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Classical conditioning was first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov through experiments with dogs and published in 1897. It began when the Russian physiologist observed - while he was studying digestion - that the dogs serving as his subjects drooled at him when they were being served meat.[1]

Together with operant conditioning, classical conditioning became the foundation of behaviorism, a school of psychology which was dominant in the mid-20th century and is still an important influence on the practice of psychological therapy and the study of animal behavior. Classical conditioning is a basic learning process, and its neural substrates are now beginning to be understood. Though it is sometimes hard to distinguish classical conditioning from other forms of associative learning (e.g. instrumental learning and human associative memory), a number of observations differentiate them, especially the contingencies whereby learning occurs.

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Classical conditioning is a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus

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What is the definition of classical conditioning? This psychological theory was first introduced by Ivan Pavlov. The theory states that a subject can be conditioned to respond differently to a previously neutral stimulus if the neutral stimulus is paired up with any other stimulus that creates the required response.

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a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired

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Classical conditioning is  also known as Pavlovian conditioning, which is learning through association. it is where two stimuli are linked together to create a new learned response in an animal.

A biological stimulus will be paired with a previously neutral stimulus. This turns into an elicit response.

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Pavlov's dogs is perhaps the most famous example of classical conditioning, where Pavlov rang a bell at each meal for a group of dogs. He then found that they produced saliva after ringing the bell even without food.

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Unconditioned Stimulus (food)         --------> Unconditioned response (salivation)

Neutral Stimulus (bell) ---------> No response

Unconditioned response (salivation)-----------> Neutral Stimulus (bell) + Unconditioned stimulus (food)

Conditioned response (salivation)  ----------> conditioned stimulus (bell)

The dog begins to learn that when the bell rings they get food so when the bell rings they get excited and start to salivated even though no food is present yet.
-Mollie Nevell

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Backward conditioning occurs when a CS immediately follows a US.[11] Unlike the usual conditioning procedure, in which the CS precedes the US, the conditioned response given to the CS tends to be inhibitory. This presumably happens because the CS serves as a signal that the US has ended, rather than as a signal that the US is about to appear.[12]:71 For example, a puff of air directed at a person's eye could be followed by the sound of a buzzer.

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Various behavior therapies for managing fear and anxiety, such as desensitization and flooding, have been developed from Pavlov’s work

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Ivan Pavlov is known for his famous experiment with conditioning the salivation response in dogs, which brought about classical conditioning

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Ivan Pavlovs experiment on dogs in the most famous example of classical conditioning

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Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism. Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

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Classical conditioning is also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning

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Classical conditioning is a form of learning whereby a conditioned stimulus becomes associated with an unrelated unconditioned stimulus, in order to produce a behavioral response known as a conditioned response

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Classical conditioning refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus.

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Learning through association. Two stimuli are linked together to produce a new, learned response.

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Everything from speech to emotional responses was simply patterns of stimulus and response.

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stage 1: before conditioning
the unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response. simply, this means that the stimulus in the environment has produced a behaviour/response which is unlearned and is therefore a natural response. it also involves another stimulus which has no effect on the animal this is called the neutral stimulus. the neutral stimulus n classical conditioning does not produce a response until it is paired with the unconditional stimulus.

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The influence of classical conditioning can be seen in responses such as phobias, disgust, nausea, anger, and sexual arousal. A familiar example is conditioned nausea, in which the sight or smell of a particular food causes nausea because it caused stomach upset in the past.

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Unconditioned Stimulus (food)         --------> Unconditioned response (salivation)

Neutral Stimulus (bell) ---------> No response

Unconditioned response (salivation)-----------> Neutral Stimulus (bell) + Unconditioned stimulus (food)

Conditioned response (salivation)  ----------> conditioned stimulus (bell)

The dog begins to learn that when the bell rings they get food so when the bell rings they get excited and start to salivated even though no food is present yet.-bill bo baggins

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UCR=Unconditioned Response

NS= Neutral Stimulus

CS= Conditioned Stimulus

UCS= Unconditioned Stimulus

-BBB

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discovered by the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov in the early 1900s. The discovery was accidental and happened while he was conducting experiments on digestion in dogs. His whole experiment dealt with his experiment on his dog Circa.-bill bo baggins

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1: (before conditioning)The unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response
2:(during conditioning)A stimulus which produces no response becomes a conditioned stimulus
3:(after conditioning)conditioned stimulus is associated the unconditioned stimulus creating a conditioned response

BBB

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Psychology: What is Classical Conditioning?

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a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone-bill bo baggins