# data[].attributes.body
- Low pressure in lungs
- High pressure outside of lungs
- Diaphragm relaxes
- High carbon dioxide concentration
-Low oxygen concentration

# data[].attributes.body
-High pressure in the lungs
-Low pressure outside the lungs
-Diaphragm contracts
- High oxygen concentration
- Low carbon dioxide concentration

# data[].attributes.body
Lung cancer is typically caused by smoking or the inhalation of second-hand smoke (86% of cases are caused by smoking-related circumstances). Most of the carcinogens in cigarettes are byproducts of the combustions occurring in the smoking implement and not the nicotine. Lung cancer starts in the trachea and moves into the bronchioles. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up phlegm and blood, loss of appetite, and loss of immunity.

# data[].attributes.body
Emphysema is usually caused by smoking or air pollution but is also seen in patients with chronic chest infections. All of these cause an inflammatory reaction in the lungs. Inflammation in the lungs leads to the release of protease from the damaged lung cells and leukocytes (white blood cells). Protease involuntarily breaks down elastin (a protein that has elastic properties that help increase the surface area of the alveoli when air enters the lungs). This causes a decrease in surface area to volume ratio in the lungs which can lead to a decreased amount of gas exchange taking place.

# data[].attributes.body
A concentration gradient caused by breathing is maintained in the alveoli. Breathing out keeps the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveoli low (exhalation) so that carbon dioxide in the blood will diffuse out and exit the body. Breathing in keeps the concentration in the alveoli high so that it will diffuse into the blood where the concentrations of oxygen are low (inhalation).

# data[].attributes.body
- Usually thicker than type one pneumocytes. Secrete fluid that keeps alveolus moist which aids in the diffusion of gases and keeps the wall of the alveolus from sticking together maintaining a lumen. Type two pneumocytes also aid in the repairing of any damaged walls in the alveolus.

# data[].attributes.body
-Single layers of cells in the walls that allow for the easy diffusion of oxygen into the deoxygenated brought in from the pulmonary artery and the removal of carbon dioxide out of the blood.