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When and how laws were applied in Turkey ?

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When and how laws were applied in Turkey ?

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Until the year of 2004 in Turkey, none of the governments had neither studied on the terms of animal rights and welfare nor prepared a text of law. However, while Turkey was in this situation, the situation of European Union was quite different. With the Nice agreement, which was signed in 2001 and came into force on 1 February 2003, some institutional studies about widening of the European Union were started. In the year of 2002 a convention which was going to study about the future of European Union was formed and it is aimed to prepare a conference between the governments which were going to decide on the reforms on European Union institutions after the widening. During the arguments made on a draft Constitution in this conference, Eurogroup suggested that by including the animal welfare to the purposes of the European Union may lead European Union to form qualified policies about the search of agriculture, environment and protection of the consumer. Therefore in the year of 2004 animal welfare took its place in the Constitution of the European Union. However, in Turkey this process started with the law of 5199, the law of protection of animals, on 24th of June in 2004 because it was the first study of Turkey about the animal rights. Thus, with taking into account the process, which is parallel to European Union’s process of studying on animal rights, it is aimed to search on the effect of European Union on the concept of animal rights. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the reflections of the application of laws about the animal rights, which are the law of 5199 and the draft law prepared in 2012.

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Until the year of 2004 in Turkey, none of the governments had neither studied on the terms of animal rights and welfare nor prepared a text of law. However, while Turkey was in this situation, the situation of European Union was quite different. With

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Animal cruelty is goes into two senctions, passive and active.Passive cruelty is neglecting the animals. Starvation, improper shelter and others are in this category. Active cruelty is when the person knowlingly harms the animals like beating or burning. To stop this abuse some laws were established in the world which we call animal rights.

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Animal rights movement can be defined as an international movement which seeks to stop physical and emotional cruelty against animals by making social awareness and getting laws to prevent and punish it. The rights of animal has been a subject that has been ignored for centuries. While the rights of people progressed, our non-human friends rights has barely begun. There has been some regulations in the 16th and 17th centuries like Japan putting a ban against eating animals and the first Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was founded in England but the true legal actions didn’t start until 1990’s with Amsterdam Agreement which acknowledged animals as ‘’emotional creautures’’. This was a important step because for many years animals were accepted as soulles therefore uncapable of feeling pain.

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In Turkey the first step was taken in 2004 with the 5199 law. According to this law all animals are equal and have right to live but still animal abuse is rampant and it is  not punished by prison time and guilty people mostly don’t pay any consequences. Animals can be even taken as properties.

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The last proper statement of abuse of animal rights were done in 2016 by HAKİM, an animal rights committee.

According to journalist Zülal Kalkandelen, abuse of farm animals has reached to the point of monstrosity and no one is talking about it.

·         over 1 billion animals right to live were abused.

·         2 million animals were sexually assaulted.

·         1 billion animal right for freedom was assaulted.( For their meat, milk or used in horse races)

·         8 million were tortured.( Killed by firearm, crushed by vehicle, hurt by hard object.)

·         Between 2010-2015 over 1 million animals were tortured for science experiments.

According to HAKİM,  even though there were thousands of  people  who abused animals only 572 people were given made to pay money as a  punishment.

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This video explains philosophy of animal rights.

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Non-Human Animals: Crash Course Philosophy #42

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3-BX-jN_Ac

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Animal abuse is when the animal is intentionally physically or emotionally hurt. This abuse can be defined in a lot of ways. From Keeping cows or chickens in tight places to not taking the dog into walks or using mice as test subjects. There are arguments in deciding whether some of them are actual abuse.

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What do you think about people's ignorance of animal rights in Turkey?

In our country, some people are quite conscious of animal rights whereas some are not and they do not even hesitate harming animals.

Although when we look at the deep of Turkish history, Turks have always been animal-lovers but cruel actions animals have been facing in recent years show that our people are becoming ignorant day by day.

Animals are living creatures just like us and we, humans, are not living alone, on our own in this world. People do not have to like or love animals but they do not have to treat them bad, either.

In my opinion, it is quite hard to be an animal in Turkey. Every day we wake up to another animal murder and unfortunately it seems like nothing is done to solve this problem.

I think recently people are more conscious of animal right than ever before. We see animal right defenders these days.

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By watching this video, you can observe that an introvert person can easily turn into an activist, reformist person. This change is about caring for others, becoming somebody that makes a change, looking from a different aspect. Every day, humans make lots of bad things to animals consciously or unconsciously. Sometimes, we even harm them although we may think that we are doing them a favor. We go to aquariums, we go to zoos and still claim we love animals.
Imagine that you are the one who is captured, you are the one in that cold cage. What would you think? How would you feel? Unlike us, animals have no choice of saying no to people's actions. Yet, this does not mean that we can do anything we want. The presence of animal rights is an assurance of it.  As mentioned in the video, making a change starts with getting beyond the limits. We should not stop until every animal receives the respect it deserves. We should be their voices, we should speak for them because we can change the world, we can change the ideas. Only humans have the power of that.

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Animal rights -- birth of an activist | Simone Reyes | TEDxOrangeCoast

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What do you think about inadequacy of legal sanctions about animal right violations such as murder and rape?

In our country, abusing a possessed animal accounts for the crime "harming a property". That is, animals are not treated as they should be, as living creatures. For stray animals, the abuser is freed after s/he simply pay money for her/his crime. This system needs a change.

It is like, the inadequacies encourage abusers to do more. They do not harm animals because they think they will not be punished or will be punished but not harshly.

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If Humans Had More Respect to Animal Rights What Changes Would Occur?

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If Humans Had More Respect to Animal Rights What Changes Would Occur?

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If we think about the situation in Turkey, there would be lots of changes. Unfortunately, there are thousands of bad examples. Every day new incidents occur. Many people behave barbarously to animals. They torture animals, rape them. The most important reason for this cruelty is the deficiency of aversiveness. The ones that torture animals can easily get away with their guilt. Animal abuse cannot be seen as an unimportant subject.
If we can change this misconception, Turkey would be a better place to live in. People would not go to zoos or aquariums for amusement, would not kill animals for fashion, would not torture animals because of their mental states. They would see animals as equal creatures.

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Stolen dogs are being used in dog fightings. What is your opinion on this?

It is not acceptable to use animals in gambles, to fancy about hitting money while they are being hurt.

Places in which dog fightings are made must be detected and controlled by the police. There are too many illegal organisms.

It is really shameful that animals get hurt because of people's nugatory wills.

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Do you think that zoos are bad places for animals?

Yes I do. Animals are taken from their natural habitats and put into small places where people can observe them. This effects their psychology badly. Taking their freedom away from them just for the sake of earning money is cruelty.

It depends on the zoo they are being put. If people are not being harsh on them then it is okay. But if they are harmed, then it is a problem.

Yes I do. Zoos are not their natural habitats. When they are put in there their life span decreases and visitors may hurt them.

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Do you think animal shelters are safe places for animals and there is no violence of animal rights in there?

I do not think that every shelter is not safe or violating rights. If the employees are not there only for the money but also they are real animal lovers, they would do their job properly and do not harm animals.

I do not think shelters are doing enough. Some legal sanctions should be in charge also for these places.

If there is a strict control in the shelter, I do not think there would be a problem.

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What do you think about animals being trained and used for the shows in circuses?

It is not right. They are trained inhumanly. Animals are obliged to do those "funny acts", they do not have fun while being used in shows. Also they are trained in the way they know they will be punished if they do not act properly.

It is really bad. People torment and harm animals when training them and consider them as objects rather than living creatures.

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We witness violation of animal rights every day. What kind of things can be done to stop this?

Employees such as police, watchers must be trained and commissioned for this mission. Officers who work for the safety of humans can also work for animals. Conferences, meetings or campaigns can be arranged to inform people.

Animal rights violators must pay for what they did. I hope much more associations like Sahayko would emerge in the future.

I think people may avoid harming animals if there were harsher punishments.

The best and the clearest solution is to punish people who harm animals with strict codes.

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There is an active volunteer organization consists of different associations, called HAYTAP.

https://www.haytap.org/

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With the Vetnet program in İstanbul, street animals are controlled by microchips. This system enables to record physical abilities and medical history of street animals.

https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/sokak-hayvanlari-mikro-cip-ile-kayit-altina-aliniyor/1347076

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Here are some solutions that we can do to protect stray animals from all kinds of violence and dangers:

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Here are some solutions that we can do to protect stray animals from all kinds of violence and dangers:

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1) if you have the opportunity to try to take ownership, Let him meet a warm home and a warm embrace.
2)  We can take home our growing meals or dry animal food for them and leave it to the animals .In parks, we can open the mouth of the bag to the kennels formed by municipalities to the animals.
3) You can send them home to Animal Care.If you do not have the necessary facilities to protect them, health care will give the animal care homes can contact them can be entrusted.
4) Please note that in case of any accidents or illness that may happen to stray animals, you can get free treatment support by calling the veterinary offices of municipalities. Therefore, contact the relevant department of the municipality you live in.
5) the dog who runs on the street or the cat who rubs your feet while sitting in a cafe does not necessarily want food or water. Because under these behaviors, there is usually a desire for love and compassion. So don't forget to rub their heads before the street creatures forget that they need love.

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Street animals in some districts of İstanbul are neutered and vaccinated by the municipality for free.

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To raise a society that respects and knows animal rights, it is essential to teach children about animals and make them acknowledged. Many children grow up without getting to know animals because of their families, being unfamiliar with them can make people think they are threats or pests. However some schools in Turkey started keeping pets in classrooms. One of which is a primary school in İzmir. A ginger street cat named Tombi, is now taken care by the school and interacts with the students. Another example is in Aydın, where the students take care of a mother cat and her kittens.

https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/egitim/ogrencilerin-sevgilisi-tombi-sinifa-geri-donuyor,z-Rd5rYuf0mYj88fNkVFbg

https://www.petsbook.com/blog/sinifta-besledikleri-anne-kedi-ve-yavrulari-sayesinde-hayvan-sevgisini-ogrenen-cocuklar

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Firstly, anthropocentrism is a perspective which places the human on the center. It measures the values of the non-human creatures by measuring their advantages to humans. Thus, the perspective to the animals is not different. Anthropocentrism accepts that humans are dependent to the nature and animals only because of their fundamental necessities. At this point they put forward the materialistic value of the animals. Consequently, this perspective, which is based on the human nature, attaches importance to animals when they are helpful to the humans (Savaş, Yurtman &Tölü, 2009). Secondly, the perspective of neo-veganism starts to explain the animal rights with the question of “What is animal and what is human?” and answers this question by separating the living creatures as “human animals” and “nonhuman animals”. According to neo-veganism, the problem lies in the question why humans don’t accept nonhuman animal autonomy when it can’t be made fathomable through the perception of a value-defined comparison (AraniMay, 2010). When it is looked at these questions it can be said that neo-veganism gives sharper answers compared to the other two perspectives, anthropocentrism and environmentalism, thus, it handles the human-animal relationship within a more radical framework. Lastly, when the perspective of environmentalism is investigated it can be seen that there are two headlines under this topic. Firstly, when it is looked at the liberal environmentalism perspective, it can be seen that the question of “Is there any limit of the reasonable acts for protecting the environment done by an administration?” defines the perspective. Most of the environmental policies aim to prevent the environment from any damages, as reasoned to be in the framework of impartiality, however, it does not mean that the administration is not authorized to do whatever it wants. Damage, is a forced regulation, but not an enough regulation, because these regulations may lead to more problems or limit the individual freedom. Due to this liberal theory, the perspective is totally quiet about the environmental policies. Liberal impartiality requires total environmental policies which are also impartial. An impartial environmental policy aims to bargain on the use of natural resources, which are globally competed to be used (Coglianese, n.d.). Secondly, when it is looked at the socialist environmentalist perspective, this perspective considers the animal right movements as a great bourgeoisie movement, made by basically “white and superior” class; thus, it can be seen as a apolitical conservative movement. Therefore, the defenders of animal rights are considered as some people who keep the animal interests on the top of the human interests, besides mostly people who take the chance harm the interests of poor people. Socialist environmentalists advocate that with accepting the legitimacy of the animal rights, people should treat as “kind” as possible to the animals. However, they reject that animals have their own rights and even think that it is also legitimate to exploit the animals under some circumstances. Thus, they have never faced with this question: “Is this acceptable to treat animals as “property” in order to determine their legal status?”. By acting in such way, socialist environmentalism ignored a strong doctrine that lies on the basis of the animal rights. This doctrine is the rejection of “speciesism” (Charlton, Coe & Francione, n.d.).

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