Summarize how effectivly their beliefs were written in the Ritual book compared to different sources.