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https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-M-Pullman

Urofsky, Melvin I. "George M. Pullman." Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 28 Feb. 2020

https://online.infobase.com/HRC/Search/PrimarySourceDetails/2?primarySourceId=4301&q=george%20pullman

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/rise-fall-sleeping-car-king-180971240/

https://www.history.com/news/labor-day-pullman-railway-strike-origins

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Kelly, Jack. "The Rise and Fall of the Sleeping Car King." Smithsonian Magazine,
www.smithsonianmag.com/history/rise-fall-sleeping-car-king-180971240/.

Strikers, Pullman. "Strikers Denounce George Pullman." Info Base,
online.infobase.com/HRC/Search/PrimarySourceDetails/2?primarySourceId=4301&q=george%20pullman.

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He hired African American porters in need of work

He paid them starvation (very low) wages

They had to rely on tips and deal with racist passengers

In 1893 a huge financial dip occurred causing Men and women to work in his factory for two weeks and received only a few dollars to pay after deducting rent.

They were fed up, his employees walked off the job on May 12, 1894 - LS

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- Pullman’s legacy is the production and manufacturing of the sleeping car, which was a luxurious coach at the time.
-His key contributions to society were his inventions of the sleeping car and his Pullman Car Company that he founded.
-His impact on the business industry was that other manufactures took business more seriously now that inventors such as Pullman have created such innovative inventions.
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Works Cited

Broken Spirits: Letters on the Pullman Strike." HISTORY MATTERS - The U.S. Survey Course on the Web, historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5363.

Carey, Charles W., and Ian C. Friedman. "Pullman, George." American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries, Revised Edition, Facts On File, 2020. American History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=17423&itemid=WE52&articleId=204504. Accessed 22 May 2020.

"George Mortimer Pullman." The Opening Page of the Pullman History Site, www.pullman-museum.org/theMan/.

Marshall, Jim. "George Pullman." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2020, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/247685. Accessed 28 May 2020.

Pruitt, Sarah. "How a Deadly Railroad Strike Led to the Labor Day Holiday." History.com, A&E Television Networks, 27 Aug. 2019, www.history.com/news/labor-day-pullman-railway-strike-origins.

"The Pullman Strike." Apprend, 26 Feb. 2019, apprend.io/apush/period-6/the-pullman-strike/.

Stamp, Jimmy. "Traveling in Style and Comfort: The Pullman Sleeping Car." Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 11 Dec. 2013, www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/traveling-style-and-comfort-pullman-sleeping-car-180949300/.

Urofsky, Melvin I. "George M. Pullman." Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 28 Feb. 2020, www.britannica.com/biography/George-M-Pullman.

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- George Pullman became a robber baron during the Panic of 1893
- He fired ⅓ of employees
- Cut wages of employees by up to 30%
- Did not reduce rent costs of the town even though wages were cut
- Did not reduce the salary of corporate workers
- The fired employees went to the American Railway Union (Carey).   -- LP
( "The Pullman Strike") - picture source

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- He began as a captain of industry by building his wealth in multiple ways
- He worked as a cabinet maker in his brothers factory
- Moved to Chicago to raise a hotel building
- Operated a stamping mill in Colorado, freight hauling business, owned gold mines.
- Began working on the improved sleeping car (Marshall).  -- LP

("George Mortimer Pullman") - picture source

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-  Railway companies stopped using the Pullman Cars
-  Pullman faced heavy criticism for his actions  (Carey).
-  In a letter written to the governor of Illinois the workers expressed their complaints.
- "We, the people of Pullman, who, by the greed and oppression of George M. Pullman, have been brought to a condition where starvation stares us in the face, do hereby appeal to you for aid in this our hour of need. We have been refused employment and have no means of leaving this vicinity, and our families are starving" ("Broken Spirits: Letters on the Pullman Strike").  -- LP
(Pruitt)  - picture source

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- Pullman lowered wages, eliminated jobs, and increased the number of required hours to work at his factories.
- He refused to lower the prices in his company store.
- He was paying his workers 30 cents along with the rent staying up - The total amount owed by worker to Pullman was around $70,000 which would be around 2 million dollars in money today.
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- Most Workers were African Americans
- He payed them extremely low wages called "Starvation wages"
- Many of the workers relied on tips
-The workers had to deal with many racist passengers - LS

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- Owned a business called the Palace Car Company.
- This business is still around today in Oak Harbor, Washington State.
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- Pullman traveled in sleeping cars on trains and realized that they were very uncomfortable and could be so much better
- His friend Benjamin C. Field worked in the railroad industry
- Chicago and Alton railroad company gave them 3 cars to convert
- Introduction of the Pullman Sleeping car (Carey).   -- LP
(Stamp) - picture source

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- George Pullman was born on March 3, 1831, in Brocton New York (Carey).
- Father (James) - Carpenter and Mechanic
- Mother (Emily) - homemaker
- Began work young
- Worked at his uncle’s store for a year
- Worked at his brother’s cabinet shop
- Helped his father move houses
- Father died in 1853
- He took over his business
- 1855 moved the business to Chicago (Carey).  -- LP
(Urofsky) - picture source