# data[].attributes.body
You do not have to read all of the biographies. Just skim through them and answer the questions on your packet. Do not watch the videos until you are done filling out the graph on your packet. If you have enough time once you are done, then you may watch the videos.

# data[].attributes.body
Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His father was very abusive and did not get along with him. When Hitler finally grew up, he moved to the capital of Austria Hungary, Vienna to study art. Many people in the area that he lived believed in antisemitism. (hostility or prejudice towards Jews) Eventually, Hitler failed all of his classes and soon after, joined the German army saying that it was one of the best times he experienced in his life.

# data[].attributes.body
Soon after the Germans lost the war, Hitler ran for the leader of Germany. He barely lost and got second place, making him the new chancellor of Germany. He used his power to gain full control of the country, and became a dictator. He was now the so called Fuhrer of Germany.

Hitler gives a political speech

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Adolf Hitler - speech (English Subtitles)

# data[].attributes.body
On September 1st, 1939, Hitler demanded his troops to annex the country of Poland. Before Germany's defeat in WWI, Poland was a German territory, now that it gained independence , Hitler wanted it back. The attack was a huge success with the USSR helping Germany by taking over the East side of the country. Poland was split in two for Germany and the USSR to share. Hitler, however, was not satisfied. He hungered to take over all of Europe, and after that, the world. Hitler believed that the German race was superior. He continued his expansion and annexed many other countries such as, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Yugoslavia, Greece, and even some areas of his own ally, the USSR. The only country that survived Hitler's attacks was the UK.

# data[].attributes.body
Hitler's reign did not last long. In 1944, the US, UK, and Canada, successfully liberated Normandy France, and began to take away Hitler's territory. On April 30th, 1945, Hitler committed suicide. Seven days later, the allied forces defeated Germany, ending the war in Europe

# data[].attributes.body
Mussolini was the dictator of Italy during WWII. He was born on July 29th of 1883 in Predappio Italy. As a young child, Mussolini would usually help his father in his smithy. He also began to follow many of his father's political views, his father idolized the Italian national figures with humanist tendencies. In 1902, Mussolini emigrated to Geneva Switzerland to avoid military service, there he learned about socialist ideas and began to follow them. In 1909, Mussolini moved again to Trento in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. There he published a book called "Trentino Veduto Da Un Socialista." (Trento As Seen By A Socialist) He also wrote several essays about German literature.

# data[].attributes.body
Eventually, Mussolini became one of Italy's most prominent Socialists. In September 1911, Mussolini participated in a riot against the Italian war in Libya. As a result, Mussolini earned a five month jail term. Soon after WWI ended, Mussolini ran for Prime Minister. He won, took all power, and became dictator. He became good friends with the new German Fuhrer, Adolf Hitler strengthening political relations between the two countries.

Mussolini gives a political speech

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
MUSSOLINI SPEACH AT TARANTO [WITH ACCURATE ENGLISH SUBTITLES]

# data[].attributes.body
On September 1st, 1939, Germany initiated WWII by attacking Poland. Mussolini decided to not engage in the war until 1940 when Germany invaded France. Mussolini acted quickly and took the southern half of the country. Italy also took over many African territories from the allied powers.

# data[].attributes.body
Mussolini's reign ended when the allied forces annexed Rome in September of 1944. Mussolini died on April 28th, 1945 when he was shot by partisans officially ending his dictatorship.

# data[].attributes.body
Hideki Tojo was born on December 30th, 1884, in Tokyo Japan. Tojo was born during the Meiji era of Japan. This was the era when boys were taught to fight as soldiers instead of learning things like mathematics in school. This inspired Tojo to join the Army Cadet School in 1899. When he graduated in 1905, he was immediately commissioned as a lieutenant and was sent out to the Russo Japanese war. When the Japanese lost the war, they were infuriated blaming the US for all of their new economic problems. Japan decided to side with Germany.

# data[].attributes.body
Due to Tojo's great dedication to his country, he was given the rank of head general and soon after, the new Prime Minister of Japan. This made him complete ruler over the country, except for the emperor that got more power.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1940, Tojo decided to go to war with China, the UK, France, and the US by bombing Pearl Harbor. He took over many allied territories such as French Indo China, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, Manchuria, and many other Oceanic islands. He also took over Thailand, forcing them to join the axis.

Tojo declares war on UK, France, and US

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
HIDEKI TOJO SPEECH ABOUT WAR AGAINST USA & UK with English subtitles

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hideki Tojo expressed his determination at the outbreak of war against USA and UK.

# data[].attributes.body
However, just like the Nazis and Italians, Allied forces began to liberate Tojo's annexations. On August 16th, 1945, Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan were bombed by the US with two nukes. One nuke was called little boy which was a uranium bomb. The other one was called fat man which was a plutonium bomb. On September 2nd, 1945, Hideki Tojo surrendered to the allied powers and was sent to Sugamo Prison. There he lived the last three years of his life and died at the age 63 on December 23rd, 1948.

# data[].attributes.body
Ferenc Szalasi was born on January 6th, 1897 in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His father was a soldier that had just returned from the Hungarian revolution. When he grew up, he followed his father's footsteps and joined the army in 1915. Eventually, he was promoted to an officer in WWI. Soon after the war was over, he was a lieutenant. However, the war had split Ferenc's country into five different new countries. These new countries were Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, and Yugoslavia.

# data[].attributes.body
Around this time, Ferenc became fascinated by Hungarian politics and often lectured on Hungary's political affairs. In 1935, Ferenc left the army to follow his political dreams. In 1937, he created his own party called the Hungarian National Socialist Party. The party was immediately banned by the government and Ferenc was sent to prison. After being released in 1940, Ferenc went straight back to politics. Ferenc began to support German ideas and quickly got the attention of none other than Adolf Hitler. The Prime Minister at that time, Miklos Horthy, was antagonized by the Germans constantly until his son was kidnapped by German soldiers. Germany threatened to kill his son unless he handed over the power to Ferenc. In 1944, Miklos resigned and gave all the power to Ferenc. Ferenc immediately allied with Germany, joining the war on the axis side.

Ferenc gets sworn in as Prime Minister

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Szálasi Ferenc 1944. november 4-én a magyar országgyűlés két házának együttes ülésén a királyi várpalota fehér márványtermében a Szent Korona előtt nemzetvezetői esküt tesz SZÁLASI FERENC MAGYAR ÁLLAMFŐ A MÁRVÁNYTEREMBEN... A terem karzatain a pápai nuncius, a német követség élén megjelent dr. Edmund Veesenmayer, a Német Birodalom követe és meghatalmazottja, kíséretével együtt, valamint az olasz, japán és baráti államok követei és megbízottai.

# data[].attributes.body
Ferenc's rule only lasted 163 days before Soviet and Romanian forces annexed Budapest on November 19th, 1944. Ferenc decided to flee to Munich Germany. When Germany was annexed on May 7th, 1945, Ferenc was captured by American troops and was sent to prison again. Ferenc Szalasi was hanged on March 12th, 1946.

# data[].attributes.body
Boris III was born on January 30th, 1894. He came to the throne as the new Tzar of Bulgaria in 1918 after his father, Ferdinand I, died, right after the defeat of Bulgaria in WWI. This was the country's second major defeat within only five years. This forced Bulgaria to cede new territory and pay massive amounts of money for neighborhoods which threatened economic stability. Two political forces, the Agrarian Union and the Communist Party were calling for the overthrow of Boris. Boris promised the country that he would fix the economic problems by siding with none other than Adolf Hitler.

Boris allies with Hitler

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hitler meets Tzar Boris of Bulgaria 1941

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hitler, Franz von Papen, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Tzar Boris, and Admiral Horthy notable people who are seen. 1941

# data[].attributes.body
When the war started, Bulgaria remained neutral. But soon enough, Boris sided with Germany and joined the war on the axis in March of 1941. Boris agreed to help Germany attack Yugoslavia and Greece. Both of these battles were a success giving some territory to Bulgaria just like Boris promised his people. However, Bulgaria was beginning to not cooperate with Germany, refusing to attack the Soviet Union. Due to this, Hitler decided to send all Bulgarians that lived in Germany to concentration camps with the rest of the Jews.

# data[].attributes.body
In August of 1943, Hitler summoned Boris to Rastenburg to have a meeting. When Boris returned, he died of heart failure on August 28th, 1943.

# data[].attributes.body
Plaek was born on July 14th, 1897. As a child, Plaek studied in Buddist temple schools. When he was old enough he was appointed to the Royal Military Academy. He graduated in 1914 and was commisioned as a lieutenant. Following WWI, he was sent to France to study artillery tactics. In 1928, he rose a rank and recieved the noble name of Luang from the king.

# data[].attributes.body
Ten years later, after the king was overthrown, Plaek became the new Prime Minister of Thailand. Plaek began to support fascist and nationalist governments and became an admirer of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. However, Plaek soon dropped his fascist ideas due to Japan annexing the country in 1940.

Plaek sending troops to defend Thailand against the Japanese invasion

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.

# data[].attributes.body
On December 8th, 1941, Thailand signed a treaty with Japan stating that Thailand would recover all of their territory only if they joined the war on the axis powers. Due to this, Plaek helped the Japanese attack British owned Myanmar and British owned Malaysia. The US, saw what Thailand was doing but decided not to declare war saying that Thailand was only a puppet of Japan. After the war was over, Thailand recieved American aid to rebuild the country. In return, Plaek decided to support the US in the Korean war. On June 11th 1964, Plaek died from old age.

# data[].attributes.body
Ion Antonescu was born on June 15th, 1882. He was born in the Romanian capital, Bucharest. His father wanted him to follow in his footsteps. So when he got old enough, his father sent him to the infantry and cavalry school. During his childhood his parents broke up, this led Ion to become very dramatic. After Ion graduated in 1904 he joined the army with the rank of lieutenant. After 1916, when Romania joined the first World War, Ion acted as a chief for General Constantine Prezan.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1940, Ion became the Prime Minister of Romania. Due to Romania's relations with Germany at that time, Ion joined the war on the axis side. He helped Germany in operation Barbarossa. (The attack on Russia) Later in 1944, Ion realised that the allies started to win the war. Due to this, he decided to declare neutrality but still having ties with Germany.

Ion gives a political speech

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Uploaded by rauplatnicu unu on 2009-03-29.

# data[].attributes.body
The Soviets, however, were not very happy when Romania attacked them. So the Soviets attacked Romania. Ion was arrested, and sent to prison. On June 1st, 1946, he was trialed, and executed.

# data[].attributes.body
Risto Ryti was born on February 3rd, 1889 in Huittinen, Russia. He was educated briefly in the Pori Grammar School before enrolling in the University of Helsinki to study law. In 1914, he left the country and began studying in Miami University, Ohio. However, the outbreak of WWI forced him to return to the Soviet Union. When the war was over, Finland gained it's independence from the USSR. The USSR did not agree with Finland gaining independence beginning the Finnish civil war. Risto fought for Finland. He was nearly killed. In 1925, Risto finally graduated.

# data[].attributes.body
Soon after graduation in 1925, Risto was nominated as a presidential candidate at the age of 36. Ryti won with 172 votes and the other candidate with 109 votes.

# data[].attributes.body
After about five years, the Soviets decided to attack again in 1939 commencing what is called, the Winter War. Finland had officially joined WWII on the allies. Finland fought aggressively against the attacks managing to hold off the Russians from getting to the capital. After the Soviet Union changed from the axis to the allies, Finland did the opposite. Finland was now on the axis helping the Germans with Operation Barbarossa.

Risto sending troops into the Winter War

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Finland 1941 - The Battle of Petrozavodsk(Äänislinna)Петрозаводск

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This video is used for purposes of civic education, the defense unconstitutional efforts, the scientific and military history research, as well as reporting on events of current affairs. They are the reference for history enthusiasts and are not intended as a popular figure of any neonazi gruops.

# data[].attributes.body
When the war ended in Europe, Risto was arrested by the soviets and was sent to prison for ten years. Unlike the other axis leaders that were killed, Risto was released from prison. On October 25th, 1956, Risto died from stomach cancer.