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There is a wide range of different disabilities but the one thing they all have in common is that it can be difficult for one to express how they feel and their thoughts to another.

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Speech disorders can cause people to have trouble forming correct speech sounds. One example of a speech disorder is dysarthria. Dysarthria is a speech disorder caused by muscle weakness and you can develop this by severe injuries or diseases. (I am currently writing a paper on what speech-language pathologists can do for people with dysarthria in English!) Now as for language disabilities, makes it hard for someone to understand what others are saying and expressing thoughts. One common type of language disabilities is stuttering.

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Previously mentioned, dysarthria is a speech disorder that effects the lips, tongue, vocal cords, and diaphragm. Overall, the symptoms for dysarthria change the way you speak. Treatment can be provided by speech-language pathologists by preforming drills to help with speech fluency.

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There are different types of dysarthria but the common signs of dysarthria include...
- slurred speech
- robotic or choppy speech
- difficulty moving the jaw, lips, or tongue

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When talking...
- unable to think of what to say
- having a hard time speaking in sentences
- switching sounds in words
When understanding...
- having trouble understanding what people are saying
- not able to understand some jokes
When reading & writing...
- having trouble spelling and writing sentences
- trouble with math

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SLPs will evaluate somebody with dysarthria to find out what treatment would be beneficial. Treatment is based on what type of dysarthria you have and how severe it is. Basic evaluations will conduct of an SLP listening to basic words and sentences. Tests will also be done to make sure how well one can understand/talk. From a YouTube video I watched for research, SLP Ambia Cail presents how evaluations would be done. Mrs. Cail had her patient repeat the word "petca" as fast as she could until stopped. Results from evaluations will be considered into treatment.

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- slowing down speech
- working on projecting the voice (speaking louder)
- finding more ways to communicate to others
- work on making the muscles in the mouth stronger

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Aphasia is a language disorder that can be formed by a brain injury. This one kind of hits close to home, my dad suffered a traumatic brain injury in December of 2018 after being hit by a drunk driver; also causing him to be paraplegic. My dad often has trouble understanding, speaking, reading and writing which are all signs of aphasia. (According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association). Every time I talk to him on the phone, I can barley understand what he's saying. He also has some memory loss and often forgets what day it is, what he had for dinner, and where we used to live. However his memory has gotten much better, when the brain injury was fresh he didn't know who I was or my name. I am so interested about this kind of stuff because I feel like I have a little bit of experience with it!

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Treatments will vary on the severity but SLPs will provide help on getting where someone needs to be. SLPs also provide sessions with family so they can help you use the skills you need to succeed.

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To test for aphasia, an SLP will have the patient say certain words, name objects, and describe pictures. Patients will also have to read a short story and answer questions about them. SLPs test your speech and language skills to determine what might be the issue.

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https://www.asha.org/news/2020/how-to-help-children-with-speech-and-language-disorders-in-virtual-and-modified-in-person-classroom-settings/

Tips for parents (with the new school year)
- parents making sure teachers understand what type of accommodations are necessary for their child to succeed
- for virtual school; making sure that the student is in quiet spot where they might not get distracted and are comfortable in
- if necessary, ask the teacher if it's possible to use breakout rooms for smaller groups
- for in person school; have your child practice talking to the teacher if they're not feeling well or need to use the restroom
- if your child has problems wearing masks, have them practice wearing a mask for a long period of time to build up tolerance

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Accommodations for speech and language disorders

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Accommodations for speech and language disorders

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Some accommodations in school might be
- seating in front of the class
- extended time on tests/quizzes
- separate setting testing

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SLPs can teach people who have speech and language disabilities other ways to communicate with peers/family members more efficiently.

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American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2013). Distinguishing perceptual characteristics and physiologic findings by Dysarthria Type. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Retrieved September 30, 2021, from https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/distinguishing-perceptual-characteristics/.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2020). ASHA: How to Help Children With Speech and Language Disorders in Virtual and Modified In-Person Classroom Settings. ASHA. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.asha.org/news/2020/how-to-help-children-with-speech-and-language-disorders-in-virtual-and-modified-in-person-classroom-settings/

Dysarthria & Speech: Symptoms, causes, treatments. Cleveland Clinic. (2020). Retrieved September 30, 2021, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17653-dysarthria.

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http://www.education.udel.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/LanguageDisorders.pdf

Tips for teachers
- keep unwanted noises out of the students bathroom
- avoid drawing attention to or correcting errors the student makes
- encourage the child to communicate in any way possible