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The word is heard and comprehended via Wernicke’s area. This signal is then transferred via the arcuate fasciculus to Broca’s area where preparations are made to generate a spoken version of the word. A signal is then sent to the part of the motor cortex to physically articulate the word.

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It is located close to Broca's Area and it controls the movement of the muscles of the faces, jaw, tongue and larynx (physical articulation speech).

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Arcuate Fasciculus is a bundle of nerve ﬁbers. This is an important part of our way to produce language because this is the connection between Broca's area and Wernicke's area. It was discovered by Carl Wernicke's.

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This area is located at the back and also on the left hemisphere. It helps us to understand the language.
When this part of the brain is damaged, people tend to produce jumbled speech (nonsense sentences); this is called Wernicke's aphasia.

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This area is located at the front, usually on the left hemisphere. It  helps us to speech because it is responsable to language expressions.
When this area is damaged people tend to have trouble producing speech, this is called Broca's aphasia.

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O´Grady, W., Dobrovolsky, M., Aronoff, M. (1997). Contemporary Linguistics. New York: St. Martin's Press. Chapter 11: Brain and Language.

Yule G. (2014) The Study of Language. Cambridge University Press. Chapter 11: Language and The Brain.

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So, in which hemisphere does language occur?

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So, in which hemisphere does language occur?

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Although the left and right hemispheres have different abilities and
different responsibilities, complex skills such as language do not always fall neatly into one hemisphere or the other, because language involves the coordinated functioning of both hemispheres.

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Each hemisphere contains substructures that appear to have distinct responsibilities. The substructures of the cortex in each hemisphere are called lobes. In this image, we can identify those areas of the cortex that have a particular role to play in language processing.

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Functional distinctness  among the hemispheres

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Functional distinctness  among the hemispheres

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While the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, the right hemisphere controls the left side.

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In general, the left hemisphere seems to excel in analytic tasks such as arithmetic, whereas the right hemisphere excels in tasks that require an overall appreciation of complex patterns such as the recognition of familiar faces and melodies.

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The folds of the cortex have two parts: sulcus, which are areas where the cortex is folded in, and gyrus, which are areas where the cortex is folded out toward the surface.
A very prominent feature is the the longitudinal fissure. It separates the left and right  cerebral hemispheres.  The corpus callosum, which is a bundle of nerve fibres ,allows the two hemispheres to communicate with one another.

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In humans, the cortex is a grey wrinkled mass that sits like a cap over the rest of the brain. The wrinkled appearance results from the cortex being folded in upon itself. This folding allows a great amount of cortical matter to be compressed into the limited space provided by the human skull.
The cortex is what makes us different from other animals and is where the secrets of language representation and processing are to be found.

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How are our experiences coded in our brain? 

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How are our experiences coded in our brain? 

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The brain is composed of neurons that are the basic information
processing units of the nervous system. The human brain contains about 10 billion neurons that are organized into complex networks. This complexity results from the fact that each neuron can be directly linked with up to ten
thousand other neurons. However, the brain is also composed of structures that seem to play specific roles in the integrated functioning of the brain. (Grady, Dobrovolsky, and Aronoff, 1997, p. 416). Let's see them!