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In 1869, Friedrich Miescher isolated "nuclein," DNA with associated proteins, from cell nuclei. He was the first to identify DNA as a distinct molecule. Phoebus Levene was an organic chemist in the early 1900's. He is perhaps best known for his incorrect tetranucleotide hypothesis of DNA. h

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British bacteriologist whose 1928 experiment with bacterium was the first to reveal the “transforming principle,” which led to the discovery that DNA acts as the carrier of genetic information.
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1930) In a very simple experiment, Oswald Avery's group showed that DNA was the "transforming principle." When isolated from one strain of bacteria, DNA was able to transform another strain and confer characteristics onto that second strain. DNA was carrying hereditary information.
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In 1951 and 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted a series of experiments at the Carnegie Institute of Washington in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, that verified genes were made of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
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In 1949, Chargaff discovered that the proportions of bases in DNA depend on the species the DNA comes from. This was a major break from what scientists had believed until then
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Rosalind Franklin discovered the density of DNA and, more importantly, established that the molecule existed in a helical conformation. Her work to make clearer X-ray patterns of DNA molecules laid the foundation for James Watson and Francis Crick's suggestion that DNA is a double-helix polymer in 1953.
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Linus Pauling became known as the founder of molecular biology due to his discovery of the spiral structure of proteins (Taton, 1964). Pauling's discoveries contributed to Watson and Crick's breakthrough of the DNA double helix.
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Maurice Wilkins initiated the experimental research into DNA that culminated in Watson and Crick's discovery of its structure in 1953. Wilkins crystallized DNA in a form suitable for quantitative X-ray diffraction work and obtained the best quality X-ray images seen at that time.
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On February 28, 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick announce that they have determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes.
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