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(Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Architecture And Applications, n.d.)

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WSN’s have an outstanding information system for the remote tracking, tracking and control of indoor and outdoor environments, manufacturing plants and other applications. But many design and implementation issues still need to be completely addressed, such as hardware design of sensor nodes, software design, mitigation of interference, security, fusion of data, etc.

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Different Layers In A Network

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Structure of WSN

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Wireless Sensor Network

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4) Dynamic Network Topologies : A WSN should be able to operate in a dynamic topology.

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3) Highly Scalable

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2) A WSN must have the ability to withstand harsh enviromental conditions

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Characteristics of Wireless sensor networks

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Characteristics of Wireless sensor networks

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1) Coping with Node Failures :
A single node failing , should not effect the whole topology. Whenever a node fails in the network , the base station is required to be notified immediately

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A wireless sensor network consists of hundreds of sensory nodes and usually include three basic components
1) A sensing system according to whatever environmental condition its supposed to record
2) A Processing system for processing the collected data and storing it
3) A wireless communication system so the collected data can be transferred from one place to another
4) A node in the WSN is usually powered by a battery

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A Wireless sensor network basically refers to a set of geographically spread sensors whose job is to collect data such as atmospheric pressure , temperature, humidity etc.
Data is exchanged Using Multiple nodes which are connected to different networks

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Utilization of Sensors:

The sensors should be utilized in a way that they produce maximum performance with less energy.

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Operating Systems:

Since sensor nodes contain very limited amount of memory and processing power, this problem needs to be solved by an powerful and small size OS. Sensor node operating system must be able to provide basic resource management.

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Security issues:

Security is one of the key issues in the wireless sensor network. As with WSN data flowing wirelessly across the air, so wireless signals are available to anyone, and in contact, everyone can track and participate.

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Coverage Problem:

One fundamental challenge in wireless sensor networks is the question of coverage, which represents the quality of service that a specific sensor network can offer. Due to a variety of sensor networks and a wide range of applications, the coverage problem is described from several points of view.

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Transmission media:

In a multi-hop sensor network, a wireless medium links the communication nodes. Traditional problems associated with a wireless channel (e.g., Fading, high error rate) may also affect sensor network activity.

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Real Time Computation:

As New Data is generate daily, WSN should be quick to compute the data.

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-Transportation and logistics
-Industrial  Applications
-Precision Agriculture and animal Tracking
-Environment Monitor
-Urban Terrain And civil structure monitoring.
-Entertainment.
-Security and surveillance.
-Healthcare
-Smart Grids and energy  control system.
-Smart Buildings