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In 1950, many rumors suggested that CIA agents helped fund the rise of America's Abstract Expressionism movement during the Cold War by creating the Congress for Cultural Freedom. Recently, those agents came clean about the role the CIA took in promoting American art on a global stage, all this aiming to portray America as a free thinking, culturally rich which opposed the ideology present in the East Block at that time. The CIA used American modern art as a weapon in the Cold War. The Congress for Cultural Freedom gave the CIA the ideal front to promote its covert interest in Abstract Expressionism. The liberalist ideas came indirectly from art pieces so that individuals are influenced by it and support the ideas their countries convey without even knowing it.

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It is relevant to TOK content because it addresses many AOKs such as History, Art, Ethics and Human Sciences but also because it allows to question the knowledge extracted from those art pieces. It reveals that what we know is subjective to many factors and that the validity of our personal knowledge is limited to what is shared with us.  It allows us  to look at the limitations of our knowledge and how debates can be generated because of that. It is just many years later, that the correlation between CIA and Modern Art has been found and it allowed discussions to be created about knowledge and how valid it is.

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To what extent does art influences our perception of a historical event ?

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Religious Knowledge System                          

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Religious Knowledge System                          

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Claim : Art can distort historical knowledge due to a biased portrayal of historical events that aim to promote religious or political  agendas

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Charlie Hebdo's caricatures

Charlie Hebdo's magazine is supported by the far left of the French politics. In 2015, the Charlie Hebdo's offices in Paris were victims of an attack. The assault was claimed by a terrorism organization and basically they said that they had targeted the satirical paper for its disrespectful depictions of the Prophet Mohammed. Few Months after the attacks, two caricatures were published referring to the attacks. It was a caricature of the prophet again with the Quran in front of him to protect the shots he is receiving.  The caricature says "the Quran is shit, it does not protect from the shots."
It shows how art can shape and portray the prophet in a manner that discredits Islam as a whole.

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Religious Knowledge System                             

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Religious Knowledge System                             

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Counter Claim : Art has been employed to interpret extraordinary historical events as being divine in nature to influence the perception of religious individuals to inspire religious devotions

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“The Destruction of Pompeii – God’s revenge?” by Hershel Shanks

Shanks has recently published findings indicating that Jews living in the Roman Empire in 79 AD when the southwestern Italian city of Pompeii was destroyed by a massive eruption of the Mount Vesuvius volcano, believed that it was Divine retribution for the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Roman general Titus nine years earlier. He says "Nine years, almost to the day, after Roman legionaries destroyed God’s house in Jerusalem, God destroyed the luxurious watering holes of the Roman elite.
Was this God’s revenge?"

This shows how extraordinary historical events such as the vesuvius eruption was been question as an act divine for the benefit of reinforcing religion or to justify god's will.

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History                                 

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History                                 

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Claim : Because Historical artworks are used as a way of expressing emotions and are said to be mimesis, imitation of life, it creates an emotional stimulation among its audience and changes their perception of a historical event.

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“When they see us”  by Ava Duvernay

The miniseries aim to tell the story of the The "Central Park Five" 's case that happened through the eyes of the boys that were wrongful incarcerated, it gives a perspective that were so rarely seen during the media storm that surrounded their trials and convictions.

The mini series “when they see us” helps a historical event to be seen in a perspective that has not been considered in the past and needs to.

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Counter Claim : Language within art, over emotions, plays a bigger role in the creation of a perspective over a historical event.

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"Vietnam war era" vs "

The American War in Vietnam"

In 2009, a book called the "Vietnam War Era" was published. It gave an insightful look into the immediate and long-term impact of the Vietnam War on a wide range of people and social groups, both Americans in the United States and in Vietnam
In 2016, another book called the "American War in Vietnam" was published. It provided an overview of the War in Vietnam with all its deceits and horrors while demonstrating how the true history has been sanitized and distorted in class-room history texts, thus depriving younger generations a proper historical and political consciousness. The different names for the book that were written to refer to the same historical event are going to define one ́s perspective over the reality of this event.

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To conclude, one can assert that art does influence our perception of a historical event by creating a strong emotional impact that leads to a biased knowledge and that affect our ability of reasoning.
However, one might  argue that other factors might influence, such as language, and that today, people tend to use art to influence individuals to lie on one or other ideology.

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The US was about six months into World War II when it founded the Office of War Information (OWI). Its mission: to disseminate political propaganda.

The office spread its messages through print, radio, and film—but perhaps its most striking legacy is its posters. With bright colors and sensational language, they encouraged Americans to ration their food, buy war bonds, and basically perform everyday tasks in support of the war effort. The OWI Domestic Radio Bureau produced series such as This is Our Enemy (spring 1942), which dealt with Germany, Japan, and Italy. Abroad, the OWI operated a Psychological Warfare Branch (PWB), which used propaganda to terrorize enemy forces in combat zones, in addition to informing civilian populations in Allied camps.

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To what extent does propaganda influence the way we acquire knowledge and shape the way we perceive the world around us?

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Office_of_War_Information

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)#Religious_objections

https://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Last-Judgement.html

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/hindu-art/

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/south-east-se-asia/india-art/a/shiva-as-lord-of-the-dance-nataraja

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/16/soweto-uprising-40-years-on-hector-pieterson-image-shocked-the-world

https://blog.patreon.com/creative-freedom-time-ghost