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                      Estuary and Cockney English...

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                      Estuary and Cockney English...

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have become two alternative accents rather than RP.

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                                  Estuary English

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                                  Estuary English

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is half-way between RP and Cockney pronunciation. That is, it is a conjunction of non-regional and local south-east English accent.
Coogle and Rosewarne defined  EE as a neutral phenomenon.

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How to Do an Estuary Accent | Accent Training

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Estuary English  was born in the 70´s as a consequence of the growth of comprehesive state schools.

Many of the  individuals who were students in that period are today prestigious politics, sportsmen, media personalities, powerful bussiness and finance men, as well as successful linguists. In addition, Prince Edward, Queen Elizabeth´s youngest son is a typical Estuary Ensligh speaker.

According to Rosewarne, Estuary English accent is mainly  the result of geographical and social factors.

For many RP speakers, EE is regarded as a working-class accent. However,  even the lower middle classes use it ,as well.

Since1993, it has been preferred for commercial purposes.

It offers some benefits for Eastern speakers mainly. However, it also has some disadvantages like it cotains more homophones than those present in RP

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EE is vastly met throughout the south and the southeast of England, especially among young people in public life.

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Its main phonetics and phonological  characteristics are:

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Its main phonetics and phonological  characteristics are:

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a) happY-tensing: using a sound more like to the  /i:/ of beat than to the /i/ of bit at the end of words such as valley, happy, etc. Weak vowel /i/ can be explained in diverse  ways accorgin to the speaker´s accent. In strong syllables we need to discriminate  the tense long /i:/ form the lax short /i/.
b) vocalization of /l/: the l-sound is in particular positions like /w/.
c) the glotaling of /f/: it is using the glottal stop which isn´t the same as eliminating the t-sound.
d) yod coalescence: using a ch-sound instead of t-sound plus a y-sound.
e) Diphthong shift.
f) Realisation of /r/.
g) Phonic prepositions.
h) Tone and pitch features.
i) GOAT allophony

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The expression "cockney" has had diverse geographical, social and linguistic connections.

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The expression "cockney" has had diverse geographical, social and linguistic connections.

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- Originally, it was a rude term associated to Bow-bell Cockneys residents.
-It was used by London's East End or by Londoners working-class. However, it was also aquired by criminals who enjoyed when individuals from other social spectrum were not able to understand their speech.
_By the 1970s and 1980s, many features of cockney English had become part of general South East English speech, giving growth to a variant named Estuary English.
-The Cockney accent was regarded as a substandard, uneducated and vulgar manner of speaking. "The Cockneys were considered stupid, poor and uneducated themselves ".(Bähr 1974: 108).
-However, today it seems that this perception of the popular culture accent has been recasted. Films such as Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, Snatch  and music by The Streets promote the Cockney accent.

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The contemporary meaning of cockney comes from its use among rural Englishmen  in 1520.

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The contemporary meaning of cockney comes from its use among rural Englishmen  in 1520.

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          Characteristics of the Cockney accent:

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          Characteristics of the Cockney accent:

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*VOWELS:

- RP and Cockney,  use similar vowel inventory. "The characteristic that distinguishes the accents from one another is a Cockney vowel shift that primarily affects the long vowels and diphthongs". (Bähr 1974: 109).

- Cockney speakers tend to use vocalic extremes that are closer to the cardinal vowels than the RP phonemes.
- Its speakers hardly ever use their lips when talking.
- Cockney replaces /i:/ and /u;/ with closing diphthongs.
- Cockney does not use closed long vowels.

*GLOTTALLING:
-In Cockney accent, the glottal stop is produced by a complete closure of the epiglottis resulting in an abrupt stopping of the stream of sound.(Matthews 1938: 80).
- It is principally  known for its allophonic usage for the phoneme /t/.
- The phonemes /p/ and /k/ are realised as glottal stops when standing intervocalically or in final position.
-The phoneme /f/ can only be substituted by a glottal stop if it occurs  in final position.

*H DROPPING:
Cockneys usually omit an /h/ if in frontal position.

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In the first E-Lecture of the series "English in England" we discussed the central aspects of England's leading phonological dialect, Received Pronunciation. And we mentioned the problems connected with RP. This E-Lecture focuses on Estuary English, an often mentioned popular alternative to RP, and discusses the differences between RP, EE and another reference variatey, Cockney English.

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Learn the Cockney accent with Jason Statham

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*“Me” is used instead of “my”: “She has my coat!” becomes “She ‘as me weasel !” This cannot be used when “my” is emphasized.
*Ain’t: is used instead of the proper negative forms: isn’t, not, etc. “That ain’t righ’, wot ‘e’s saiyin’.” (“That’s not right, what he’s saying.”)
*Use of double negatives: “I didn’t see nuffink”.

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                                   Conclusion: 

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                                   Conclusion: 

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Not many years ago, RP accent used to be a prestigious model of English in England spoken by well-educated, wealth individuals. Although at present times it is still recognized, it is no longer spoken by a large average of individuals  since two other accents have powerfully emmerged.
On the one hand, Cockney English accent originally considered as an uncultivated way of speaking by the working- class has gained great importance in different local areas nowadays.
On the other hand, the Estuary English accent is a neutral mixture between the PR and Cockney pronunciations. In addition, the differences between the original RP and EE are not relavant enough.
For this reason, there is a great chance for Estuary English to debunk the standard Engish pronunciation and become the next  British English accent.

Resources taken from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary_English
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockney
http://www.encyclopedia.com/literature-and-arts/language-linguistics-and-literary-terms/language-and-linguistics/cockney

http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/63070/cockney-its-characteristics-and-its-influence-on-present-day-english
https://vivavictorians.wordpress.com/2011/11/24/what-is-cockney/