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Nursing leaders can improve health in urban informal settlements by partnering with sectors like housing and education, shaping policies to reduce health disparities, listening to community needs, encouraging teamwork among healthcare professionals, and using data to guide decisions. Through this collaborative approach, nursing leaders can help create better healthcare solutions for these communities, ultimately enhancing health outcomes and promoting health equity.

Tailor health promotion by:

1. Using culturally sensitive messaging

2. Creating simple, visual materials

3. Utilizing community-based outreach

4. Providing practical, actionable advice

5. Offering education in accessible locations

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1. Nurses can play a important roles like, Teaching people about healthy habits like good and nutritious food, exercise and quitting smoking. Conducting health screening to early detection of diseases. Hey can provide ongoing care and support for individual with NCDs. Additionally, nurses can advocate for policies and programme that support NCD prevention. 2.Barriers; limited access to health care, inadequate health infrastructure like limited electronic health records and impede effective care delivery and lack of coordination between sectors like housing, sanitation. 3.Social determinants of health significantly exacerbate poor health outcomes, economic instability, limited education, poverty, environmental insecurity including lack of clean water, sanitation and safe housing . I think these social determinants is crucial to improving health equity.

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3.Nursing leadership can advocate by building partnerships with sectors like housing and education, influencing policy to address health inequities, engaging with communities, fostering interdisciplinary teamwork, and using data to inform decisions, ultimately improving health outcomes and promoting equity in urban informal settlements.

7.To effectively promote health, tailor your approach to the community's needs by:

- Developing culturally relevant messages and materials

- Engaging in community outreach and education

- Providing clear, actionable guidance

- Making health information accessible and easy to understand

This targeted approach can enhance the impact of health promotion efforts.

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CASE STUDY-Community Health Crisis in Urban Informal Settlements

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CASE STUDY-Community Health Crisis in Urban Informal Settlements

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1.What role can advanced practice nurses play in reducing the NCD burden in underserved urban areas?

Community-based interventions – Implement mobile clinics, telemedicine, and home-based care.

Policy advocacy – better clinic funding, health infrastructure, and policies addressing social determinants.

Train community health workers and traditional birth attendants.

collaboration – Work with social services, housing, and urban planning to improve health conditions.

Primary care & chronic disease management – Provide accessible healthcare, screenings, treatment, and lifestyle counselling.

2.systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

Achieving effective healthcare in underserved urban settlements is hindered by several systemic barriers, including political instability that leads to fragmented health policies and inconsistent implementation. Chronic underfunding and understaffing of health facilities make preventive care and disease management difficult, while broader social determinants such as poverty, food insecurity, environmental hazards, and limited education further exacerbate health disparities. Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, particularly the absence of electronic health records, disrupts continuity of care, while cultural and behavioral barriers—such as misinformation and reliance on unlicensed providers—complicate health-seeking behaviors. Additionally, the lack of coordination between essential sectors like health, housing, sanitation, and employment prevents the development of holistic solutions necessary for sustainable health improvements.

3.What role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcomes in this population?

Factors like poverty, food insecurity, and unstable housing limit access to nutritious food, clean water, and safe living conditions, increasing vulnerability to non-communicable diseases and maternal complications. Environmental hazards, such as pollution and inadequate sanitation, elevate risks of respiratory illnesses and infections, while limited education and health literacy reduce awareness of preventive care and healthy behaviors. Additionally, employment insecurity and long working hours discourage physical activity and make healthcare unaffordable, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment.

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1

The Systematic barriers preventing the achievement or the SDG3 are :

**Insufficient NCD Prevention and Treatment Programs:

Public health initiatives often focus on infectious diseases, leaving NCDs relatively neglected. This includes a lack of screening programs, early detection services, and comprehensive treatment options.

** Lack of Financial Resources:

Investing in NCD prevention, treatment, and care requires significant financial resources. Many countries struggle to allocate adequate funding for these purposes, especially when competing with other development priorities.

**Persistent Health Inequalities:

Social determinants of health, such as poverty, lack of education, and discrimination, contribute to disparities in access to healthcare and healthy living conditions. These inequalities disproportionately affect marginalized groups and hinder the progress towards universal health coverage.

**Weak Governance and Policy:

Inadequate coordination between different sectors, weak regulatory frameworks, and a lack of political commitment can hinder the development and implementation of effective NCD prevention and control .

3

Nursing leadership or public health personnel can advocate for multi sectoral collaboration through the following ways ;

**Policy Changes:

They can actively participate in policy-making processes to ensure that health equity and multisectoral collaboration are prioritized in legislation and funding decisions, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) .This involves serving on advisory committees, commissions, and boards where policy decisions are made.

They can also advocate for funding and resources for programs that address social determinants of health, such as housing, sanitation, and education, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH)

**Building Partnerships:

They can forge strong partnerships with representatives from other sectors, including housing, sanitation, education, and social services, according to the American Nurses Association (ANA).

This can involve attending community meetings, establishing joint committees, and collaborating on research projects.

Promoting Interprofessional Collaboration:

They can foster interprofessional collaboration by creating a culture of shared responsibility and accountability within their organizations.

This can involve developing and implementing interprofessional education programs and providing ongoing support for interprofessional teamwork.

**They can also advocate for the use of technology to facilitate communication and collaboration among different healthcare professionals.

**Prioritizing Community Engagement:

They can actively engage with communities by conducting needs assessments, participating in community events.

**Investing in Public health Education and Training:

They should advocate for increased investment in nursing education and training, particularly in areas related to leadership, management, and interprofessional collaboration.

This can involve providing nurses with opportunities for continuing education, mentorship, and professional development.

**They can also advocate for the development of specialized training programs that focus on cross-sectoral collaboration and health equity.

7

Tailored health promotion strategies are ;

**Understand the Community:

Conduct thorough community assessments to identify cultural norms, beliefs, and values that influence health behaviors and also Incorporate Local Traditions;

Integrate community-specific traditions and celebrations into health promotion efforts, ensuring that messages are not seen as conflicting with cultural practices.

**Addressing Literacy and Socio-Economic Constraints with Multi-lingual Materials :

Provide health information in multiple languages to accommodate diverse linguistic needs. Accessible Formats

of information in various formats, such as posters, flyers, videos, and audio recordings, to cater to different learning styles and literacy levels.

** Community-Based Resources:

Tap into local community resources, such as faith-based organizations, community centers, and local leaders, to facilitate outreach and support.

Address Economic Barriers:

Recognize and address socio-economic barriers that may hinder access to healthy foods, healthcare, and safe environments.

** Community-Led Initiatives:

Empower community members to lead health promotion activities, as they are often more effective at addressing local needs and cultural contexts.

** Promoting Health Literacy and Empowerment:

Provide Information,Offer evidence-based information about NCDs, risk factors, prevention strategies, and available resources.

**Focus on Prevention:

Emphasize the importance of prevention, rather than focusing solely on the disease .

8

Social determinants of health plays an important role in exacerbating poor outcome in this population .Some of the key Social determinants are;

** Socioeconomic Factors:

Poverty and Inequality;

Low income and wealth are strongly linked to higher rates of NCDs like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension. People with limited financial resources may struggle to afford healthy food, access quality healthcare, or participate in recreational activities, increasing their vulnerability.

**Education:

Lower education levels are associated with increased NCD risk factors and poorer health outcomes. This can affect individuals' knowledge and ability to make healthy choices, access healthcare, and navigate complex health systems.

** Environmental

Conditions: Poor housing and poor sanitation directly impact disease risk and maternal health outcomes.

** Employment Conditions: Long hours and informal work reduces time and access for self care and checkups.

Oluwatosin Oredeko

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1.Nurses play a major role in reducing non communicable diseases burden in unreserved urban areas. Nurses can provide health education to the community regarding practicing healthy lifestyle and also nurses can help in preventing diagnosing and treatments. Nurse also plays multiple roles like care giver, nurse advocate, counselor

2.SDG3 is good health and wellbeing. The barriers include smoking, eating ultra-processed foods, and engaging only in limited physical activity due to long working hours and environmental insecurity.

3.low income, insecure environments, lack of education, unsafe housing and poor sanitation.

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1. Nurses play a vital role in preventing and reducing NCDs. By identifying the risk factors in the community a nurse can implement methods for reducing NCDs. By providing health education the people will be aware of the precautions which needs to be taken during a disease. Conducting screening tests and surveys, conducting immunization programs which paves ways to reduce NCD burden

2. Sustainable goal 3 is Good Health and wellbeing. The barriers which prevent the achievement of SGD 3 are the hospitals are understaffed, under trained, lack of resources and there is no electronic records system which makes them difficult for do the follow up.

3. Low income, lack of education, poor housing and sanitation, poverty, environment factors

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1

Systemic Barriers to Achieving SDG 3:

A. Fragmented Governance: Lack of coordination between sectors like housing, sanitation, education hinders comprehensive action.

B. Underfunded Health Infrastructure: Under-resourced clinics cannot offer preventive care, diagnostics, or follow-ups.

C. Workforce Shortages: Limited health personnel compromises quality and accessibility to care.

D. Lack of Data Systems: The absence of electronic health records limits continuity and planning of care services.

E. Cultural and Behavioral Barriers: Resistance to change in dietary habits or preference for traditional practices complicates intervention.

3

Public Health personnel can advocate for multisectoral collaboration in the following ways:

A. Community Mobilization: Use participatory methods to engage community members and stakeholders across sectors.

B. Coalition Building: can lead or join interdisciplinary coalitions to align goals and pool resources.

C. Policy Influence: Represent the health sector in local government meetings and advocate for equitable resource distribution.

D. The use of social media to raise awareness about the importance of multisectoral collaboration and promote policy change.

E. Holding meetings and discussions with stake holders to foster relationships and advocate for

multisectoral collaboration.

7

Tailored Health promotion strategies are:

A. Culturally Relevant Messaging: Use storytelling, local languages, and familiar icons to deliver health education.

B. Peer Educators: Engage trusted community members as health advocates.

C. Flexible Scheduling: Offer activities during evenings or weekends to accommodate work schedules.

D. Low-Literacy Tools: Use visuals, audio messages, and drama-based outreach for communication.

8

Social determinants of health play a significant role in exacerbating poor health outcomes in this population. Some key social determinants include:

A. Social and economic inequality: Women in the settlement face high rates of maternal complications and limited access to prenatal care, highlighting the need to address gender-based health disparities.

B. Income Insecurity: Limits ability to afford nutritious food, medications, or transport to clinics.

C. Education Levels: Impact health literacy and engagement in preventive care.

D. Environmental Conditions: Poor housing and sanitation directly impact disease risk and maternal health outcomes.

E. Employment Conditions: Long hours and informal work reduce time and access for self-care and clinic visits.

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1. What role can advanced practice nurses play in reducing the NCD burden in underserved urban areas?

APNs also play an essential role in health education, promoting lifestyle modifications such as proper nutrition, physical activity, and smoking cessation. By fostering trust within communities, they are uniquely positioned to deliver culturally competent care, improve health literacy, and encourage adherence to treatment regimens. Additionally, they serve as care coordinators and patient advocates, ensuring continuity of care and connecting patients to necessary support services.

2. What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

Systemic barriers that hinder progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) in underserved urban areas include:

Inadequate Healthcare Infrastructure: Many urban slums and low-income areas lack sufficient healthcare facilities and trained personnel to address NCDs effectively.

Financial Barriers: High out-of-pocket costs and lack of health insurance limit access to necessary diagnostic and treatment services.

Policy Gaps and Poor Governance: Weak implementation of urban health policies and limited investment in preventive healthcare exacerbate existing inequalities.

3. What role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcomes in this population?

Social determinants of health (SDOH) such as poverty, education, housing, employment, and environmental conditions significantly influence NCD outcomes in underserved urban populations. For example:

Economic Disadvantage limits access to nutritious food, safe environments for physical activity, and healthcare services, increasing vulnerability to NCDs.

Low Educational Attainment is linked to poor health literacy, which impedes disease prevention, early detection, and self-management of chronic conditions.

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1.Advanced practice nurses mainly carry out health education and formulate a series of sustainable development measures.                                                   2. I think it is caused by factors such as unstable political factors, insufficient medical staff and the lack of public health awareness.      3. Social instability factors lead to the public's lack of security in their surroundings and distrust of the  surrounding environment.

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1.Advanced practice nurses mainly carry out health education and formulate a series of sustainable development measures.                                                   2. I think it is caused by factors such as unstable political factors, insufficient medical staff and the lack of public health awareness.      3. Social instability factors lead to the public's lack of security in their surroundings and distrust of the  surrounding environment.

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to improve health outcomes a nurse can do is :

~collaboration with other non health sectors for eg sanitation’s , housing and education policies.

~providing preventive health education , health education and promotions via schools.

~use EBP(evidenced based practices) to have good outcomes.

~to record the data and do documentation for feedback and reporting.

To achieve all these there must be collaboration of all Health teams and non health policies.

ANS.8

Relevance to SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being):

This scenario touches directly on multiple targets under SDG 3, such as:

~Reduce mortality from NCDs

~ Improve maternal health and achieve UHC

~Increase health workforce capacity

~Strengthen early warning and risk reduction for health risks

By providing employment so that they can have access to food , housing etc. which are essential for maintaining health.

By providing preventative health measures and promoting health measures.

There should be no discrimination while giving health care to the society this might effect their mental health also

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1.

What role can advanced practice nurses play in reducing the NCD burden in underserved urban areas?

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs)—including Nurse Practitioners, Clinical Nurse Specialists, and Nurse Educators—can play a transformative role in reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in underserved urban areas through:

Community-Based Health Education: APNs can lead culturally sensitive education programs focused on NCD prevention, nutrition, smoking cessation, and physical activity, tailored to the community’s lifestyle and constraints.

Primary Care Delivery: They can offer accessible, cost-effective primary care services, including screening, diagnosis, and management of NCDs, especially where physicians are scarce.

Care Coordination: APNs can bridge gaps between patients and fragmented health services by coordinating follow-ups, referrals, and connecting individuals to social services.

Task Shifting and Capacity Building: They can train and supervise community health workers and even traditional birth attendants, integrating them into a safer, regulated care model.

Policy Advocacy: APNs can advocate for community needs, contributing evidence-based insights to push for implementation of universal health coverage and health systems strengthening.

2.

What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

Sustainable Development Goal 3—“Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”—faces several systemic barriers in this context:

Fragmented Governance: Poor coordination between sectors (e.g., health, housing, sanitation) limits the impact of health initiatives.

Political Instability: Changes in leadership and lack of political will stall progress on UHC implementation and public health investment.

Resource Constraints: Chronic understaffing, inadequate funding, and lack of medical supplies hinder preventive care and effective chronic disease management.

Data Gaps: Absence of electronic health records and community-level surveillance impedes tracking health outcomes and follow-up care.

Inequitable Health Infrastructure: Urban informal settlements are often excluded from urban planning, leading to limited access to essential services such as clean water, waste disposal, and emergency care.

3.

What role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcomes in this population?

Social determinants of health (SDOH) play a foundational role in shaping the health outcomes of residents in informal settlements:

Economic Instability: Low wages and precarious employment reduce access to nutritious food, healthcare, and medications.

Environmental Insecurity: Poor housing, pollution, and lack of safe recreational spaces discourage physical activity and contribute to chronic stress.

Limited Education and Health Literacy: Low literacy levels impede understanding of health messages and adherence to treatment regimens.

Gender Inequality: Women face compounded risks due to inadequate maternal health services, lack of autonomy in health decisions, and overreliance on unregulated birth attendants.

Inadequate Access to Services: Distance, cost, and availability of clinics prevent routine screening and early intervention for NCDs.

In conclusion, to effectively reduce the NCD burden and improve overall health outcomes, there must be an integrated response that empowers APNs, addresses systemic inefficiencies, and tackles the root social determinants of health through multi-sectoral collaboration.

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1.      Nurses can play a vital role in reducing non communicable diseases in underserved urban areas such as,

Providing health education regarding the prevention of non-communicable diseases, healthy lifestyle practices, cessation of smoking and alcohol etc.

Providing awareness and free regular health check-ups camps in their areas.

Provide awareness regarding the clinics nearer to them and prenatal care.

2.    Sustainable development goal 3 is good health and well-being. The barriers faced are lack of healthcare staffs and resources. lack of awareness regarding

good lifestyle practices and medications. Poor housing and sanitation.

3.    Lack of physical activities, poverty, lack of education, inadequate housing and sanitation

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Barriers that prevent the achievement of SDG are: lack of equal access to health care and social amenities, financial resources and lack of adequate staff.

By providing equal access to health care and tackling of health care waste.

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An advanced practice nurse can play crucial roles to tackle the load of NCD in marginalized urban areas. This include role as

1. Care giver: As a care giver, nurse can help in diagnostic and treatment of people.

2. Advocate: can stand with local people and argue for their health and basic needs to authorities

3. Researcher: can conduct surveys in a specific area or a group and can understand the prevailing health issues as well as disease triggering factors and can work effectively to crack such issues

4. Educator: based on the surveys conducted and acquired knowledge, nurse can educate the society in promoting, preventing, diagnosing and treating disease also can help with rehabilitation and palliative care.

5. Counselor: nurse can be a counselor to address mental instabilities and raise their voice against many social stigmas and taboos based on evidence based practices

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ROLE OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS  OF HEALTH IN EXACERBATING POOR OUTCOMES

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ROLE OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS  OF HEALTH IN EXACERBATING POOR OUTCOMES

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Social determinations worsen the poor outcome in this specific population in multiple ways. Unstable employment like unemployment and under employment, for a start lead to economic instability, which results in poverty. It triggers other areas like poverty , poor educational facilities. This in turn results in decreased awareness on health and health care practices which is the primary reason for health negligence in this people. Insufficient knowledge on health lead to unwanted practices such as depending unregistered traditional birth attendants for child birth. Poor coordination between sectors such as housing and sanitation also results in many communicable disease . For example, occurrence of illness such as leptospirosis, typhoid are inevitable in unhygienic areas with poor housing and sanitation facilities, presence of stagnant water bodies or in areas with roddents. To conclude, social determinations should be addressed for overall well-being of this society.

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SYSTEMIC BARRIERS THAT BLOCKS SOCIETY FROM ATTAINIG SDG3

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SYSTEMIC BARRIERS THAT BLOCKS SOCIETY FROM ATTAINIG SDG3

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There exist numerous systemic barriers that blocks the society from attaining SDG 3. Health and employment in an area go hand in hand for the wellbeing of natives. In this society, to begin with, people not only have limited access to health care, but also have instability in their job.To elaborate, poor access to a developed hospital or health settting block the inhabitants to prevent, diagnose or treat disease properly. In this society, examples abound indicating underdeveloped healthcare such as staff shortage in clinics, lack of proper resources, lack of preventive measures and no access to electronic health reccords, which resulted in limited access to medical records by professionals. Lack of preventive measures were the key triggering factor why people avoided health chechups and have poor diet control , which ultimately led to NCDs like DM and HTN. Besides, antenatal mothers having limited access to prenatal care, untreated pregnancy complications and delivery under the supervision of unlicensed traditional birth assistants can lead to maternal and infant mortality.All the above mentioned factors could be the result of not having a proper employment, which results in poverty, which sequentially resulted in lack pf proper education and decreased awareness on health.

Apart from this , unavailability of resources such as clean water, can also be a predominant factor that hinder attaining SDG3.

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1.What is the goal ?2.How does this relate to Nursing practice?3.what populations are most affected?4.what Nursing interventions align with this SDG?

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1.What is the goal ?2.How does this relate to Nursing practice?3.what populations are most affected?4.what Nursing interventions align with this SDG?

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1. Good health and wellbeing

2. This sustainable goal is very much related to Nursing practice.Nurses can provide appropriate care and can give care to all without any inequalities .

3. The population who is having poor economic status and those who are unable to access the health care settings .

4. Provide health educations

Provide health camps

Provide easily accessible healthcare clinics

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1. I think political instability and fragmented coordination between sectors will prevent the SDGs3 like improper housing, sanitation, unlicensed traditional practices, no enough staffs and resources which need to be developed by systematic process.

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1. I think political instability and fragmented coordination between sectors will prevent the SDGs3 like improper housing, sanitation, unlicensed traditional practices, no enough staffs and resources which need to be developed by systematic process.

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2. Inforaml settlement that makes limited access to health services, economic instability like instable employment and long working hours, health quality such as unlicensed birth attendants, understaffed, under resources, these factors can make poor outcomes in this population.

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What role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcomes in this population?

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What role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcomes in this population?

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Outcomes

Poverty ,Education problem, Housing,Employement issue can worsen health outcomes by limiting access to health care, Healthy food, and safe living conditions and these factors can increase the risk in many ways like diseases, mental health issues, poverty..etc.

Example-People living in poverty may not have access to healthy food, safe housing, or adequate healthcare. This can lead to higher rates of chronic diseases like diabetes or hypertension. Additionally, lack of education may result in poor health literacy, leading individuals to delay seeking medical care, worsening their health conditions

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The systematic barriers are

The poor health, low income, limited access to the health care settings,poor housing sanitation,weak policy implementation,poor diet,bad health habits, lack of education and health care records and documents.

Answer 8

Poor living condition such as sanitation ,food ,water

Poor economic instability,

Gender inequality, lack of education.

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Staff shortage

Difficulty in health care access

Under resource

No records

8.roles

Economic stability

resources

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Q1.  Community was having various problems  such as limited access to clean water, health care facilities and stable employment which led to increase in non communicable disease.                                                                      

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Q1.  Community was having various problems  such as limited access to clean water, health care facilities and stable employment which led to increase in non communicable disease.                                                                      

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Q8. Social determinants such as:- work, growth, finance stability, neighbourhood and environmental condition, and availability of health care plays an important role for the well-being of an individual inspite of getting health education and campaigns.

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question 1

lack of knowledge, lack of training for health professionals,

Question 7

Less number of health professionals, Low socio economic back ground, Lack of communication

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1 what systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG3 in this setting?

.workforce shortage

.difficulty in health care access

.unstable environment

.no records

2.what role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcome in this population

.economic stability

.limited resource

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1) poor availability of staff in local clinics,political instability,limited access to healthcare system,working hour is long

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1) poor availability of staff in local clinics,political instability,limited access to healthcare system,working hour is long

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8) The poor found it difficulty to get proper health care,unsafe living conditions

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1- limited access to healthcare services, unstable employment, lack of health education...

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1- limited access to healthcare services, unstable employment, lack of health education...

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2-limited access to nutritious food, lack of clean water, inadequate housing,poor sanitation....

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Question 1:

Local clinics are understaffed, no electronic health records, political instability, long working hours and environmental insecurity, limited access to healthcare.

Question 8

They make it difficult for the poor to get stable healthcare.

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1.Despite public health campaigns, many residents continue to smoke, eat ultraprocessed foods, and engage in limited physical activity due to long working hours and 

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1.Despite public health campaigns, many residents continue to smoke, eat ultraprocessed foods, and engage in limited physical activity due to long working hours and 

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environmental insecurity. Women in the settlement report high rates of maternal

complications and limited access to prenatal care, with some depending on unlicensed

traditional birth attendants.

Local clinics are understaffed, under-resourced, and unable to offer preventive services

consistently. There are no electronic health records, making follow-up care difficult.

Government health policies are in place to address universal health coverage (UHC),

but implementation has stalled due to political instability and fragmented coordination

between sectors (e.g. housing, sanitation, and health)

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Questions 1. systemic barriers to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 include limited healthcare access, environmental and economic insecurity, fragmented coordination, political instability, and cultural and educational challenges. Addressing these issues is essential for improving health outcomes.           Question 8 Social determinants of health worsen poor outcomes by affecting access to resources and health behaviors.

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Questions 1. systemic barriers to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 include limited healthcare access, environmental and economic insecurity, fragmented coordination, political instability, and cultural and educational challenges. Addressing these issues is essential for improving health outcomes.           Question 8 Social determinants of health worsen poor outcomes by affecting access to resources and health behaviors.

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What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

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What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

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1- SDG 3 (Good Health and we'll being) 1-limited Healthcare infrastructure and resources 2-Insufficient health financing, making health care unaffordable 3-health inequalities 4-weak governance and political instability 5-shortage of healthcare workers, especially in low-income areas 6-Inaccessibilitu to medicines and vaccines. 7-cultural and social barriers preventing health care 8-environmental threats 9-fragmented health system 10-Emerging health threats such as pandemics,diverting resources.

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1) The barriers that exis in achieving SDG 3 are deteriorated health care system , political instability and lack of coordination and communication among different executive sectors.

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1) The barriers that exis in achieving SDG 3 are deteriorated health care system , political instability and lack of coordination and communication among different executive sectors.

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8) The social determinants include staff shortage in health sector, poor economic and environmental conditions, lack of educated individuals.

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Answer lack of access to quality healthcare

Impact of environmental factors, like air pollution and noise pollution. And mental health challenges are also major issues

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Fragmented coordination between sectors (housing, sanitation, health) is a significant systemic barrier to achieving SDG 3.

Social determinants of health, such as:

1. Poverty and limited employment opportunities

2. Environmental insecurity (e.g., lack of clean water)

3. Inadequate housing and living conditions exacerbate poor health outcomes in this population by increasing vulnerability to NCDs, maternal complications, and limited access to healthcare.

These determinants intersect with health factors, perpetuating health disparities and poor outcomes. Addressing these social determinants is crucial for improving health equity.

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1. The system barriers that prevent the achievement of sgd 3 are smoking, eating ultra processed food and limited physical activity 

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1. The system barriers that prevent the achievement of sgd 3 are smoking, eating ultra processed food and limited physical activity 

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8.Social determinants plays a major role in exacerbating poor outcomes such as the clinics are under staffed, under resourced, unable to offer preventive services and to make a follow up if it

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1.) Changing Life’s

2.) Influencing people in a positive way

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7. How can health promotion be tailored to this community?

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7. How can health promotion be tailored to this community?

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Use trusted messengers: Partner with local leaders, religious institutions, and TBAs.

Culturally adapted materials: Use visuals, storytelling, and local languages.

Community participation: Involve residents in developing and delivering health messages to build ownership.

Behavioral economics tactics: Use nudges like community competitions for steps walked, healthy meals, etc.

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Some of the barriers are polictical instability,fragmented coordination between health sectors .

Answer7.

By providing good health services like PHC and health care team,

By providing employement and proper education to the society

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1.) Inequities

2.) Conflicts

3.) Lack of Resources

4.) Lack of policy making

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What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

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What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

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Inequality

Social exclusion

Lack of access to essential health services

Environmental factors

Health disparities

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1. What systemic barriers hinder progress toward SDG 3 in this context?

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1. What systemic barriers hinder progress toward SDG 3 in this context?

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Fragmented services: Limited coordination between health, housing, sanitation, and education sectors weakens overall health system response.

Inadequate health infrastructure: Clinics lack staff, equipment, and resources to provide consistent preventive or follow-up care.

Lack of digital systems: Without electronic health records, continuity of care is compromised.

Urban poverty: Poor living conditions, insecure employment, and limited access to essentials drive poor health outcomes.

Cultural disconnects: Health campaigns often fail to connect due to differences in language, literacy, or local practices.

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1. What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

Several structural challenges are impeding progress toward SDG 3 in this community:

Weak Health System Capacity: Local clinics face severe shortages in staff and resources, limiting their ability to provide consistent preventive and primary care. The lack of electronic health records further complicates patient follow-up and coordinated treatment.

Poor Cross-Sector Collaboration: Although policies supporting universal health coverage exist, the lack of integration between sectors such as health, housing, and sanitation prevents comprehensive and effective responses to health needs.

Political Instability: Unstable governance undermines health system planning and the execution of essential public health policies and programs.

Limited Focus on Prevention: Health services tend to be reactive rather than preventive, which limits early intervention efforts for chronic diseases and maternal health issues.

Shortage of Trained Personnel: The scarcity of qualified health professionals restricts access to essential services, especially in maternal and non-communicable disease care, affecting progress on key SDG 3 targets.

8.What role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcomes in this population?

Social determinants significantly influence the health outcomes of this community:

Economic Hardship: Irregular and low-income employment forces residents to depend on inexpensive, unhealthy food options, contributing to the rising burden of non-communicable diseases.

Unsafe Living Conditions: Environmental challenges limit opportunities for physical activity and increase exposure to health risks, affecting overall well-being.

Low Health Literacy: Limited education and access to reliable health information reduce the effectiveness of public health messages and hinder informed health choices.

Gender Disparities in Health Access: Women face barriers to quality maternal care, often relying on untrained providers, which increases the risk of complications and mortality.

Barriers to Healthcare Access: Financial and logistical obstacles, combined with an under-resourced healthcare system, delay treatment and reduce the likelihood of positive health outcomes.

Together, these factors create a cycle of poor health and inequality, obstructing progress toward achieving the goals outlined in SDG 3.

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Question 1. What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

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Question 1. What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

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Several systemic barriers hinder progress toward SDG 3:

• Fragmented governance and policy implementation: Despite existing UHC policies, political instability and poor coordination between sectors (health, housing, sanitation) limit their impact.

• Under-resourced healthcare infrastructure: Local clinics lack staff, equipment, and preventive services, making consistent, quality care inaccessible.

• Lack of health information systems: Without electronic health records, continuity of care and monitoring of NCDs or maternal outcomes are nearly impossible.

• Limited preventive health services: Focus remains on acute care rather than addressing root causes or promoting long-term health behaviors.

• Inadequate health workforce: Shortage of trained professionals, especially in underserved areas, reduces access to skilled care and health education.

Question 2. What role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcomes in this population?

Social determinants of health significantly worsen health outcomes in this informal settlement:

Poverty and unstable employment: Long working hours and financial insecurity lead to poor diet, stress, and reduced healthcare access.

Low education and health literacy: Residents may not understand or prioritize preventive behaviors due to limited health knowledge.

Poor living conditions: Lack of clean water, safe spaces, and adequate housing increases disease risk and limits physical activity.

Gender inequality and maternal health access: Women face greater barriers to prenatal care and rely on unlicensed attendants, increasing maternal complications.

Environmental insecurity: Unsafe surroundings reduce mobility, contributing to sedentary lifestyles and chronic disease risk.

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Social determinants of health significantly exacerbate poor health outcomes in communities by influencing a wide range of factors that impact an individual's well-being throughout their life. These determinants, including income, education, housing, and social support, create unequal opportunities and expose individuals to various health risks, leading to disparities in health status. 

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Social determinants of health significantly exacerbate poor health outcomes in communities by influencing a wide range of factors that impact an individual's well-being throughout their life. These determinants, including income, education, housing, and social support, create unequal opportunities and expose individuals to various health risks, leading to disparities in health status. 

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What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting? - the shortage of staff , low resources, no health records

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1. What systemic barriers exist that prevent the achievement of SDG 3 in this setting?

Poor health infrastructure: Clinics are understaffed and lack equipment, so people don’t get proper care or follow-up.

Fragmented coordination – The Health, housing, and sanitation sectors don’t work together effectively.

Poverty and informal jobs – Residents work long hours and can’t prioritize health or afford healthy choices.

Weak policy implementation – Government health plans exist but are not applied well due to political issues.

Lack of health data – No electronic records means health workers can’t track patient progress or plan services.

8. What role do social determinants of health play in exacerbating poor outcomes in this population?

Low income limits access to healthy food, medicine, and care.

Unsafe housing and poor sanitation increase disease risk and stress.

Low education levels make it harder to understand or act on health advice.

Insecure environments prevent physical activity and increase violence or injury risk.

Gender roles may stop women from getting timely maternal care.

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Do we need to type our answers here please? 

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Do we need to type our answers here please? 

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As a healthcare professional, my role is generally involves promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness or injury.

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As a nurse my role is to educate individuals and communities,i will educate patients, families and practices disease prevention and sustainable living

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As a public health professional I will promote health, prevent disease, and improve community education and policy advocacy.

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As a nursing practice student, I will strive to acquire knowledge, professional skills in nursing, and the significance of sustainable development, in order to prepare myself for future clinical work.

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As a nursing practice student, I will strive to acquire knowledge, professional skills in nursing, and the significance of sustainable development, in order to prepare myself for future clinical work.

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improve the health of the population through research, policy making, health promotion and other programs

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Nurses plays a major role in sustainability as they promotes health and ensuring community well being. By using sustainability principles nurses are providing all aspects of care.

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Nurses plays a major role in sustainability as they promotes health and ensuring community well being. By using sustainability principles nurses are providing all aspects of care.

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I might be able to do some structures or plans regarding sustainability for environment and society to improve community health.

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I might be able to do some structures or plans regarding sustainability for environment and society to improve community health.

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Nurses have a major position in sustainable care. Nurses provide a healing environment to the patients. Nurses also promotes sustainable practices which gives a better outcome in health sector.

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Nurses have a major position in sustainable care. Nurses provide a healing environment to the patients. Nurses also promotes sustainable practices which gives a better outcome in health sector.

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As a healthcare professional, my role is to care for individuals and communities by promoting health, preventing illness, and supporting recovery.

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maintain health systems, policies, and programs to maintain and improve the health of populations over the long term,without exhausting resources, harming the environment, or creating social inequalities.

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maintain health systems, policies, and programs to maintain and improve the health of populations over the long term,without exhausting resources, harming the environment, or creating social inequalities.

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prevent future health crises

(pandemics, antibiotics resistance)

reduce long term healthcare costs

improve quality of life

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As a nursing student, I support sustainability by reducing waste, conserving resources, promoting health education, advocating for equitable care, and applying environmentally responsible practices in both academic and clinical settings.

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As a nursing student, I support sustainability by reducing waste, conserving resources, promoting health education, advocating for equitable care, and applying environmentally responsible practices in both academic and clinical settings.

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My role is to reduce the causes of ill_health through health protection actin for food, infectious diseases.

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My role is to reduce the causes of ill_health through health protection actin for food, infectious diseases.

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As a Nurse I will be able to provide appropriate and good care to the patients without any inequality and discrimination. As a human being I'm able to reduce the wastes,conserve energy, resources, provide health education and other educations to the community regarding SDGs.

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As a registered Nurse, I believe that we certainly can help in sustainability by reducing the uneccearry consumption of clinical resources. We can educate the patients and their families to promote green practices and the importance using of recycled products in today's world. 

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As a registered Nurse, I believe that we certainly can help in sustainability by reducing the uneccearry consumption of clinical resources. We can educate the patients and their families to promote green practices and the importance using of recycled products in today's world. 

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As a Public Health Person , i want to join the rest of my colleagues all round the globe in policy making decisions particularly in Health promotion and prevention

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As a Nurse, I can educate and support my colleagues and the general public regarding the importance of sustainability and practice the methods to maintain sustainability in my care.

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As a public health student my role involves learning to address health issues at a population level, focusing on prevention, promotion, and improving health outcomes.

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As a nurse we are a responsible citizen. So we should 

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As a nurse we are a responsible citizen. So we should 

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Reduce waste - using reusable equipment , avoid overuse

Conserve resources- turning of machines , using water consciously

Educate ourselves and others.

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Nurses emphasizes the importance of minimizing the environmental impact of healthcare while improving the quality of care, resource efficiency, and promoting sustainable practices.

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Nurses emphasizes the importance of minimizing the environmental impact of healthcare while improving the quality of care, resource efficiency, and promoting sustainable practices.

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As a nurse, my role is to be the front-line caregiver. I can accurately observe and record patients’ symptoms and conditions, promptly report any changes to the medical team.

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Some of the key roles play in sustainability

For example: A nurse can educate patients and communities to avoid environmental risks and health impacts.At same time a nurse can also advocate policies that support sustainability.

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As a public health student I can contribute to sustainability by creating awareness in the community

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As a nurse my role is to promote health through health education, prevent disease, involve in vaccination initiatives to prevent communicable disease and community engagement.

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As a nurse my role is to promote health through health education, prevent disease, involve in vaccination initiatives to prevent communicable disease and community engagement.

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Public health efforts focus on reducing pollution, improving air and water quality, and addressing climate change to prevent diseases caused by environmental factors.

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As a PH role is Prevention – promoting health and preventing disease by tackling the causes and inequalities. Patient self care – empowering patients to take a greater role in managing their own health and healthcare. Lean service delivery – streamlining care systems to minimise wasteful activities.

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As a PH role is Prevention – promoting health and preventing disease by tackling the causes and inequalities. Patient self care – empowering patients to take a greater role in managing their own health and healthcare. Lean service delivery – streamlining care systems to minimise wasteful activities.

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Advocating for eco-friendly healthcare policies.

Educating others about the link between health and the environment.

Reducing Waste in healthcare settings.

Researching sustainable health solutions.

Engaging

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As a nurse, we can conduct relevant sureveys and plan health education programs , poster presentations , seminars based on  the result, both in hospitals, as well as in communities besides a medical camp can also be arranged with the help of other health care team. Also we can spread awareness in online platforms 

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As a nurse, we can conduct relevant sureveys and plan health education programs , poster presentations , seminars based on  the result, both in hospitals, as well as in communities besides a medical camp can also be arranged with the help of other health care team. Also we can spread awareness in online platforms 

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3 P in Public Health -

Promoting, Preventing and Protection

Using different methods of epidemiology to identify the roots and causes of the diseases.

Making policies that each and every individual can afford.

Protecting environment by using recycled products.

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Educate patients about healthy environment 

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Educate patients about healthy environment 

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As a Public Health student, I believe sustainability is not just an environmental issue, it is a health issue. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, and the communities we live in are all deeply affected by how we care for our planet. My role in sustainability is to be a voice for the vulnerable, a bridge between science and society, and an advocate for a healthier, more equitable future.

Through my education and training, I am learning how prevention, education, and community empowerment can reduce the burden of disease and promote healthier environments. I am committed to promoting sustainable practices in healthcare, supporting clean and safe living conditions, and educating communities on how everyday actions affect long-term well-being. By embracing simple actions like reducing waste, supporting clean energy, and promoting public awareness, I aim to make a lasting impact, starting where I am, with what I have. Sustainability begins with responsibility, and I choose to take that responsibility seriously, for the health of today’s world and the generations to come.

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As a nursing student i can provide health education to patients regarding communicable disease , maintain proper disposal of waste, keeping professional standards according to the guidelines

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Grow more in the garden, composting wasted food, recycling more, turning off lights that are not needed. Putting clothes out in the line instead of using the dryer to save electricity

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as a nurse it’s our responsibility to provide proper knowledge and use of resources to the society.

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As a health professionals we can promoting preventive health,like diet,physical activity and mental health well-being.Educating patients to make health choices 

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As a health professionals we can promoting preventive health,like diet,physical activity and mental health well-being.Educating patients to make health choices 

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As a public health officer, I would want to encourage and create awareness of quality education, reduced inequalities, and poverty

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To find strategies for improving health outcomes as a Public health student

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To find strategies for improving health outcomes as a Public health student

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My role is to study and address environmental health risks like pollution and climate change. I can help by raising awareness, promoting sustainability, and supporting policies that protect clean air, water, and communities.  

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My role is to study and address environmental health risks like pollution and climate change. I can help by raising awareness, promoting sustainability, and supporting policies that protect clean air, water, and communities.  

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Promote health life style, increase health awareness so people have a better health culture

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As nursing student we should promote healthcare facilities for the betterment of future

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As nursing student we should promote healthcare facilities for the betterment of future

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As health professionals, we should create health awareness,by using various digital technology

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As health professionals, we should create health awareness,by using various digital technology

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Health education

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A public health professional works to prevent diseases, promote healthy lifestyles, and ensure access to healthcare for all

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A public health professional works to prevent diseases, promote healthy lifestyles, and ensure access to healthcare for all

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