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1. What's the purpose of the Cross Florida Barge Canal?

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1. What's the purpose of the Cross Florida Barge Canal?

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- The canal project was sought to bisect Florida from Fernandina to Cedar Key, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico for the purpose of shortening trade routes.

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- The project was risked by destroying the Floridan aquifer ( filter ) and disrupted the primary source of drinking water for millions of Floridians.

What are the specific details on how and when this became an environmental problem?
- It became an environmental problem because it act as the aquifer and if that will be destroyed the water will be dirty and it cannot be drinkable by the people of Florida. An aquifer is a filter of the water, so the water will be clean.

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7. What did the society learn from the problem?

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7. What did the society learn from the problem?

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- The society learned that before they allowed this project the "Cross Florida Barge Canal" they should start first checking everything if this will benefit to the state of Florida or not. The people should also have the right to speak for the state of Florida if they will continue this project or they'll change it. After what happened to the project, they'll make sure that this will not harm the environment.

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- The state of Florida should develop a bridge, instead of only having 1 bridge they can build 2 bridges. 1 for the people who wants to cross and the other is for the animals.

Action steps to achieve sustainability goal
* Step 1: Find a place where you going to build the bridges
* Step 2: Make a blueprints for both bridges.
* Step 3: Design the project.
* Step 4: You'll need money to build it.
* Step 5: You have to hire contractors.
Step 6: Make plans for the people who wants to cross the bridge  like putting some benches and lights.
Step 7: Then the plans for animals to cross the bridge would likely to have some trees, strain of water, and etc.

The people who will be needed to make this project
Step 1: I would say that the Mayor or Head Chief be in charge on finding the place.
Step 2: You'll need engineers.
Step 3: You'll need architects.
Step 4: The loans, funds, taxes, and government spending
Step 5: Contractors
Step 6: Construction crew
Step 7: Construction crew

The materials that are going to be needed for the project
Step 1: Concrete, crane, and etc
Step 2: Blueprint papers, pencils, erasers, and rulers
Step 3: Pencils, erasers, and rulers
Step 4: Loans, funds, and banks
Step 5: Find a contractor
Step 6: Woods, irons, plastics, ropes, and stones
Step 7: Woods, irons, plastics, ropes, and stone

Milestones/Goals of the progress of the project
- Set a time frame on how long will this project take. Check the things that have been accomplished everyday. And make sure to check all the materials that are needed for the project.

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- President John Kennedy include the canal in his budget.

Which stakeholders benefit? How?
- Marjorie Harris Carr benefited the Cross Florida Barge Canal. So the state of Florida or the government put her name on it as the "Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway" because she spent so much of her life working for environmental causes and was one of the most outspoken opponents of the canal.
Which stakeholders were negatively affected? How?
- President Franklin Roosevelt was the one who was negatively affected on the canal case. At first, he approved the funding for the canal because he thought that the seagoners will not rise their lives in circumnavigation of Florida in case of the hurricane - blistered thumb. After what Roosevelt heard about the concerns of the saltwater intrusion into the aquifer, that the canal would be a straight shot from Ocean to Gulf with no dams and no locks. As a result, Roosevelt ended to fund the project.

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Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway

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- The issue was caused from the first place is because they thought this Cross Florida Barge Canal is to shorten the routes going Florida from Fernandina to Cedar Key, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
- In 1818, Secretary of War John C. Calhoun proposed the canal in order to solve the losses due to shipwrecks and even the piracy.
- Also businessmen's from cities such as Jacksonville and Ocala in Florida envisioned that the canal will be the engine of the economic growth of the state.
- They thought that canal would be an economic boom to the emerging space- industry.

What were/are the immediate environmental and/or health effects?
-  If the people will drink the water by knowing it, then they can be sick quickly and they can get a disease. It can kill many people by this deadly bacteria in just a sip of it. In the environment, animals won't really be affected by the disease because they normally drink dirty water more and they can develop the resistance of it. But they are less affected because our waste in  the environment. is specifically contaminating the water with the disease that affects us.

What are the long term effects?
- The construction of the canal was economically and environmentally harmful. The saltwater intrusion lead the the contamination of drinking water sources. Saltwater intrusion is a movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers.

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*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cross_Florida_Barge_Canal
*Jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/011901/ent-barge.html
*dep.state.fl.us/gwt/state/cfg/UF%20Docs/Interpretation.pdt
*www.floridatrend.com/article/4509/lessons-from-the-cross
*www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2015/11/16/Failed...canal...florida/75870112
*www.floridatrend.com/article/4509/lessons-fromthe-cross-florida-barge-canal-project
*laws-flrules.org/1997/259
*https:thefloridasqueeze.com/2014/03/.../flashback-friday-the-cross-florida-barge-canal...
*https:books.goggle.com/books?id=9Ztcudcqb-wc
*https:books.google.com/books?id=fLAAAAAIAAJ

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What is currently being done to help/solve this problem?
- The Florida Barge Canal was a struggle for Florida's future. At first the government didn't think who will be affected and how will effect it if they're going to build the canal in the first place. The negativity of building it was fragmentation, that divides between opposite sides that resulted to a habitat loss especially for the animals . The habitats will turn to small and more isolated reminants. After the crisis of the canal, the state of Florida changed the name of the canal from Cross Florida Barge Canal to Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway. This overpass will help the animals to cross to the other side and the people can even bike on this overpass.

What are the drawbacks?
- The national defense said that "the canal will provide a sheltered waterway for protection, especially for oil tankers that will transverse the waters from the oil fields of Texas and Oklahoma to the refineries of New York." But Marjorie Harris Carr argued that the Ocklawaha River must be preserve than the Florida Barge Canal. The National Defense changed their decision as that they halted the canal because they thought about the project may lead to a war that the opposing team/nation will have an advantage or strategy on using the canal as their hiding place.

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What laws and policies were in place before issues began?
* The Department of Transportation Act of 1966
- This act serves by ensuring a fast, safe, efficient, accessible, and convenient transporting system.
* They implemented the Executive Order 11514 that the federal agencies should establish two-communication with the public carrying out the purposes of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
* The new policy was provided for at least 3 well-publicized public meetings during pre-authorization project planning to provide the public with information on alternative planning proposals.
* The Water Resources Planning Act of 1965
- It's the preparations for future nationwide comprehensive river basin plans.
* Environmental guidelines was needed to be used in civil works program including planning, designing, constructing, and operating the canal.

What laws and policies were enacted afterwards?
* House of Bill No. 1835
- An act of relating to a general movement. It eliminated a provision by prohibiting the use of general revenue funds to repay interests owed by the Cross Florida Barge Canal navigation district.
* After the canal was a failure they put the Florida House Bill 1751.
- It controls all of the canal authority lands and easements were transferred to the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Find. Many of these leases were captured.
* Aftermath of the canal:
- They were land requests, general land information by tract number, right-of-way road, railroad relocations; design computations for canal structure photographs documentating the land in multiple stages of development, and etc.

Has anything similar happened in the past that resulted in these policies?
- There's a similar policy that had a thing to do with the Panama Canal. Before the Panama Canal was built, there are some clarifications to deal with the preparations nationwide of the future of the canal. They elaborated that they'' evaluate the cause and effect of it, designing it, constructing it, and eventually they were even checking if the operating system works. So the result of it is that the canal was successful that connected from Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.