# data[].attributes.body
positional power between customer and worker.
worker have the power to turn down shopper with alcohol and age.
management power over workers  different language between different "ranks" in the jobs,

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supermarkets
supermarkets
positional power between customer and worker.
worker have the power to turn 
Supermarket Codes
Supermarket Codes
Supermarkets use different code to allow them to make announcements without alerting the shoppers as to what is going on
e.g.
Inspector Sands
 Means: There is a fire
 On hearing a call for inspector sands, management have a set period of time to investigate before issuing a full-scale evacuation

Time Check
 Means: Bomb Threat
 This indicates to the staff that someone needs to stop what they are doing and search for a suspect package, before preparing to evacuate
Legalese
Legalese
Mainly in Latin which makes it very difficult to understand. Relies on specific vocab 
police use phonetic
police use phonetic alphabet for clarity 
Doctors
Doctors
police use indirect
police use indirect directs and rhetorical statements 
Teacher Acronyms
Teacher Acronyms
ALP-Adult Literacy
SEN-Special Educational Needs
NEET-Not in education, employment or training
Language Reveals Power - Police
Language Reveals Power - Police
When negotiating with police, a gang may issue the threatening message, “Meet our demands, or we will shoot the hostages!” 

The threatening message may succeed in coercing the police to submit; its power, however, is more apparent than real because it is based on the guns gangsters posses. The message merely reveals the power of a weapon in their possession. 

Apart from revealing power, the gangsters may also cheat. As long as the message comes across as credible and convincing enough to arouse overwhelming fear, it would allow them to get away with their demands without actually possessing any weapon. 

In this case, language is used to produce an intended effect despite resistance by deceptively revealing a non existing power base and planting it in the mind of the message recipient. 

The literature on linguistic deception illustrates the widespread deceptive use of language-reveals-power to produce intended effects despite resistance (Robinson, 1996).
Doctors
Doctors
Doctors have their own sociolect and do this to vent to one and other 
Legalese
Legalese
John Swales (2011): Discourse Community. Members of specific communities who share a set of common goals use specialist lexis and discourse. Have to possess a required level of knowledge and skill to be considered eligible to join the community
INTERVIEW structured
INTERVIEW structured, formal, factual, direct 
INTERROGATION not factual, confrontational, over-powering 
Police
Police

Use positive and negative face 
Make the criminal feel either better or worse to try to attempt to gain a confession 
During an interrogation the police can lie despite the fact it’s supposed to be a factual interrogation (to gain a confession)
Doctors need to unde
Doctors need to understand the regional dialect of the patients they are treating so they know what they mean
Doctors
Doctors
Dark slang 
FLK= Funny Looking Kid
It continues to be used as it saves time by keeping things brief for lawyers
It continues to be used as it saves time by keeping things brief for lawyers 
Police and Dialect

# data[].attributes.body
Legalese
Legalese
Mainly in Latin 
police use phonetic
police use phonetic alphabet for clarity 
Doctors
Doctors
police use indirect
police use indirect directs and rhetorical statements 
Teacher Acroynyms
Teacher Acroynyms
ALP-Adult Literacy
SEN-Special Educational Needs
NEET-Not in education, employment or training
supermarkets
supermarkets
positional power between customer and worker.
worker have the power to turn 

# data[].attributes.body
Supermarkets use different code to allow them to make announcements without alerting the shoppers as to what is going on
e.g.
Inspector Sands
Means: There is a fire
On hearing a call for inspector sands, management have a set period of time to investigate before issuing a full-scale evacuation

Time Check
Means: Bomb Threat
This indicates to the staff that someone needs to stop what they are doing and search for a suspect package, before preparing to evacuate

# data[].attributes.body
Mainly in Latin which makes it very difficult to understand. Relies on specific vocab and precise language to convey particular meanings which may not be legible to those without educations

# data[].attributes.body
police use phonetic alphabet for clarity

# data[].attributes.body
police use indirect directs and rhetorical statements

# data[].attributes.body
ALP-Adult Literacy
SEN-Special Educational Needs
NEET-Not in education, employment or training

# data[].attributes.body
When negotiating with police, a gang may issue the threatening message, “Meet our demands, or we will shoot the hostages!”

The threatening message may succeed in coercing the police to submit; its power, however, is more apparent than real because it is based on the guns gangsters posses. The message merely reveals the power of a weapon in their possession.

Apart from revealing power, the gangsters may also cheat. As long as the message comes across as credible and convincing enough to arouse overwhelming fear, it would allow them to get away with their demands without actually possessing any weapon.

In this case, language is used to produce an intended effect despite resistance by deceptively revealing a non existing power base and planting it in the mind of the message recipient.

The literature on linguistic deception illustrates the widespread deceptive use of language-reveals-power to produce intended effects despite resistance (Robinson, 1996).

# data[].attributes.body
Doctors have their own sociolect and do this to vent to one and other

# data[].attributes.body
John Swales (2011): Discourse Community. Members of specific communities who share a set of common goals use specialist lexis and discourse. Have to possess a required level of knowledge and skill to be considered eligible to join the community

# data[].attributes.body
INTERVIEW structured, formal, factual, direct
INTERROGATION not factual, confrontational, over-powering

# data[].attributes.body
Use positive and negative face
Make the criminal feel either better or worse to try to attempt to gain a confession
During an interrogation the police can lie despite the fact it’s supposed to be a factual interrogation (to gain a confession)

# data[].attributes.body
Doctors need to understand the regional dialect of the patients they are treating so they know what they mean

# data[].attributes.body
Dark slang
FLK= Funny Looking Kid

# data[].attributes.headline
It continues to be used as it saves time by keeping things brief for lawyers 

# data[].attributes.subject
It continues to be used as it saves time by keeping things brief for lawyers 

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· UK Police commonly use acronyms e.g. APU – armed police unit, CP – child protection etc

· A lot of codewords are used by police that are generational; they are often colloquial and not ‘PC’ ranging from stabby (a protection vest) to BINGO seat (“Bollocks I’m not getting out” seat – the back seat)

· Drew and Heritage (drawing on Levinson 1992) propose that:

1. Institutional interaction involves an orientation by at least one of the participants to some core goal, task or identity (or set of them) conventionally associated with the institution in question. In short, institutional talk is normally informed by goal orientations of a relatively restricted conventional form.

2. Institutional interaction may often involve special and particular constraints on what one or both of the participants will treat as allowable contributions to the business at hand.

3. Institutional talk may be associated with inferential frameworks and procedures that are particular to specific institutional contexts.

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ABH: Actual bodily harm.

AFO: Authorised Firearms Officer.

ARU: Armed Response Unit.

ARV: Armed Response Vehicle.

ASBO: Anti Social Behaviour Order.

B&E: Breaking and entering.

BIP: Break in Progress.

BOP: Breach of the peace.

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lawyers should be able to switch between legalese and explaining terms to non-understanding people

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lawyers should be able to switch between legalese and explaining terms to non-understanding people

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Use oral now instead of written, used to be written instead

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A study by Haworth, Kate (2009) built on Drew and Heritage as seen below:

IR: James. I have to inform you that this interview is being tape recorded. all right mate?=

IE: =yep.

IR: now I called you James, do you- are you happy being called James or do you (-)

IE: any, i[t-] don‘t really matter.

IR: [no] =yeah okay so (.) you‘re happy with [James] not Tommo.

IE: [yeah] yep.

IR: okay mate. {clears throat} right. (-) Let me introduce myself, my name‘s John David Green, Detective Constable 123. and I‘m stationed at {small police station in suburb of mid-size city} in the CID department. can you give me your name,=

IE: =It‘s James Steven Thompson.

“Here the IR repeatedly addresses the IE by name, displaying knowledge of both his first and surnames. Indeed the IE‘s name is the topic of discussion for several turns. Yet after this, the IR asks the IE to give him his name . It is clear that the IR does not need this information himself, and hence that it is being elicited for the purposes of other audiences for this talk. It is interesting to note that the IE does not question this, but gives his name in full. This is possibly an indication of the IE‘s own awareness of the institutional requirements of the context, but equally it could be a response to the very formal and full terms in which the IE introduces himself."

http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12253/1/KJH_PhD_final.pdf

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the formal and technical language of legal documents

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features: Archaic Lexis ('herewith'), Impersonal (3rd Person), Negotiations + Double negatives, Imperatives + Modals, Questioning + cross examination, Polysyllabic Lexis, Neologisms ('Zoning'), Alliterative Phrases ('to Have and to Hold'), Lengthy and complex Sentences and unusual syntax.

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abbreviations are used to help with quick communication between officers
D&D drunk and disorderly
ABH actual bodily harm
WAR SUIT police officers uniform
KIDDIE COP a policeman assigned to a certain school

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Drew and Heritage 1993, strong hierarchies of power in organisations are marked by language.

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Doctors use dark slang as a way to relieve slang and to bring humour into their job as some doctors suffer from PTSD

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Legalese - originates from latin and are made up of legal terms  

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Legalese - originates from latin and are made up of legal terms  

# data[].attributes.body
informal term for specialised language of lawyers and legal documents

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police often use negative face to intimidate potential criminals

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Use acronyms such as NPS (New parents syndrome) for new parents constantly brining their child into hospital

Also use puns such as dyscopia for patients/ family members not coping

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Teachers may have certain codes to talk about an issue regarding a student or a parent, such as 'committed and interested parents' meaning intrusive parents. These are used to avoid complaints which teachers are often vulnerable to from parents in particular.

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Use acronyms, codes and initialisms to communicate with each other and law enforcement.
For example :
10 codes (radio codes)
10-4 = Ok
10-10 = fight in progress
10-12 = stand by
10-23 = arrived at scene

Initialisms

ABH = Actual body harm
B&E = Breaking and entering

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police use inverted meanings
e.g good means bad
this isn’t a value judgement but is used when describing cases to other police officers

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Police tend to use lot of imperative such as "stop!" 

# data[].attributes.subject
Police tend to use lot of imperative such as "stop!" 