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1936-1939

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By Pablo Picasso

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Manuel Azana wins election to become Prime Minister, 1933

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Manuel Azana wins election to become Prime Minister, 1933

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Manuel Azana was the last president of the Republic and was in power when the civil war broke out. The start of his power came when we was elected Prime Minister in 1933. Azana played an important role in the Spanish Civil War because he could not save the country from going to war with itself. It was up to him to bring the two sides to peace and he could not do it. Many people in Spain especially on the right wing did not like that he was elected Mine Minister which led to him later being elected president and this election was one of the short term causes of the civil war. This is important because him becoming Prime Minister allowed him to set up the Popular front which let him become president in 1936.

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In 1934 miners in Asturian Spain revolved and rebelled against the government. They were quickly taken out by the government and Spain's navy. Fransisco Franco was a big part in taking out the miners as he controlled the movement of troops and ships for the military. This was important because one it was one of the first act of rebellion by a group of people in Spain and because Fransisco Franco was the one taking out these miners when in a few years he will be the one rebelling.

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Jose Sanjuro was a very harsh cruel leader of Spain's military who ran it like a dictatorship. He started to lose power and when Azana was elected president had conflicting ideas with Azana which led to Sanjuro being replaced. After this he joined Fransisco Franco to help the nationalist as he had a new hate for Azana and the republic. With his death also came the death of the other leading general of the nationalist army who was in the same plane as Sanjuro that crashed. This gave Fransisco Franco all the power to himself to lead the nationalist. If he or the other general never died then the outcome of the war could of been different. The death of both of these commanders had a huge impact on the events to take place in the years to come.

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The start of The Popular Front, July 1936

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The start of The Popular Front, July 1936

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The Popular Front was led by Azana and was used by him and other republicans to help Azana win the election in 1936. Many people who ended up fighting with the Popular Front did not support their actions in the election process in 1936, some of these people include the Anarchist group. The Popular Front fought in the civil war with the left wing republicans and was made up of different groups and organizations like The Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party, the Communist Party of Spain and the Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification. Without this group Azana would not have been able to become president in 1936 which was a cause of the civil war. This was one of the actions made by the Republicans that really angered the Nationalist.

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Germany starts to aid the Nationalists, July 1936

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Germany starts to aid the Nationalists, July 1936

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The Germans got involved with the war the second it broke out in July. Hitler sent troops and supplies to Franco to help the nationalists. Hitler used this to get combat experience for his soldiers with their new technology. He also wanted Franco's help in future wars. Hitler feared the outbreak of a world war which at the time he was not prepared for so he limited his aid and wanted Italy to help as well. This is important because Hitler gave Franco not just his help but the help of Mussolini and Italy. Both of their help allowed franco to push back the Republicans and win the war using germans planes and troops. Germany was the reason the Nationalist won many of their battles because the Republicans had no defense for their planes and bombs.

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Fransisco Largo Caballero becomes Prime Minister, September 4th 1936

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Fransisco Largo Caballero becomes Prime Minister, September 4th 1936

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Caballero was appointed Prime Minister in 1936 and only stayed in that position until 1937. Within that year he tried to maintain control of the government and keep power in the Republic. While in power he was also conducting the war and trying to keep it under control. Not before long there was a government crisis and he was kicked out on May 17, 1937. This was a major defeat for the Republic because he was in the process of trying to maintain control and after he was forced to resign. Things started to go the other way for the republic as the nationalist were gaining control and power. This was also important because the Republicans were in need of a strong leader to get them through the war.

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Fransisco Franco becomes head of Nationalist Government and Supreme military commander, October 1936

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Fransisco Franco becomes head of Nationalist Government and Supreme military commander, October 1936

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Fransisco Franco who was once a military commander for the Military of Spain is now the head of the Nationalist party trying to overthrow the government. With the death of Sanjuro in a plane crash Fransisco Franco was now able to take all of the power himself and be supreme leader of the Nationalist army. This is important because now there would be no conflict in decisions since he was the only commander. If the other commanders did not die then the outcome of the war could of changed because they might of decided to do different things in the war which could of changed how it ended up. It is also important because as one man he become more dependent on German and Italian support.

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Soviet union joins the effect to help the Republicans and Madrid is bombed by Nationalist forces, October 29th 1936

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Soviet union joins the effect to help the Republicans and Madrid is bombed by Nationalist forces, October 29th 1936

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October was a big month for Spain as Fransisco Franco became the supreme commander and the Republic received aid from Russia. This aid allowed the Republic to regain some control using their tanks and troop support. During the same time Madrid was bombed for the first time which was the real start of the war. This bombing and month really demonstrated the effect of the outside intervention in the Spanish Civil War. The bombing was done by the germans and at the same time the russians were moving in to attack the nationalist. This is important because without the russains help the republicans would not have the victories they did in the years to come. The bombing on Mardid was important because it demonstrated the nationalist determination and the help that Hitler was giving Fransisco Franco. This was also the start of the ongoing pressure the Nationalist would try to put on Madrid so they would attack other towns and cities.

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The Lincoln Birgade was a group of Americans who decided they wanted to do something to help the Republicans and help stop the spread of Fascism. These Americans were not supported by the government because the government did not want to get involved in the war but rather volunteers who wanted to help. One of the reason why so many Americans wanted to help is because this was the first war that was really made public due to recent technologies such as camera's that allowed Americans to really see what was going on. This is important because the Lincoln Brigades were a big help to the Republicans and they inspired other countries to do the same. It is also important because it is showing how the American people wanted to help Spain when they could of just stayed home and did nothing.

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This was a big victory for the Nationalist because it showed that they are a serious threat that would take over Spain if the Republicans couldn't stop them. This battle was won with the help of the Italian army that provided armored cars and light tanks used to take over Malaga. The republicans were high in spirit but unprepared for war and was overrun by the Professionalism of the Italian army. The republicans did not have enough support or supplies. This battle was important because it was a big victory for the Italian army and because it was the first major loss for the republicans. Once the city was taken over the Nationalist executed 4,000 republican troops.

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Russian tanks and planes stopped Nationalist attempts to cut support from Madrid to Valencia, Febuary 1937

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Russian tanks and planes stopped Nationalist attempts to cut support from Madrid to Valencia, Febuary 1937

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Even though the nationalist were getting serious support and help from the Germans and the Italians the Republicans were getting help as well. The Russians were providing help that the Republicans needed to get their supplies together and learn how to fight in a war. In February 1937 Russian tanks and planes prevented nationalist forces from cutting supply routes from Madrid to Valencia. This allowed the Republicans to get their supplies to where it needed to be and demonstrated the Russian's help in the War. This is important because it shows that without the outside intervention of the Russians the Republicans would of lost the war much faster then they did.

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Nationalist offensive to put pressure on Madrid failed, March 1937

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Nationalist offensive to put pressure on Madrid failed, March 1937

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Madrid was the largest Republican held city in Spain and the nationalist tried many times to take it over. This attempt was with the help of germans but the republicans were more prepared and had the help of the Russians to hold off the nationalists. This is important because the Nationalists did not take this loss easily as they tried to take Madrid many more times. This is important because at this point in the war the Republicans are starting the gain some ground again and be able to get their supplies and troops to where they need to be. The nationalist at this point are doing whatever they can to find a weak point in the Republican forces. They were hoping to put pressure on Madrid to be able to attack other places but this failed. This made the Nationalist have to come up with another plan and use more of their outside help to win the war.

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German condor legion bombs Guernica, April 26th 1937

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German condor legion bombs Guernica, April 26th 1937

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Guernica was a major battle in the Spanish Civil War that killed many people. This battle which led to a nationalist victory was a bombing and raid on a defenseless civilian town. This famous battle was depicted in a painting done by Pablo Picasso. This battle was executed by The German Condor Legion which bombed the town and Italian troops on the ground. This battle is important because it inspired many people to fight in the war and just brought the worlds attention to the war in general. This battle was seen as ruthless and cruel.

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Republican offensive fails at Brunete July 1937

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Republican offensive fails at Brunete July 1937

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This battle was an offensive attempt to try and take some of the pressure from the nationalist off. This was successful until the republicans were forced to leave because they were losing too many troops to stay in Brunete. This is important because this battle demonstrated how much the nationalist were trying to capture and keep pressure on Madrid. Brunette is only 14 miles from Madrid. The nationalist wanted to keep pressure on the Republicans to hurt them in other parts of Spian and it was working because the republicans had to shift their attention to this pressure.

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New Republican popular army captures Teruel in central Spain, December 1937

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New Republican popular army captures Teruel in central Spain, December 1937

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The republican army formed a mission to capture Teruel to shift the momentum in the war and put some pressure on the Nationalist. This was successful; after a month of bombing and many casualties the Republicans took the city. It was not long before the nationalist took the city back which took less then a month. This was a huge defeat for the Republicans as they used many resources to take it over. Franco used his superior amounts of troops and materials to drive the Republicans back out. This loss for the Republicans was a major turning point in the war. This was important because it was the final blow that put the Republicans on their way to defeat as they were running out of resources and ideas to stop the Nationalist from gaining ground.

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Nationalist march on Barcelona and drive back Republicans, March 16 1938

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Nationalist march on Barcelona and drive back Republicans, March 16 1938

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The nationalist decided that it was time to take Barcelona as they had major pressure on the republicans in Madrid and after the Republicans loss in Teruel. The Nationalist with the help of the German Condor bombed Barcelona killing over 1,400 and wounding another 2,000. Once this was done Franco and his troops were able to enter the city. This was important because again it showed how the Germans helped Franco win the war and this defeat for the Republicans really set this up for defeat. At this point there was nothing the republicans could do to turn the war around.

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Barcelona falls to Nationalist, February 1939

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Barcelona falls to Nationalist, February 1939

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After more fighting the Nationalist kept driving back the Republicans and finally was able to fully take over the city. With the force of the germans and the Italians the Republicans had nothing to stop the massive wave of power coming through and the Nationalist were finally able to take over the city. This was important because now the nationalist had the Republicans cornered as they only had Madrid left. This was also important because much of the city was destroyed in the process and many civilains died. This war did a lot of damage on the country and to the civilians as well.

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The Republican Army formed a military Junta, March 5th, 1939

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The Republican Army formed a military Junta, March 5th, 1939

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With the Republican army ready to give up many military leaders formed a Military junta to revolt against the Republican Army. They did this to get them to form a peace deal with the Nationalists. Juan Negrin was the prime minister at the time and did not want to do this so he fought the Junta and lost. Once the Junta won they formed peace terms with the Nationalist. The formation of the military Junta is important because without them the war would of lasted longer meaning more blood would of been shed. The Junta also shows that the troops in the republican army was just defeated and ready to stop fighting.

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Nationalist enter Madrad, March 28, 1939

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Nationalist enter Madrad, March 28, 1939

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The Nationalist with still a overwhelming amount of supplies and support was able to finally enter Madrid due to the Republican's depleted supplies from the loss of Barcelona and the revolt of the Military Junta. The Republicans didn't have much to stop the Nationalist and the war was coming to an end. This is important because it marked the end of the war besides the surrendering of the last of the Republican Army because they now had control of all of Spain. This was a huge event for Franco, Hitler and Mussolini because they had been fighting at Madrid for so long and they were finally able to take it over.

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The last of the Rupublican forces surrendered, April 1st 1939

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The last of the Rupublican forces surrendered, April 1st 1939

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On April 1st 1939 the last of the Republican forces surrendered and Franco finally won the war. Once this happened many leaders included Juen Negrin fled the country to safety. Many Republicans were executed once the war ended. The country was left in ruined and the country started to realize the damage they did. Many cities and towns were destroyed and the people were worn out from war. It will take Spain a long time to recover from the war but Hitler thought we got what he wanted which was another allie for future wars. This is important because this was Hitler's motive the whole time. Spain ended up not really helping Hitler in WWII as Spain remained neutral throughout the war.