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The average human adult has more than 5 liters (6 quarts) of blood in his or her body. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to living cells and takes away their waste products. It also delivers immune cells to fight infections and contains platelets that can form a plug in a damaged blood vessel to prevent blood loss.

Through the circulatory system, blood adapts to the body's needs. When you are exercising, your heart pumps harder and faster to provide more blood and hence oxygen to your muscles. During an infection, the blood delivers more immune cells to the site of infection, where they accumulate to ward off harmful invaders.

All of these functions make blood a precious fluid. Each year in the USA, 30 million units of blood components are transfused to patients who need them. Blood is deemed so precious that is also called "red gold" because the cells and proteins it contains can be sold for more than the cost of the same weight in gold.

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1.  Red blood cells/Erythrocytes
2.  White blood cells/ Leukocytes
3. Platelets.

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Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (R, have predictable dimensions which makes them a good “histologic ruler”. They are circular with a diameter of 7.8 micrometers. Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave discs (donut). At their perimeter they are 2.6 micrometers thick, at the center they are only 0.8 micrometers thick. This shape increases the cell's surface area to allow for more oxygen binding. Because these dimensions are typically consistent, leukocytes can be identified by comparing their size to that of the erythrocytes.

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Leukocytes, also called White Blood Cells (WBCs), are associated with the immune system. There are three main classifications of leukocytes: lymphocytes, granulocytes, and agranulocytes. Granulocytes, as their name suggests, are white blood cells that have granules present in their cytoplasm. Agranulocytes do not have these granules. Using a  special histological staining method (Wright’s Stain), leukocytes can be seen under a microscope. This stain includes azure B to stain the granules in the cytoplasm of white blood cells so that they can be differentiated.

Leukocytes are classified by both the shape of their nuclei and the presence or absence of azurophilic granules in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are all polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Polymorphonuclear cells have nuclei with multiple lobes. Monocytes and lymphocytes are mononuclear agranulocytes. Mononuclear cells have a single nucleus. The buffy coat, seen when blood is spun down in a centrifuge to separate its cellular components, is generally made up of 60-70% neutrophils, 20-25% lymphocytes, 3-8% monocytes, 2-4% eosinophils, and less than 1% basophils.

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Platelets are made in your bone marrow along with your white and red blood cells. Your bone marrow is the spongy center inside your bones. Another name for platelets is thrombocytes. Healthcare providers usually call a clot a thrombus. Once platelets are made and circulated into your bloodstream, they live for 8 to 10 days.

Under a microscope, a platelet looks like a tiny plate. Your healthcare provider may do a blood test called a complete blood count to find out if your bone marrow is making the right number of platelets:

A normal platelet count is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.

Your risk for bleeding develops if a platelet count falls below 10,000 to 20,000. When the platelet count is less than 50,000, bleeding is likely to be more serious if you're cut or bruised.

Some people make too many platelets. They can have platelet counts from 500,000 to more than 1 million.

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The Components of Blood and Their Importance