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having been V3
Having been cheated once Mike doesn`t trust anyone.

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having V3
Nancy and Mark, having washed their hands, sat down at the table.

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V3
The homework done by Matt was full of mistakes.

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V3
Faded leaves covered my garden.

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being V3
Being written in pencil the text was difficult to read.

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- ing
Who is this crying boy?

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When I read the book, I thought a movie about Marley would be sensational. In fact, it is a great movie, but the ending is terrifying due to Marley's suffering and the family's loss. Those who have dogs should never see this movie, I guess. However, the scene I selected to practice the zero conditional is funny and entertaining. The couple have to leave Marley with a dog sitter while they take a brief week off. It is perfect to practice the zero conditional because they leave instructions and write about what to do when Marley performs certain actions.

A. Talk to a partner:

1- Do you have a pet? Tell your partner about it or about a friend's pet you know.

2- What animals can be raised as pets?

3 - What are some unusual pets you know?

4 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a dog as a pet?

B. Marley's owners are leaving him with a dog sitter. The first column is the condition the owners present and the second one is what they tell the sitter to do in those situations. Match both columns before you watch the segment.

Condition Clauses

1 - Marley jumps on you

3 - Marley poops in the garden

4 - Marley tries to drink water from the toilet

5 - Marley wants to exercise

......... Feed him again.

......... Keep the toilet lid closed.

........ Give Marley sedatives.

........ Walk or run with him twice a day.

........ He chews the furniture.

........ Use the poop scooper and watch your step.

C. Watch the segment and check your answers.

D. Now rewrite the sentences using the zero conditional. Notice that we are talking about something which is generally true, not a specific event.

1 - ................................................................................................................

2 - ................................................................................................................

3 - ...............................................................................................................

4 - ................................................................................................................

5 - ................................................................................................................

6 - ................................................................................................................

7 - ................................................................................................................

Teacher's Key

D. Possible answers:

1. If Marley jumps on you, knee him.

2. If Marley looks starved, feed him again.

3. If (when) Marley poops in the garden, use the poop scooper and watch your step.

4. If Marley tries to drink water from the toilet, keep its lid closed.

5. If Marley wants to exercise, walk or run with him twice a day.

6. If a storm is arriving, give Marley sedatives.

7. If Marley is stressed, he chews the furniture.

MOVIE SEGMENT DOWNLOAD - MARLEY & ME

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When I read the book, I thought a movie about Marley would be sensational. In fact, it is a great movie, but the ending is terrifying due to Marley's suffering and the family's loss. Those who have dogs should never see this movie, I guess.

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-modal verbs must, can, will etc.
-after had better \ would rather
-after make, let, see, hear, feel +object

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angry
happy
glad

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begin
continue
hate
like
love
prefer
start

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avoid
can't help
can't stand
don't mind
enjoy
fancy
feel like
finish
imagine
practise
spend time
suggest
consider
continue
delay
deny
escape
excuse
finish
forgive
insist on
involve
look forward to
mention
mind
miss
stand
keep

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agree
decide
expect
fail
hope
manage
mean
offer
prepare
pretend
promise
refuse
seem
want
advise
appear
want

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will
have been V-ing
shall

- emphasis on the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future (By the end of this year, Sally will have been working here for 2 years)

PATTERN
+ By the end of this year, I will have been reading this book for two years.
- By the end of this year, I will not have been reading this book for two years.
? Will you have been reading this book for two years by the end of this year?

Time expressions

by, for

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will
have V ₃
shall

- actions which will have finished before a stated future time (She will have come back by the end of May)

PATTERN
+ I will have read this book by the end of May.
- I will not have read this book by the end of May.
? Will you have read this book by the end of May?

Time expressions

by, by the time, until, before

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will
be V-ing
shall

- action in progress at a stated future time (He'll be sunbathing next week)

PATTERN
+ I'll be reading this book at 5 o'clock tomorrow.
- I won't be reading this book at 5 o'clock tomorrow.
? Will you be reading this book at 5 o'clock tomorrow?

Time expressions

tomorrow, next week, month

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will
V
shall

- decisions taken at the moment of speaking (I'll call you)
- hopes, fears,promises, etc. (I'm afraid I'll be late)
- facts in the future (He will be ten next year )

PATTERN
+ I'll read this book tomorrow.
- I won't read this book tomorrow.
? Will you read this book tomorrow?

Time expressions

tomorrow, next week, month

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had been V-ing

- emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past before another past action or a stated time in the past (She had been working as a teacher for 10 years before she resigned)
- past action of certain duration which had visible results in the past (They were wet because they had been walking in the rain)

PATTERN
+ I had been reading this book for 2 hours before my telephone called.
- I hadn't been reading this book for 2 hours before my telephone called.
? Had you been reading this book for 2 hours before your telephone called?

Time expressions

for, since

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had V 3

- past action which occured before another past action or before specific time in the past (He had left by 5 o'clock)
- complete past action which had visible results in the past (She was sad because she had failed the test)

PATTERN
+ I had read this book by 2 o'clock.
- I hadn't read this book by 2 o'clock.
? Had you read this book by 2 o'clock?

Time expressions

by, by that time, never, just, after, before

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was
V-ing
were

- two or more simultaneous past actions (While I was swimming, my sister was watching TV)
- action in progress in the past (He was reading at 5 o'clock)
- past action in progress interrupted by another past action (While I was peeling potatoes, I cut my finger)

PATTERN
+ I was reading this book when my phone called.
- I wasn't reading this book when my phone called.
? Were you reading this book when your phone called?

Time expressions

while, when

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V ₂ V-ed

- past actions which happened immediately one after the other (She woke up, got up, opened the window)
- action which happened at a stated past time (She wrote this book two days ago)
- the action was completed in the past (Shevchenko wrote a lot of poems)
- past habit (I went to school by bus)

PATTERN
+ I read this book yesterday.
- I didn't read this book yesterday.
? Did you read this book yesterday?

Time expressions

yesterday, last week, when, in 1989

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Present Perfect Progressive
have
been V-ing
has

- actions started in the past and continuing up to the present (He has been writing a letter for two hours)
- past actions of certain duration having visible results in the present (She has been crying. Her eyes are red)

PATTERN
+ I have been reading this book for two hours.
- I haven't been reading this book for two hours.
? Have you been reading this book for two hours?

Time expressions

for, since

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Present Perfect
have
V3 -ed
has

I, we, you, they + have
He, she, it + has
- recently completed actions (I have already read this book)
- personal experience (I've lost weight)

PATTERN
+ I have read this book.
- I haven't read this book yet.
? Have you read this book?

Time expressions

just, ever, never, already, yet, how long, so far

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Don't USE in Continuous
to see
to hear
to notice
to smell
to feel
to recognize
to taste

to want
to desire
to refuse
to forgive
to wish
to hate
to like
to love

to understand
to know
to remember
to believe
to expect
to suppose
to recollect
to trust

to own
to belong
to possess
to seem
to signify
to appear
to contain
to consist
to keep
to concern
to matter
to be
to have

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Present Progressive (Continuous)
am
is    V+ing
are

I + am
She, he, it + is
We, they, you + are

- temporary situations (They are staying at the hotel at present)
- actions happening at or around the moment of speaking (I'm reading now)
- repeated actions with always expressing criticism (She is always interrupting me!)
- fixed arrangements in the near future (She is visiting us tonight)
- changing or developing situations (Her English is getting better)

PATTERN
+ I'm reading this book now.
- I'm not reading now.
? Are you reading?

Time expressions

now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, always

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Present Simple
V,V+s

I, You, We, They + V
He, She, It + Vs

run - runs
teach - teaches
dress - dresses
cry - cries
do - does

- permanent situations or states (She works as a teacher)
- repeated / habitual actions (I often get up at 7)
- permanent truth (Water freezes at 0)
- timetables (The bus leaves at 6)
- reviews / sport commentaries (This actor acts brilliantly in this film)

PATTERN
+ I read books.
- I don't read books.
? Do you read books?

Don't (do) + we, you, they, I
Doesn't (does)+ she, he, it

Time expressions

every day / week / year, usually, sometimes, always, rarely, never, often, on Mondays, at night, in the morning

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TENSES