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Pacific Islanders explored the South Pacific region before it was ever recorded. Asians then began to migrate through the pacific.

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Phoenician use costal, and deep-water routes to trade. When sailing at night sailors followed the North Star, or also known by “Phoenician Star.”

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Polynesian voyagers begin to move east past New Guinea, and settled along the Solomon Islands.

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Nero Claudius Drusus built and launched a fleet of over a thousand ships. The ships were used to conquer  indigenous tribes in the North Sea

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Eratosthenes of Cyrene of the Academy in Alexandria developed a calculation of the earth’s circumference

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Hipparchus of Nicaea was a Greek mathematician who developed a 360 degree system and arranged latitude and longitude.

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The Polynesians develop an official system for navigating the islands in the South Pacific which is 10 million square miles. They used the stars, sun, planets, moon, winds, and tides.

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Medieval monks recorded and observed tidal movements along the coast of England.

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The invention of the sawmill allows for more ships to be build, which allows for more ocean exploration

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1492 Christopher Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue 

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1492 Christopher Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue 

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King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to give him ships and a crew. He set sail in 1492. Columbus promised to bring back gold, spices, and silks from the Far East, to spread Christianity, and to lead an expedition to China. He sailed with three ships, the Nina, Pinta, and Santa-Maria.

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Ferdinand Magellan started the first sailing journey around the world and they finished in 1521

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Abraham Ortelius was a Dutch cartographer who mapped the first modern atlas

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Edmond Hailey created the first global map of surface winds and is one of the most important pieces in the theory of atmospheric general circulation.

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Isaac Newton published Principia Mathematica which gave an explanation for how gravity works and how the tide causes them.

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From 1728 to 1736 John Harrison developed a clock with out a pendulum. Instead his clock used springs to work.

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William Gerard de Brahm makes the first authoritative chart of the Gulf Stream.

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Captained by James Cook, over ten years the HMS circled the world three times and mapped many countries. James Cook also recognized the need for Vitamin C to prevent scurvy.

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1753-1774 Benjamin Franklin & The Gulf Stream

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1753-1774 Benjamin Franklin & The Gulf Stream

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US colonial deputy postmaster general, Benjamin Franklin publish an article on the Gulf Stream a current traveling east bound roughly 6 to 7 mph, this helped shorten the time it took for the ships to return.

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Pierre-Simon developed the theory of tides stating every finite volume of fluid has its own preferred wave frequencies.

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Thomas Jefferson mandated costal charting of the whole UD and created the Geodetic survey.

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In 1834 the HMS Beagle, a British warship left Devonport. The ship was carrying Charles Darwin, where they traveled to the South American coastline and Charles Darwin began his studies.

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Appointed superintendent of the Depot of Charts & Instruments of the Navy Department in Washington. By studying navigational and meteorological charts. Maury conducted the first systematic study of the ocean's surface currents and winds. He produced the first reliable wind and current charts of the ocean.

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Mathew Maury collected ship’s logs from around the world.

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Drawings of one of the sounding machines used to get the depth of the ocean used on the Challenger.

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This marked the start of modern oceanography. It was organized to gather data on a wide range of ocean data, including ocean temperatures seawater chemistry, currents, marine life, and the geology of the seafloor.

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Henrik Mohn, develops a formula for computing ocean current speeds.

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Marine biology association was founded

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The Titanic is a big ship that sank and is one of the most famous tragedies in modern history

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Alfred Wegener was born in Berlin, Germany on November 1, 1880. He spent a great deal of time in Greenland as part of several exploration and research expeditions. His book “The Origin of Continents and Oceans” was originally published in Germany in 1929 and was instrumental in the development of the theory of seafloor spreading.

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Thor Heyerdahl was on a raft drifting and explained his experience by being in touch with the water. Known as Kon-Tiki

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Russia developed Sputnik. this was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was about the size of a beach ball.

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The Coastal Zone Color Scanner Experiment (CZCS), launched aboard NIMBUS-7 in October 1978, was the first instrument devoted to the measurement of ocean color and flown on a spacecraft.

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Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) was so successful that a new international Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) was created in 1985. Ocean floor drilling continues today with a larger and more technologically advanced ship, the JOIDES Resolution. This 469-foot (143-meter) ship can drill in water that is 27,018 feet (8,234 meters) deep.

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The Fasham Model was developed which shows a diagram of the upper model ocean ecosystem

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Davis and Webb created a pop-up drifter. It shows uninterrupted current measurements and created a foundation for drifting buoy programs.

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TOPEX/Poseidon was a satellite mission that measured the sea level every 10 days. It charted the height of the seas and gave information for El Niño’s and La Nina’s.

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QuikSCAT was launched into space and was a mission to collect data to fill the gap made by NSCAT.

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The first ARGO free-drifting profiling floats were created and used.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Jason-1 was launched from California’s Vandenberg Air Force Base which was a mission to monitor global ocean circulation.

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The SeaWinds Scatterometer measures near surface wind velocity.

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Ocean vector winds mission, the mission will be a follow on to the sea winds and Adeos 11 mission.