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The Magnetic Wand That Cleans Oil Spills: Upgrade

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Oil spills are an unavoidable part of our future on this planet. Until we no longer have to rely on the messy stuff, we will still have to pump oil and ship it around the world, and drilling and shipping inevitably means spills.

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For a solution to clean up oil spills I will incorporate a three step process. First we will use the ocean to our benefit and use bacteria in the ocean to "eat" the oil. To increase the bacteria in the ocean we will introduce sulfates and nitrates to multiply the microorganisms by 5 times. Next use a system of magnets, developed by students from Yale to extract oil. And finally to eliminate the remaining oil we'll develop a machine that will take in the contaminated water and like a filter with extract the oil, depositing the rest of the water back into the ocean.

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Most of these oil spills happen near the shore but the coastlines are affected disproportionately. As the oil begins to disperse, this will lead to more negative effects to the continental shelf. The oil also negatively affects the sediment on the shorelines

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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill- causes and clean up

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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill- causes and clean up

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Causes- the third mate failed to properly maneuver the vessel. No supervision for the master and crew on the ship. This prompted a safety recommendation for the entire oil industry. Served as a "wake up call" to the industry.
Clean up- a chemical dispersant was applied to the oil, 15,000 to 30,000 US gallons of oil were collected using floating boom towed behind two fishing vessels, and ignited.

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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill-background knowledge

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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill-background knowledge

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March 24, 1989 and oil tanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef and spilled 10.8 billion of crude oil. The second largest spill in US waters. The location only accessible by helicopter, plane, or boat made government and industry response slow moving and very complicated

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Upwelling results in the blockage of nutrients to reach the surface.

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Surface Oil Spills and Ocean Currents cont. 

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Surface Oil Spills and Ocean Currents cont. 

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A liquid release on the surface, is likely to slowly spreads it mixes into the ocean currents and is introduced to the "loop current"which circulates throughout large portions of the ocean.

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Surface Oil Spills impact from Weather and Season

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Surface Oil Spills impact from Weather and Season

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Depending on the time of year, models are constructed to represent the best estimate of how ocean currents are likely to respond under wind and weather conditions.

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Surface Oil Spills Relationship with Ocean Currents

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Surface Oil Spills Relationship with Ocean Currents

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Ocean Currents are generated by temperature and salt levels. These currents are streams of seawater that circulate through the ocean. Once oil is introduced to the "streams" they are quickly spread through different ecosystems (water levels).

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Similarly to animals, the oil can get stuck to birds and lead to them not being able to fly or drowning. Tons of birds die during oil spills once they have come in contact with the oil.

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Oil is very slick and heavy, and it can get stuck to the fur of mammals, leading to suffocation or death. The mammals may also die of hypothermia due to not being able to insulate from the cold water.

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Surface Oil Spills affect on Marine Life continued

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Surface Oil Spills affect on Marine Life continued

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With no sunlight reaching the plants and plants dying, the organisms that find shelter and/or eat the plants are left to die

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Surface Oil Spills affect on Marine Life

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Surface Oil Spills affect on Marine Life

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Oil spills are extremely detrimental to marine life. The oil sits on the surface of the water, which leads to sunlight not reaching the plants and animals beneath the surface that rely on that sunlight to live. No sunlight for the plants mean the plants die, which means there is less available oxygen in the water for the fish and other creatures

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Surface oil spills are most often the result of accidents involving tankers, pipelines, drilling rigs, storage facilities, etc. These spills are often due to careless mistakes by employees which lead to the oil being spilled into the ocean.

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Because most oil is less dense than water, it floats on the water surface. The wind and water currents spread the oil out over the surface.