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About 70% of people that are diagnosed with Leukemia are over the age of 85 years or older.

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Treatment if the patient has Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

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Treatment if the patient has Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

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The patient will need to start treatment as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed,

They'll be given a drug called Gleevec which stops CML from getting worse.

they will also need a bone marrow transplant.

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If bone marrow stem cells change they can become Leukemia cells. Learning of these changes can help reveal why Leukemia can turn uncontrollable and why it doesn't grow into normal, mature cells.

Scientist are beginning to achieve success in fighting Leukemia in children by using their immune system. Immune cells from blood from a limited number of children who are no longer responding to treatment was taken and modified. When it was returned, the cells had increased and fought off the leukemia. Though the research is still new, scientist are hopeful. With more research, this can become an established treatment.

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A malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes. These suppress the production of normal blood cells, leading to anemia and other symptoms.

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Stage 1 - Chronic Stage

In the chronic stage of Leukemia 9 out of 10 people are diagnosed. There are no major symptoms to this stage, but you feel a little fatigued and you have a bit of weightloss.

Stage 2 - Accelerated Stage

In the accelerated stage of Leukemia you spleen is enlarged, and you have a painful feeling to the left of your stomach. Between 10% and 30% of your blood cells in your bone marrow are immature blast.

Stage 3 - Blast Stage

In the blast stage blast cells fill your bone marrow. Your symptoms will make you feel sick and you will have an enlarged spleen.

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The staging of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is described in phases. The phase of your CML helps your doctor to decide which treatment you need.

What staging means

When your doctors have all your test results, they know how far your leukaemia has developed. This is called staging. The staging in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is described in 3 phases. These are the chronic phase, accelerated phase and the blast phase.

Staging can be quite complicated. Ask your doctor or specialist nurse if you are not sure which phase your CML is.

How doctors work out your phase

Your doctor looks at all your test results. In particular, they look at the number of immature white blood cells called blasts. This is measured with a blood test and a bone marrow test.

Chronic phase

The chronic phase is when the leukaemia is most stable and still developing slowly.

About 9 out of 10 people (90%) are in chronic phase when they are diagnosed. Some people are diagnosed by chance and have no symptoms.

You might have symptoms that are mild and vague. You might feel tired and lose a little weight. Your tummy (abdomen) might be swollen due to an enlarged spleen.

The number of white cells in your blood might be raised, as well as the number of platelets.

In this phase, typically fewer than 1 in 10 (10%) of the blood cells in your bone marrow are immature white blood cells known as blasts.

Treatment

Biological therapy is the most common treatment for this phase using a drug called imatinib (Glivec). Most people respond well to this treatment and the CML can stay under control for several years.

Imatinib may not work for some people, or it stops working after a period of time. In this situation, your doctor might recommend another type of biological therapy called nilotinib (Tasigna).

Other treatment options include:

chemotherapy

intensive treatment with bone marrow or stem cell transplant

A transplant is not suitable for everyone. You have to be reasonably fit and well to cope with the treatment and its side effects.

For CML, you usually have a transplant using the stem cells or bone marrow of a donor. This is called an allogeneic transplant.

Accelerated phase

In the accelerated phase, you have more obvious symptoms. You might notice that you feel more tired than usual. You may lose weight. Your tummy (abdomen) might be swollen due to an enlarged spleen. This might give you an uncomfortable or painful feeling to the left of your stomach, under your ribs.

In this phase between 10% and 30% of the blood cells in your bone marrow are immature blasts.

Treatment

The treatment for the accelerated phase depends on the treatment you have already had. Imatinib (Glivec) is normally the first choice unless you have already had it in the chronic phase.

Some people who have imatinib for the first time in the accelerated phase might have a good response to treatment. It might put their CML back into the more stable chronic phase for a time.

You might have treatment with biological therapy if you have already had imatinib. For example, nilotinib (Tasigna) or dasatinib (Sprycel).

Other treatment options include chemotherapy. Or your doctor might recommend more intensive treatment using a bone marrow or stem cell transplant. This is more likely if you are younger and fairly fit and well.

Blast phase

The blast phase is also called the acute phase, blast crisis or blast transformation. This is when the leukaemia transforms into an acute leukaemia (usually acute myeloid leukaemia).

In this phase many blast cells fill the bone marrow. There are also more blast cells in the blood.

You can feel quite unwell and your symptoms could be troublesome. Your spleen is enlarged.

In this phase, more than 30% of the blood cells in your bone marrow or blood are immature blast cells. The leukaemic cells might have spread to other organs.

Treatment

Your doctor might suggest treatment with imatinib (Glivec) if you haven't had it before. Or you might have other biological treatments, such as nilotinib or dasatinib.

Other options include:

chemotherapy with a combination of drugs that's usually used for acute leukaemia

a bone marrow or stem cell transplant

You might have treatment to relieve symptoms. For example, radiotherapy to shrink an enlarged spleen. Or radiotherapy to reduce pain in the bones.

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The staging of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is described in phases. The phase of your CML helps your doctor to decide which treatment you need. When your doctors have all your test results, they know how far your leukaemia has developed. This is called staging.

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The current treatment -  Different therapies -  Acute Leukemia 

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The current treatment -  Different therapies -  Acute Leukemia 

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1. Induction therapy. With Chemotherapy

When a patient is in remission they will need Consolation Therapy or Post Induction Therapy, and possibly chemotherapy. as well as bone marrow transplant.

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How many people have Leukemia in the US?

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How many people have Leukemia in the US?

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In 2014, it was estimated that there would be 52,380 new cases of Leukemia.

Common Types of Cancer

Estimated New
Cases 2014

Estimated
Deaths 2014

1 | Prostate Cancer | 233,000 | 29,480
2. | Breast Cancer (Female) | 232,670 | 40,000
3. | Lung and Bronchus Cancer | 224,210 | 159,260
4. | Colon and Rectum Cancer | 136,830 | 50,310
5. | Melanoma of the Skin | 76,100 | 9,710
6. | Bladder Cancer | 74,690 | 15,580
7. | Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | 70,800 | 18,990
8. | Kidney and Renal Pelvis Cancer | 63,920 | 13,860
9. | Thyroid Cancer | 62,980 | 1,890
10. | Endometrial Cancer | 52,630 | 8,590
- | - | -
11. | Leukemia | 52,380 | 24,090

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http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/leuks.html (Survival Rate)

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Leukemia (Tissue Effects)

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemiainchildren/detailedguide/childhood-leukemia-new-research (Recent Research)

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/142595.php (Current Treatment)

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Percent Surviving
5 Years after having Leukemia
57.2%

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SEER is an authoritative source of information on cancer incidence and survival in the United States. SEER currently collects and publishes cancer incidence and survival data from population-based cancer registries covering approximately 28 percent of the U.S. population.

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1. Unlike other cancers, leukemia does not produce a mass (tumor), but results in the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Leukemia begins in the immature or developing cells of the bone marrow, the soft, spongy tissue found in the central cavities of bones.

2. Leukemia - Cleveland Clinic

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- Leukemia Research Foundation

{http://www.leukemia-research.org}

- Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS)

{http://www.lls.org}

- Children's Leukemia Research Association, Inc

{http://www.childrensleukemia.org}

-CLL Global Research Foundation

{http://www.cllglobal.org}