# data[].attributes.body
План нашего занятия:

Задание 1. Послушай аудиозапись "How do pets navigate?" и выполни задания к нему.

Задания 2. Прочитай текст и выполни задания к нему.

Задание 3. Посмотри видео и ответь на вопросы к нему.

Задания 4-6. Выполни контрольные упражнения

Время реализации урока: 45 минут.

# data[].attributes.headline
График консультаций

# data[].attributes.subject
График консультаций

# data[].attributes.body
ПН-14.00-15.00
ПТ - 15.30-16.30

# data[].attributes.headline
3.Watch the video and write down all the animals you've seen

# data[].attributes.subject
3.Watch the video and write down all the animals you've seen

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sing TRAILER 1 (2016) - Scarlett Johansson, Matthew McConaughey Animated Movie HD

# data[].attributes.headline
1.Listen to the dialogue between Neil and Dan

# data[].attributes.subject
1.Listen to the dialogue between Neil and Dan

# data[].attributes.body
We hear stories about pets who manage to find their way home, even across hundreds of miles? How do they do it? Neil and Dan explore some of the theories.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
We hear stories about pets who manage to find their way home, even across hundreds of miles? How do they do it? Neil and Dan explore some of the theories in this episode of 6 Minute English.

This week's question:

How long is Omar, believed to be the world's longest cat?

a) 120 cm

b) 80 cm

c) 180 cm

Listen to the programme to find out the answer.

Vocabulary

a (cat) person
someone who likes or prefers (cats)

to scratch your head (about something)
to be confused (about something)

landmark
something which is easily recognisable and helps you find your way

magnet
a piece of metal which attracts certain metals

systematic
done according to a system

territory
the area an animal controls

Transcript

Note: This is not a word for word transcript

Neil
Welcome to 6 Minute English, the programme where we bring you an interesting topic and six useful words or phrases. I'm Neil.

Dan
And I'm Dan. Today we're talking about one of the last mysteries of science. No, not if the universe will keep expanding forever, but this: how do cats and dogs find their way home over long distances?

Neil
We hear incredible stories of lost pets travelling tens and even hundreds of miles home - but scientists struggle to explain how they do it.

a) 120 cm

b) 80 cm

Or c) 180 cm

Dan
I'm gonna say c) 180 cm.

Neil
Birds use it to help them navigate over thousands of miles - it tells them where north is. It's thought they have some iron in their beaks.

Dan
But some scientists think mammals also have this capability.

Dan
Let's hear from cat and dog expert Dr John Bradshaw. How do cats build up the maps in their heads?

Dr John Bradshaw, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol
What they do when they are in a new territory is explore it in a very systematic way. So they will go out in ever-increasing circles, they'll literally construct a mental map in their heads. And so a cat that's lost its territory probably does the same thing. They'll rely on the idea that if they go out in ever-increasing circles or rectangles then eventually they'll either come across the territory or they'll come across a smell carried on the wind of the territory that they used to live in and then be able to go home.

Yes - a mental map is a map in your head - stored in your memory. And the area cats explore - their home area - is called their territory. Cats are territorial - which means their territory is very important to them.

Neil
When there is a scientific breakthrough - we'll bring it to you in 6 Minute English, I hope. For now, let's content ourselves with Omar, possibly, the world's longest cat. How long, Dan?

Dan
I said 180 cm.

Neil
Omar measures 120 cm - that's over two thirds of my height - and weighs a heavy 14 kg.

Dan
Well, one thing, Neil, if Omar ever got lost, he'd be found in no time.

He's a landmark in himself! Which reminds me - let's run through today's words again. If you're a cat person, you prefer cats. If you're an evening person - you prefer evenings.

Dan
I've always thought you were a kind person, Neil.

Neil
Nice of you to say, but we only use the phrase with nouns, not adjectives!

And can we say the parks are magnets in summer? A magnet is a piece of metal that attracts iron and steel - but we can also use the word more widely to describe things that attract other things. Two more words: territory is a noun - the area of land that an animal considers to be its own.

And finally systematic: the adjective from system. We can talk about a systematic approach, a systematic solution, a systematic study...

Neil
Check us out on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube, and of course bbclearningenglish.com!

Dan
Bye bye for now.

Neil
Goodbye!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / How do pets navigate?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We hear stories about pets who manage to find their way home, even across hundreds of miles? How do they do it? Neil and Dan explore some of the theories in this episode of 6 Minute English. How long is Omar, believed to be the world's longest cat?

# data[].attributes.body
1) Find all the words in the word-cloud and translate them.
2) Make up a short story about your favourite animal.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The recent popularity of "designer" dogs, cats, micro-pigs and other pets may seem to suggest that pet keeping is no more than a fad. Indeed, it is often assumed that pets are a Western affectation, a weird relic of the working animals kept by communities of the past.

About half of the households in Britain alone include some kind of pet; roughly 10 million of those are dogs, while cats make up another 10 million. Pets cost time and money, and nowadays bring little in the way of material benefits. But during the 2008 financial crisis, spending on pets remained almost unaffected, which suggests that for most owners pets are not a luxury but an integral and deeply loved part of the family.

Some people are into pets, however, while others simply aren't interested. Why is this the case? It is highly probable that our desire for the company of animals actually goes back tens of thousands of years and has played an important part in our evolution. If so, then genetics might help explain why a love of animals is something some people just don't get.
The health question
In recent times, much attention has been devoted to the notion that keeping a dog (or possibly a cat) can benefit the owner's health in multiple ways - reducing the risk of heart disease, combating loneliness, and alleviating depression and the symptoms of depression and dementia.

As I explore in my new book, there are two problems with these claims. First, there are a similar number of studies that suggest that pets have no or even a slight negative impact on health. Second, pet owners don't live any longer than those who have never entertained the idea of having an animal about the house, which they should if the claims were true. And even if they were real, these supposed health benefits only apply to today's stressed urbanites, not their hunter-gatherer ancestors, so they cannot be considered as the reason that we began keeping pets in the first place.

The urge to bring animals into our homes is so widespread that it's tempting to think of it as a universal feature of human nature, but not all societies have a tradition of pet-keeping. Even in the West there are plenty of people who feel no particular affinity for animals, whether pets or not.

The pet-keeping habit often runs in families: this was once ascribed to children coming to imitate their parents' lifestyles when they leave home, but recent research has suggested that it also has a genetic basis. Some people, whatever their upbringing, seem predisposed to seek out the company of animals, others less so.

So the genes that promote pet-keeping may be unique to humans, but they are not universal, suggesting that in the past some societies or individuals - but not all - thrived due to an instinctive rapport with animals.
Pet DNA
The DNA of today's domesticated animals reveals that each species separated from its wild counterpart between 15,000 and 5,000 years ago, in the late Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods. Yes, this was also when we started breeding livestock. But it is not easy to see how this could have been achieved if those first dogs, cats, cattle and pigs were treated as mere commodities.

If this were so, the technologies available would have been inadequate to prevent unwanted interbreeding of domestic and wild stock, which in the early stages would have had ready access to one another, endlessly diluting the genes for "tameness" and thus slowing further domestication to a crawl - or even reversing it. Also, periods of famine would also have encouraged the slaughter of the breeding stock, locally wiping out the "tame" genes entirely.

But if at least some of these early domestic animals had been treated as pets, physical containment within human habitations would have prevented wild males from having their way with domesticated females; special social status, as afforded to some extant hunter-gatherer pets, would have inhibited their consumption as food. Kept isolated in these ways, the new semi-domesticated animals would have been able to evolve away from their ancestors' wild ways, and become the pliable beasts we know today.

The very same genes that today predispose some people to take on their first cat or dog would have spread among those early farmers. Groups which included people with empathy for animals and an understanding of animal husbandry would have flourished at the expense of those without, who would have had to continue to rely on hunting to obtain meat. Why doesn't everyone feel the same way? Probably because at some point in history the alternative strategies of stealing domestic animals or enslaving their human carers became viable.

There's a final twist to this story: recent studies have shown that affection for pets goes hand-in-hand with concern for the natural world. It seems that people can be roughly divided into those that feel little affinity for animals or the environment, and those who are predisposed to delight in both, adopting pet-keeping as one of the few available outlets in today's urbanised society.

As such, pets may help us to reconnect with the world of nature from which we evolved.
John Bradshaw is a visiting fellow in anthrozoology, at the University of Bristol. This article first appeared on The Conversation (theconversation.com)
Reuse content

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The science behind why some people love animals and others couldn't care less

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The recent popularity of "designer" dogs, cats, micro-pigs and other pets may seem to suggest that pet keeping is no more than a fad. Indeed, it is often assumed that pets are a Western affectation, a weird relic of the working animals kept by communities of the past.

# data[].attributes.headline
Твоя успеваемость

# data[].attributes.subject
Твоя успеваемость