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Meaning of Kinayah, Isti’arah and Majaz Mursal

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Meaning of Kinayah, Isti’arah and Majaz Mursal

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Kinayah is when the phrase can stand on it’s own with it’s literal meaning, but at the same time having another hidden meaning behind it. In the hadith, “شدَّ مئزره" shows the kinayah. It make sense with it’s literal meaning. But it also intend to prove a hidden meaning behind it. “Tying” shows an action that is done with an extra effort or how someone takes something seriously. Which shows the meaning behind the phrase which indicates the prophet “putting in extra effort” or “striving”.
Isti’arah is a phrase that cannot stand on it’s own with it’s literal meaning, thus it is borrowing the phrase for a hidden meaning to explain the situation. In the hadith, “أحيا ليله" shows that it has a meaning of “breathing or living the night”. Literally, it makes no sense. It shows here it is a sign of Isti’arah. However, the borrowing of the phrase “breathing or living the night” shows the meaning of the night is being lived with the action of ibadah by being active at night. When the normality of night is quiet and in silence, however with the action of ibadah at night, it brings live to the night.
Majaz Mursal is using a phrase out of it’s normal usage, to show a different or similar significance to show a related significance from the literal meaning to the hidden meaning behind phrase. In the hadith, "أيقظ أهله" literally means waking up his family members. However the hadith does not mean the literal meaning, however borrowing the significance or relating of waking up the family members, to perform ibadah.

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‎شد مئزره

The literal meaning of this sentence is “tightened the cloth”. This is kinayah, as it shows that the sentence can be stand by itself.

وأحيا ليله:

The literal meaning is “breathe the night”. This is istiarah, as it shows that the sentence cannot stand by itself. The sentence associated to “praying in the night” “worship Allah s.w.t in the night”.

أيقظ أهله:

The literal meaning is “wake the people”. This is majaz mursal, as the sentence borrowed from another meaning of “prayers”, Prophet wants them to wake up and worship Allah s.w.t.

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The literal meaning of شد مئزره is to tighten his apron /sarong. The intended meaning is to put effort in doing something. Since the literal meaning is logical / makes sense, this is a kinayah.
The literal meaning of أحيا ليله is to breathe life into the night. The intended meaning is to fill the night with activity which is prayer. Since the literal meaning is not possible given that breathing life is not an attribute of man, this is a isti’arah.
The literal meaning of أيقظ أهله is to wake up the family. The intended meaning is to persuade the family to pray. Since the literal meaning is a part of the intended meaning, this is majaz mursal.

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شد مئزرة
This is an example of kinaayah in the sense that it is a practical possibility in its literal meaning that someone ties up the lower garment.
The intended meaning is actually to seriously double up the efforts for the last ten days of Ramadan i.e. To pray devoutly.

2. واحيا ليلة
The literal meaning is to enliven or to grant life to the night which is not practical thus this is a istiarah borrowing the meaning in the 2nd type to mean something else i.e. To spend the night in devotion.

3. The last is a majaz mursal which is to borrow a hidden meaning on what is intended to wake them up for during the last 10 nights and connected to the first 2 actions

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1. The first one has a literal meaning that makes sense. Therefore it is kinayah.
2. The second one is isti’arah tasrihiyyah because its literal meaning does not make sense in that life cannot belong to night. Life can be breathed into man, but not night. The borrowing is “breathe life into” which actually is intended to mean “fill with activity”.
3. The third one is majaz mursal because the act of waking the family up is one of the past. The actual intention or meaning is to persuade them to solat. This is more than waking up. There’s no similitude here because we can also persuade people when they are awake.