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The Pacific Alliance is a trade bloc that aims to become the largest in Latin America. It is composed of four countries: Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The Alliance was formed following the Lima Declaration, which was signed on 28 April 2011, when Peru’s president at the time, Alan Garcia, took the initiative to invite his counterparts from Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Panama to deepen the integration between these economies and define joint action for trade ties with Asia Pacific, on the basis of existing bilateral trade agreements between the parties.

NAME: NAZIRAH BINTI JUMANI
MATRIC NUMBER: BA18110459

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Mercosur: Its Administrative and Socioeconomic. 

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Mercosur: Its Administrative and Socioeconomic. 

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NAME: NOOR NIDZAM IKHMAL BIN NOOR AHAMD

MATRIX: BA18110630
The Administrative Office will store records and publish the Mercosur official bulletin in both Portuguese and Spanish. It will also be responsible for communicating the Common Market Group's activities in order to ensure full transparency of decisions and related documentation. The Socioeconomic Advisory Forum is advisory in nature and represents the member countries' in various socioeconomic sectors.

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A European Health Insurance Card is available to all citizens of the European Union, as well as citizens of other large European countries that have not been members of the EU. The idea is that all people, independently among which European country they live in, would also have access to the health care they need whether they need it.

NAME: NURAZYATI SYARRINA BINTI AHMAD NASIR
MATRIC NUMBER: BA18110579

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Adakah Trans-Pasific Partnership Agreement bagus untuk negara membangun ?

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Adakah Trans-Pasific Partnership Agreement bagus untuk negara membangun ?

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TPPA :  Trans-Pasific Partnership Agreemant

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), juga disebut Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, adalah perjanjian perdagangan yang diusulkan kepada Australia, Brunei, Kanada, Chile, Jepun, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapura, Vietnam, dan Amerika syarikat .Terdapat beberapa buah negara besar yang telah menandatangani perjanjian ini pada 4 Februari 2016. Setelah presiden AS yang baru dipilih Donald Trump keluar dari perjanjian TPP pada bulan Januari 2017, perjanjian itu tidak dapat disahkan sebagaimana yang dikehendaki dan tidak berkuatkuasa. Negara-negara yang tersisa merundingkan perjanjian perdagangan baru yang disebut Perjanjian Komprehensif dan Progresif untuk Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik, yang menggabungkan sebahagian besar ketentuan TPP dan yang mulai berlaku pada 30 Disember 2018.

Fakta :

Negara-negara membangun seperti Malaysia dan negara Asean yang lain banyak yang tidak mahu atau berani untuk menandatangani perjanjian TPPA itu kerana bimbang yang produk tempatan tidak mampu bersaing dengan produk import atau produk luar yang lain.  Hal ini kerana, perjanjian TPP adalah perjanjian yang membolehkan negara ahli berdagang ecara bebas cukai di dalam pasaran negara ahli yang lain, perkara ini membuatkan negara-negara membangun seperti Malaysia akan tidak dapat bersaing  dengan negara-negara maju dan besar yang lain dalam aspek pengeluaran produk, kerana secara kualitinya, produk-produk import dari negara luar jauh lebih berkualiti dan diminati oleh rakyat Malaysia sendiri, ini membuatkan negara membangun seperti Malaysia tidak akan mendapat hasil dari cukai barangan import kerana perjanjian TPP tersebut.

Nama : Mohd Safwan Bin Biwari

No. Matrik : BA18110611

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European Economic Area (EEA)
Fact about:
The EEA agreement which enter force on 1 January 1994 and brings together the EU member state and the three EEA EFTA states which is Iceland,Liechtenstein and Norway.
EEA agreements about the equality rights and obligations within the Internal Market Individuals and economic.
The EEA agreement also states that the country becomes a member of the European Union, and it shall apply to become party to the EEA agreement.
The EEA provides for inclusion of EU legislation the four freedoms throughout the 30 EEA states;
-the free movement of goods,
-services
-person
-capital
The EEA agreement also covers cooperation in other important areas such as;
-research and development,
-education,
-social policy,
-the environment,
-consumer protection
-tourism
-culture
All this above collectively known as "flanking and horizontal".

NAMA: NUR ' ADIBA IZZATI BT ARIFA
NO MATRIK: BA18110547

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What is an FTA?

Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is an international agreement established between two or more countries to reduce or eliminate trade barriers and achieve closer economic integration.

- Malaysia is an open economy with a small domestic market. For Malaysian companies, it is very important to go beyond our borders, explore more opportunities and expand the market. The free trade agreement (FTA) signed by the Malaysian government can help companies export. Free trade agreements help strengthen our competitive advantage, increase investor confidence, and to a large extent establish Malaysia’s economic sustainability. Malaysia has already signed and implemented 7 bilateral FTAs with Japan, Pakistan, India, New Zealand, Chile, Australia, and Turkey. While at the ASEAN level, Malaysia has 6 regional FTAs with ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), China, Korea, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and India.

How can FTAs help our business?
-FTA provides lower or zero tariffs (tariff concessions) for the import and export of goods and components allocated under the FTA. This will make the product more competitive compared with the import and export of non-free trade agreement partner countries
-More relaxation or removal of quantitative import restrictions
-Easy custom program
-Improve market access for various services
-Easier access for investors

Name : NURSYAHANAZ BINTI AB WAHAB
No. Matric : BA18110584

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Facts:
1. Arab League's principle criteria for membership is language.
- with the exception of Lebanon - of the Arab League countries also have an overwhelming majority of Muslim citizens, the league is united by the Arabic language and not religious or ethnicity. Arab identity is complicated and is defined differently by different people, even within the Arab world.
Several members also have additional official languages besides Arabic.

2. Each Arab state has one vote when decisions are made.
- However, decisions are only binding for the countries that voted for them. Basically, each country can technically choose whether to follow the crowd or do its own thing.

RAIHANA IZYAN BINTI SUTARMONO
BA18110652

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The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

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The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

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Perjanjian Bebas Amerika Utara ataupun NAFTA merupakan perjanjian perdagangan bebas yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1994. Perjanjian ini merupakan perjanjian yang menggantikan perjanjian perdagangan bebas antara Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada (CUFTA) pada tahun 1988. NAFTA dianggotai oleh hanya tiga buah negara iaitu Amerika Syarikat, Kanada dan Mexico. Pada umumnya, sepanjang NAFTA ini diwujudkan, ia membawa keuntungan yang besar bagi setiap negara anggota. Sehinggah dikatakan ianya merupakan actor penting dalam ekonomi global. Namun semasa Donald Trump menjadi President Amerika Syarikat, Trump membuat keputusan untuk keluar daripada NAFTA kerana Trump beranggapan perjanjian yang terjalin selama lebih dari 20 tahun ini "tidak memberi apa-apa keuntungan kepada Amerika Syarikat".

NAMA: MOHD FICKRI BIN OMAR
NO. MATRIK: BA18110542

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Mercado Comn del Sur or as known as Common Market of South is a South American economic organisation between  Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Suriname.

To what extent has membership of Mercosur contributed to the 'economic development and social justice. This is because despite the recognition of a social dimension to the integration process, economic development was not accompanied by an equivalent social development through either legislation or citizens.  Discussion of the social deficit has highlighted the role of institutions in the development of Mercosur. The Inter-American Development Bank has recently concluded that 'Mercosur suffers from a juridical and institutional deficit.'  Institutions can thus be described as formal and informal rules governing economic and social behavior. They not only reflect the histories and cultures of individual countries but are endogenous to the social, economic and cultural contexts in which they operate. In conclusion, although the economic development in these countries show that there are promising figures in increased trading number, but the social development are not. There are still more to to accomplish if they want to build a better nation in the future.

Muhammad Firdaus Bin Abd Razak Ba18110356

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RCEP is a new economic agreement established in 2020 between ASEAN member states, Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, and South Korea in replacing the previous ASEAN + 1 Free Trade Agreement.

The main objective of RCEP is to facilitate the expansion of regional trade and investment and contribute to global economic growth and development. I belief that this agreement which involving large area from East Asia to Oceania region is a trade bloc that might help China to increase their economic influence within the regions.
Despite this agreement development, however, it was just recently that Australia cancelled the bilateral economic deal between Australia and China in the Memorandum of Understanding on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which was signed in October 2018. This new update pertaining to the Australia-China economic relation  seems to give me question again regarding to the effectiveness of the recent multilateral agreement of RCEP as Australia is also one of the states who signed the RCEP.

Hanif Abdurahman Siswanto
BA18271187

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Common Market of Eastern and Southern AFRICA (COMESA)

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Common Market of Eastern and Southern AFRICA (COMESA)

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COMESA is a free trade area with twenty_one member states stretching from Tunisia to Eswatini. COMESA was formed in December 1994, replacing a Preferential Trade Area which had existed since 1981. COMESA is one of the pillars of the African Economic Community. In 2008, COMESA agreed to an expanded free trade zone including members of two other African Trade bloc, the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). COMESA is also considering a common visa scheme to boost tourism.

NAME: SURIANI BINTI SITUJU
MATRIC NO. : BA18160947

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This stands for South Asia Free Trade Area. This is a proposed FTA between seven members of the Saarc group. These include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

It replaced the previous South Asia Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA), which was limited in its scope. SAFTA’s main goal is to create an intact South Asian Economic Union at the EU level. SAFTA is scheduled to be launched in January 2006 and will result in a reduction in tariffs for intra-regional trade between SAARC countries.

FUN FACT:
- Services and investment are not part of the agreement.

- This agreement can be drawn up to ensure that such investments do not endanger the domestic industries of member countries. The RTA, like the proposed SAFTA, could also be a catalyst for beneficial industrial restructuring in member states through cross-border marriages and corporate acquisitions.

- According to one estimate, SAFTA could lead to the near trebling of the proportion of intra-regional trade.

- The agreement provides  a clear recognition of the special needs of least developed country (LDCs) by allowing them to adopt concrete preferential measures in their favour on a non-reciprocal basis.

NAME: NUR FARISHA DANIA BINTI MD FOLZI @ ALHAM
MATRIC NUMBER: BA18110420

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Tahukah anda walaupun Brussels sering dikatakan sebagai ibu kota Kesatuan Eropah kerana menjadi rumah kepada majoriti institusi EU, tetapi sebenarnya EU tidak pernah mengisytiharkan Brussels sebagai ibu kota secara rasmi. Brussels dijadikan tempat untuk institusi-institusi EU kerana bandar tersebut terletak di kawasan metropolitan utama EU yang menghubungkan bandar-bandar besar lain seperti Paris, London, dan Ruhr menjadikannya mudah diakses dari pelbagai  negara anggota EU.

NAMA: SHARIFAH SYAFIQAH BINTI SHARIF ADAM
NO. MATRIK: BA18110638

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Mercado Comn del Sur, also known as Mercosul in Portuguese, is a South American regional economic organisation that is an acronym for Mercado Comum do Sul, or Common Market of the South.
Mercosur established from earlier efforts to integrate the economies of Latin America through the Latin American Free Trade Association (1960) and its successor, the Latin American Integration Association (1980) and headquartered in Montevideo, Uruguay.
Argentina and Brazil agreed in the 1988 Treaty for Integration, Cooperation, and Development to work toward the creation of a common market within ten years, and other Latin American countries were invited to participate.
Mercosur was created in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, which was signed by the heads of state of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Several other countries were later admitted as associate members, and in 2006 the presidents of the four member countries approved full membership for Venezuela, though its final ascent was blocked for years by the Paraguayan congress.

Nurain Binti Mohd Taha
BA18161090

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SEJARAH

- Ketika perjanjian AFTA ditandatangani secara rasmi, ASEAN memiliki 6 buah negara anggota iaitu Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura dan Thailand. Vietnam bergabung dengan Asean pada 1995, Laos dan Myanmar pada 1997 dan Kemboja (Kampuchea) pada 1999. AFTA sekarang terdiri dari 10 buah negara ASEAN. Keempat-empat buah negara anggota baru tersebut diwajibkan menandatangani perjanjian AFTA untuk menyertai ASEAN. Namun begitu, kelonggaran waktu telah diberi untuk memenuhi kewajiban pengurangan tarif AFTA.

MENARIK

- Amerika Syarikat, Kesatuan Eropah dan Jepun terus menjadi Asean, pasaran eksport terbesar. jepun diikuti oleh u.s. dan EU,yang merupakan sumber import asean terbesar. Sepanjang separuh pertama 2002-2003, perdagangan ASEAN-6 dengan pasaran utama meningkat 11.71 peratus untuk eksport dan 6.91 peratus untuk import dari Canada dan India menurun dalam tempoh yang sama.

- Negara-negara anggota berusaha untuk mengahapuskan jumlah duti import yang dkenakan  terhadap semua produk untuk mencapai tujuan utama iaitu sebagai kawasan perdagangan bebas. Majlis AFTA telah bersetuju bahawa tarikh sasaran untuk mencapai objektif ini adalah pada tahun 2015 untuk enam negara anggota asal ASEAN dan 2018 untuk anggota yang  baru. penghapusan duti import secara menyeluruh akan mencapai impak maksimum dalam meningkatkan daya saing ekonomi wilayah ASEAN berbanding dengan negara lain di dunia.

NAMA: NORASIKIN BINTI SANDI
NO MATRIKS: BA18110314

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Kesatuan Eropah (EU) adalah sebuah trade bloc terbesar didunia dan didirikan pada tahun 1992 selepas termeterainya perjanjian Maastricht. Didalam triti atau perjanjian ini adalah kesepakatan diantara 12 negara ahli dimana bersetuju untuk memperkenalkan kewarganegaraan European yang memberi kebenaran untuk penduduknya mendiami dan bergerak bebas didalam kesatuan tersebut. Matlamat utama bagi EU ini adalah bagi membentuk sebuah pasaran tunggal yang memberi kebenaran untuk kebebasan pasaran, modal, perkhidmatan dan juga individu yang berasaskan four freedomS. Yang menarik didalam EU ini adalah kesatuan yang mempunyai nilai mata wang yang sama (euro) dikebanyakan negara yang menjadi ahlinya kecuali Great Britain bagi melindungi kepentingan pound sterling.

NAMA : BADARUDDIN BIN MOHD SAID
NO MATRIK : BA18110556
GROUP : THE UN'XPECTED

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THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA)

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THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA)

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Sebuah perjanjian di antara tiga negara iaitu Amerika Utara, Kanda dan Mexico. perjanjian tersebut adalah bertujuan untuk mengurangkan kos perdagangan dan menjadikan Amerika Syarikat sebagai blok perdagangan yang kompetitif di pasaran global. perjanjian tersebut berjaya menghilangkan sebahagian besar halangan perdagangan tarif dan bukan tarif yang ada di antara negara-negara perdagangan dan ia juga merupakan perjanjian perdagangan bebas terbesar di dunia, dengan produk domestik kasar negara-negara peserta melebihi 20 trilion.

NAMA: VIROSHINI A/P SIVARAJA
NO MATRIK:BA18110381

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THE EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOSIATION (EFTA)

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THE EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOSIATION (EFTA)

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The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is the intergovernmental organisation of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. It was set up in 1960 by its then seven Member States for the promotion of free trade and economic integration between its members.EFTA is the ninth largest trader in the world in merchandise trade and the fifth largest in trade in services. EFTA is the third most important trading partner in goods for the EU and the second most important when it comes to services.

NAMA : NUR BAZILAH AZYYATI BINTI NASARUDDIN
NO MATRIK : BA18110089
GROUP : THE UN'XPECTED

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The Arab League spans a territory of about 14 million square kilometers which more than three times the size of the European Union and nearly 50% bigger than the United States.

Nama: ASNAWIAH BINTI ARKANI
No Matrik: BA18110653

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Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).

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Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).

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COMESA was formed on December 8, 1994 and it was formed to replace the former Preferential Trade Area (PTA) that existed in 1981. COMESA consists 21 African Member States which are Burundi, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. COMESA aims to promote regional integration through trade and the development of natural and human resources for the mutual benefit of all people in the region. The benefits of COMESA to its members and partners include a wider, harmonize and more competitive market, greater industrial productivity and competitiveness, increased agricultural production and food security, a more rational exploitation of natural resources, more harmonize monetary, banking and financial policies, more reliable transport and communications infrastructure.

Name: Farah Nabilah binti Mohd Rahmat

Matric No: BA18161010

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EU memiliki benderanya tersendiri yang dihiasi dengan 12 bintang. 12 bintang tersebut seringkali dianggap sebagai 12 negara terawal yang menyertai EU. Akan tetapi ia tidak disahkan. Secara amnya, bintang-bintang tersebut dianggap sebagai simbol penyatuan dan kesempurnaan.

Nama: Siti Nurain Shahkinah binti Shahrul Nizam
No. kad matrik: BA18110627

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AFTA adalah satu blok perdagangan bebas yang diwujudkan di antara negara anggota ASEAN. pertubuhan AFTA bertujuan untuk;

1. membentuk kawasan perdagangan bebas cukai ASEAN dalam masa 15 tahun. 2. Untuk dapat meningkatkan daya saing ekonomi di antara negara-negara ASEAN atau Asia Tenggara dengan menjadikan ASEAN sebagai pangkalan pengeluaran untuk pasaran dunia.
3. Untuk dapat menarik pelabur asing dan meningkatkan perdagangan antara negara-negara ASEAN.

NAMA : ERNAWATI BINTI OSMAN
No. Matrik:BA18110648
Group : The Un'xpected

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Start building your padlet now. Make it as interesting as possible. More interesting means more marks:)You can add picture and other thing as well.

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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

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North America is the most extensive free trade zone in the world: close to five times the size of the European Union.

Name : Siti Nur Nadiah bt Mohd Samsudin
No Matrics : BA18110495

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Tahukah anda? Mana-mana negara Eropah yang menggunakan mata wang Euro akan membolehkan campur tangan oleh EU terhadap masalah dalaman negara mereka terutamanya dalam aspek ekonomi.

Nama: Nurhazirah Binti Jaudin
No. Matriks: BA18110513
Group: The Un'Expected