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On the day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in April 1968, Jane Elliott's third graders from the small, all-white town of Riceville, Iowa, came to class confused and upset. They recently had made King their "Hero of the Month," and they couldn't understand why someone would kill him. So Elliott decided to teach her class a daring lesson in the meaning of discrimination. She wanted to show her pupils what discrimination feels like, and what it can do to people.

Elliott divided her class by eye color - those with blue eyes and those with brown. On the first day, the blue-eyed children were told they were smarter, nicer, neater, and better than those with brown eyes. Throughout the day, Elliott praised them and allowed them privileges such as a taking a longer recess and being first in the lunch line. In contrast, the brown-eyed children had to wear collars around their necks and their behavior and performance were criticized and ridiculed by Elliott. On the second day, the roles were reversed and the blue-eyed children were made to feel inferior while the brown eyes were designated the dominant group.

What happened over the course of the unique two-day exercise astonished both students and teacher. On both days, children who were designated as inferior took on the look and behavior of genuinely inferior students, performing poorly on tests and other work. In contrast, the "superior" students - students who had been sweet and tolerant before the exercise - became mean-spirited and seemed to like discriminating against the "inferior" group.

"I watched what had been marvelous, cooperative, wonderful, thoughtful children turn into nasty, vicious, discriminating little third-graders in a space of fifteen minutes," says Elliott. She says she realized then that she had "created a microcosm of society in a third-grade classroom."

Elliott repeated the exercise with her new classes in the following year. The third time, in 1970, cameras were present. Fourteen years later, FRONTLINE's A Class Divided chronicled a mini-reunion of that 1970 third-grade class. As young adults, Elliott's former students watch themselves on film and talk about the impact Elliott's lesson in bigotry has had on their lives and attitudes. It is Jane Elliott's first chance to find out how much of her lesson her students had retained.

"Nobody likes to be looked down upon. Nobody likes to be hated, teased or discriminated against," says Verla, one of the former students.

Another, Sandra, tells Elliott: "You hear these people talking about different people and how they'd like to have them out of the country. And sometimes I just wish I had that collar in my pocket. I could whip it out and put it on and say 'Wear this, and put yourself in their place.' I wish they would go through what I went through, you know."

In the last part of A Class Divided, FRONTLINE's cameras follow Jane Elliott as she takes her exercise to employees of the Iowa prison system. During a daylong workshop in human relations she teaches the same lesson to the adults. Their reactions to the blue-eye, brown-eye exercise are similar to those of the children.

"After you do this exercise, when the debriefing starts, when the pain is over and they're all back together, you find out how society could be if we really believed all this stuff that we preach, if we really acted that way, you could feel as good about one another as those kids feel about one another after this exercise is over. You create instant cousins," says Elliott. "The kids said over and over, 'We're kind of like a family now.' They found out how to hurt one another and they found out how it feels to be hurt in that way and they refuse to hurt one another in that way again."
Originally published January 2003

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
On the day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in April 1968, Jane Elliott's third graders from the small, all-white town of Riceville, Iowa, came to class confused and upset. They recently had made King their "Hero of the Month," and they couldn't understand why someone would kill him.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
On the day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in April 1968, Jane Elliott's third graders from the small, all-white town of Riceville, Iowa, came to class confused and upset. They recently had made King their "Hero of the Month," and they couldn't understand why someone would kill him. So Elliott decided to teach her class a daring lesson in the meaning of discrimination. She wanted to show her pupils what discrimination feels like, and what it can do to people.

Elliott divided her class by eye color - those with blue eyes and those with brown. On the first day, the blue-eyed children were told they were smarter, nicer, neater, and better than those with brown eyes. Throughout the day, Elliott praised them and allowed them privileges such as a taking a longer recess and being first in the lunch line. In contrast, the brown-eyed children had to wear collars around their necks and their behavior and performance were criticized and ridiculed by Elliott. On the second day, the roles were reversed and the blue-eyed children were made to feel inferior while the brown eyes were designated the dominant group.

What happened over the course of the unique two-day exercise astonished both students and teacher. On both days, children who were designated as inferior took on the look and behavior of genuinely inferior students, performing poorly on tests and other work. In contrast, the "superior" students - students who had been sweet and tolerant before the exercise - became mean-spirited and seemed to like discriminating against the "inferior" group.

"I watched what had been marvelous, cooperative, wonderful, thoughtful children turn into nasty, vicious, discriminating little third-graders in a space of fifteen minutes," says Elliott. She says she realized then that she had "created a microcosm of society in a third-grade classroom."

Elliott repeated the exercise with her new classes in the following year. The third time, in 1970, cameras were present. Fourteen years later, FRONTLINE's A Class Divided chronicled a mini-reunion of that 1970 third-grade class. As young adults, Elliott's former students watch themselves on film and talk about the impact Elliott's lesson in bigotry has had on their lives and attitudes. It is Jane Elliott's first chance to find out how much of her lesson her students had retained.

"Nobody likes to be looked down upon. Nobody likes to be hated, teased or discriminated against," says Verla, one of the former students.

Another, Sandra, tells Elliott: "You hear these people talking about different people and how they'd like to have them out of the country. And sometimes I just wish I had that collar in my pocket. I could whip it out and put it on and say 'Wear this, and put yourself in their place.' I wish they would go through what I went through, you know."

In the last part of A Class Divided, FRONTLINE's cameras follow Jane Elliott as she takes her exercise to employees of the Iowa prison system. During a daylong workshop in human relations she teaches the same lesson to the adults. Their reactions to the blue-eye, brown-eye exercise are similar to those of the children.

"After you do this exercise, when the debriefing starts, when the pain is over and they're all back together, you find out how society could be if we really believed all this stuff that we preach, if we really acted that way, you could feel as good about one another as those kids feel about one another after this exercise is over. You create instant cousins," says Elliott. "The kids said over and over, 'We're kind of like a family now.' They found out how to hurt one another and they found out how it feels to be hurt in that way and they refuse to hurt one another in that way again."
Originally published January 2003

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
On the day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in April 1968, Jane Elliott's third graders from the small, all-white town of Riceville, Iowa, came to class confused and upset. They recently had made King their "Hero of the Month," and they couldn't understand why someone would kill him.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
On the day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in April 1968, Jane Elliott's third graders from the small, all-white town of Riceville, Iowa, came to class confused and upset. They recently had made King their "Hero of the Month," and they couldn't understand why someone would kill him. So Elliott decided to teach her class a daring lesson in the meaning of discrimination. She wanted to show her pupils what discrimination feels like, and what it can do to people.

Elliott divided her class by eye color - those with blue eyes and those with brown. On the first day, the blue-eyed children were told they were smarter, nicer, neater, and better than those with brown eyes. Throughout the day, Elliott praised them and allowed them privileges such as a taking a longer recess and being first in the lunch line. In contrast, the brown-eyed children had to wear collars around their necks and their behavior and performance were criticized and ridiculed by Elliott. On the second day, the roles were reversed and the blue-eyed children were made to feel inferior while the brown eyes were designated the dominant group.

What happened over the course of the unique two-day exercise astonished both students and teacher. On both days, children who were designated as inferior took on the look and behavior of genuinely inferior students, performing poorly on tests and other work. In contrast, the "superior" students - students who had been sweet and tolerant before the exercise - became mean-spirited and seemed to like discriminating against the "inferior" group.

"I watched what had been marvelous, cooperative, wonderful, thoughtful children turn into nasty, vicious, discriminating little third-graders in a space of fifteen minutes," says Elliott. She says she realized then that she had "created a microcosm of society in a third-grade classroom."

Elliott repeated the exercise with her new classes in the following year. The third time, in 1970, cameras were present. Fourteen years later, FRONTLINE's A Class Divided chronicled a mini-reunion of that 1970 third-grade class. As young adults, Elliott's former students watch themselves on film and talk about the impact Elliott's lesson in bigotry has had on their lives and attitudes. It is Jane Elliott's first chance to find out how much of her lesson her students had retained.

"Nobody likes to be looked down upon. Nobody likes to be hated, teased or discriminated against," says Verla, one of the former students.

Another, Sandra, tells Elliott: "You hear these people talking about different people and how they'd like to have them out of the country. And sometimes I just wish I had that collar in my pocket. I could whip it out and put it on and say 'Wear this, and put yourself in their place.' I wish they would go through what I went through, you know."

In the last part of A Class Divided, FRONTLINE's cameras follow Jane Elliott as she takes her exercise to employees of the Iowa prison system. During a daylong workshop in human relations she teaches the same lesson to the adults. Their reactions to the blue-eye, brown-eye exercise are similar to those of the children.

"After you do this exercise, when the debriefing starts, when the pain is over and they're all back together, you find out how society could be if we really believed all this stuff that we preach, if we really acted that way, you could feel as good about one another as those kids feel about one another after this exercise is over. You create instant cousins," says Elliott. "The kids said over and over, 'We're kind of like a family now.' They found out how to hurt one another and they found out how it feels to be hurt in that way and they refuse to hurt one another in that way again."
Originally published January 2003

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
On the day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in April 1968, Jane Elliott's third graders from the small, all-white town of Riceville, Iowa, came to class confused and upset. They recently had made King their "Hero of the Month," and they couldn't understand why someone would kill him.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
On the day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in April 1968, Jane Elliott's third graders from the small, all-white town of Riceville, Iowa, came to class confused and upset. They recently had made King their "Hero of the Month," and they couldn't understand why someone would kill him. So Elliott decided to teach her class a daring lesson in the meaning of discrimination. She wanted to show her pupils what discrimination feels like, and what it can do to people.

Elliott divided her class by eye color - those with blue eyes and those with brown. On the first day, the blue-eyed children were told they were smarter, nicer, neater, and better than those with brown eyes. Throughout the day, Elliott praised them and allowed them privileges such as a taking a longer recess and being first in the lunch line. In contrast, the brown-eyed children had to wear collars around their necks and their behavior and performance were criticized and ridiculed by Elliott. On the second day, the roles were reversed and the blue-eyed children were made to feel inferior while the brown eyes were designated the dominant group.

What happened over the course of the unique two-day exercise astonished both students and teacher. On both days, children who were designated as inferior took on the look and behavior of genuinely inferior students, performing poorly on tests and other work. In contrast, the "superior" students - students who had been sweet and tolerant before the exercise - became mean-spirited and seemed to like discriminating against the "inferior" group.

"I watched what had been marvelous, cooperative, wonderful, thoughtful children turn into nasty, vicious, discriminating little third-graders in a space of fifteen minutes," says Elliott. She says she realized then that she had "created a microcosm of society in a third-grade classroom."

Elliott repeated the exercise with her new classes in the following year. The third time, in 1970, cameras were present. Fourteen years later, FRONTLINE's A Class Divided chronicled a mini-reunion of that 1970 third-grade class. As young adults, Elliott's former students watch themselves on film and talk about the impact Elliott's lesson in bigotry has had on their lives and attitudes. It is Jane Elliott's first chance to find out how much of her lesson her students had retained.

"Nobody likes to be looked down upon. Nobody likes to be hated, teased or discriminated against," says Verla, one of the former students.

Another, Sandra, tells Elliott: "You hear these people talking about different people and how they'd like to have them out of the country. And sometimes I just wish I had that collar in my pocket. I could whip it out and put it on and say 'Wear this, and put yourself in their place.' I wish they would go through what I went through, you know."

In the last part of A Class Divided, FRONTLINE's cameras follow Jane Elliott as she takes her exercise to employees of the Iowa prison system. During a daylong workshop in human relations she teaches the same lesson to the adults. Their reactions to the blue-eye, brown-eye exercise are similar to those of the children.

"After you do this exercise, when the debriefing starts, when the pain is over and they're all back together, you find out how society could be if we really believed all this stuff that we preach, if we really acted that way, you could feel as good about one another as those kids feel about one another after this exercise is over. You create instant cousins," says Elliott. "The kids said over and over, 'We're kind of like a family now.' They found out how to hurt one another and they found out how it feels to be hurt in that way and they refuse to hurt one another in that way again."
Originally published January 2003

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
On the day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in April 1968, Jane Elliott's third graders from the small, all-white town of Riceville, Iowa, came to class confused and upset. They recently had made King their "Hero of the Month," and they couldn't understand why someone would kill him.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Sorry, we are unable to supply content for this web page, either because the Internet security on your browser is set to high, or because you have disabled Javascript. For information on how to change these settings in your browser, please see the Help page

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Sorry, we are unable to supply content for this web page, either because the Internet security on your browser is set to high, or because you have disabled Javascript. For information on how to change these settings in your browser, please see the Help page

# data[].attributes.body
It has been discovered that through the research for "Does Personality Exist?" It is proven that there is a wide range of different personalities that can change over time. This research could be extended even further by looking at how different personalities are influenced, looking into how different environments can impact an individuals personality and how various personalities react to different situations.
It was found through bundles of research that personality does exist and can change over time. In the articles, more specifically, personalities changed in a bad manner after there participants were exposed to a harsh and cruel environment and after certain participants were granted power over other people. In this society today we can learn though the research findings that if we are all respectful of everyone, look after our surroundings and all see each other as equal, less people will be exposed to a toxic environment and upbringing, thus making a society a more caring, peaceful and equal society.
It was concluded that personality does exist. From the studies shown and examined the hypothesis, personality does exist and can change over time, was supported. The outcome from both studies proved this due to the change in personality and the various personalities shown throughout both experiments.

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A Class Divided:
For this experiment there was no form of any ethical actions shown (no forms, consent etc.), though the the experiment was conducted on third graders, they were probably unaware that they were subjects for an experiment. Although there was no information given on the ethics of this experiment, it would be ideal to get the parent/guardians permission of the students to conduct this experiment. As they are young, it is easier to learn about many things, thus this experiment would have been a good stepping stone for the children.
The Stanford Prison Experiment:
This experiment was a choice for young males who all had to sign a consent form agreeing to the experiment and its conditions, this experiment involved no backing out of the experiment after joining, no form of physical behaviour and getting paid. However the experiment itself is bit harsh, as a bit of violence was involved, although on their paperwork it was stated that there is no form of physical violence allowed. This experiment could've been carried out more ethically, if there were more strict rules -example, breaking your role after 8pm, to give the young students a break- on the uni students.

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Based on the conclusions found in the articles, both support the hypothesis stating that Personality does exist and can change over a course of time. Both resulting in a change of behaviour and personality, showing the different types of personalities.
In both articles/evidence there were potential limitations and sources of error. For both experiments the people being tested on could have been a source of error due to their own personality traits and beliefs. This is because someone may already appear to be rude and ignorant, so during the experiment they're personality may not change, as the experiment was less suited for them. Another source of error was the scientists biases as both of these experiments were advertised and promoted, thus the scientists/ conductors of experiments were trying to influence their hypothesis on others, advertising it to make it seem real to the public.

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A Class Divided
Created by Jane Elliot
Haggler. J, A Class Divided, Frontline, Jan 1st 2003
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/introduction-2/
Jane Elliot was a teacher who wanted to show her class the impact of discrimination, so created an experiment that will make more children seem more superior than others, then reverse the roll. The experiment lasted 2 days, in which on the first day Mrs Elliot told her students that the brown eyed students are less superior to the students with blue eyes students. She told the class to treat the brown eyed students lower than the blue eyed, by limiting them to doing certain things and saying that they're dumber and don't deserve anything. However, on the next day , she reversed the rolls, making the brown eyed students seem more superior. Mrs Elliot said "I watched wonderful thoughtful children turn into nasty, vicious, discriminating little third graders." After the experiment the children and Mrs Elliot all shared what they learnt. It was found that the children learn that you can't judge people fro, their outside appearance, and they took away that they can't understand what its like to be somebody else until they've walked in their shoes. Jane Elliot found that after the experiment was performed, the children performance academically improved. By the change of behaviour and personality in these children, it proves that personalities do exist, as they changed and varied throughout the many students.

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The Stanford Prison Experiment
Created by Philip G. Zimbardo
Ratnesar. R, The Menace Within, Stanford Alumi, July/August 2011
https://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=40741
This was an experiment where a group of young men were divided into the roles of prisoners and guards, and were put in a prison-like environment, for two weeks. They were told to take the form of their role in the mock prison. The purpose of this study was to understand the development of norms and the effect of roles, labels and social experiments in a stimulated prison experiment. This was used to prove if peoples personality can change over time and be influenced by the Lucifer effect, in a different environment. There were many results from this experiment. The main ones being that the stimulation became so real, and the guards became so abusive and became mentally and physically aggressive, that this experiment was shut down after six days. It was also found that people can conform to the Lucifer effect, as good people began to do bad things in a new environment and situation in which a change occurred. This proves that personality does exist and can change over time. Having people who were once had a good moral and were very kind can become perpetrators of evil and ignorant to their actions. Through these results, it showed that personality differs throughout many beings and can change based on the environment and situations people are placed in.

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Amyna Alexandria Merhi
Hypothesis: Personality does exist and can change over a course of time

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Does personality exist?
There have been many theories and experiments conducted on this topic to prove whether it is true or false. Personality is the combination of different characteristics in a person.  Determining if personality exists or not can be proven by taking note of one or a groups mental development overtime and, reactions to different environments and circumstances. All port's trait theory believes that personality is biologically determined at birth. and is shaped by a person's environmental experience. Many theories are all thought to believe that personality does exist through our society. By examining many experiments we can find whether or not personality does ultimately exist.