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PYPx 2122 EXPERT SESSIONS (PHOTOS/VIDEOS/RECS)

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Plagiarism Presentation by Mr. Johan - 19th October

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Plagiarism Presentation by Mr. Johan - 19th October

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Plagiariam Lecture for students of Tunas Muda School Kedoya (19 Oct 2021)

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The Impact of Music on Mental Health - Mr.Jonathan Milan

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The Impact of Music on Mental Health - Mr.Jonathan Milan

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1_SDGs Lecture for Students of Tunas Muda School Kedoya, Jakarta, Indonesia (15 September 2021)

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Google Search Tricks - Study Tips - Online Research

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How We Express Differently - Good Health & Well-Being - Ms.Stella

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How We Express Differently - Good Health & Well-Being - Ms.Stella

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We express Differently

How we Express Ourselves

Good Health and Well - being / Media Responsibility

Bully VS Bullied

What do you know about bullying ?What may cause bullying ?What are the differences between Traditional and Cyber bullying ?

Bullying and teens life

The bullying Japanesse School

Bullying at school

Physical and verbal Bullying

Physical bullying can involve hitting, kicking, pinching, pushing, or otherwise attacking others.Verbal bullying refers to the use of words to harm others with name-calling, insults, making sexual or bigoted comments, harsh teasing, taunting, mimicking, or verbal threats.Relational bullying focuses on excluding someone from a peer group, usually through verbal threats, spreading rumors, and other forms of intimidation

Cyber BUllying

VS

The most common way that cyber bullying happens is through the internet. This can be on social media, email, or directly on the web.LStatistics show that girls ages 15-17 have the highest percentage of cyber bullying, and this kind of cyberbullying tends to be name-calling, rumor spreading, and morehe fact is that 88% of social media using teens say that they have seen something mean or cruel directed at a person through social media.

Cyber bullying

Youth Bullying

Statistical of bullying

Case studyRead in groups

How effective are anti-bullying programmes in school?

1. What one person sees as bullying is for another teasing. Is there a scientific definition?

Cyberbullying is a relatively new phenomenon. Is it as harmful as offline bullying?

Answer in paddlet

What kind of research are you doing, and what are your most recent insights?

Group Discussion

Present your suggestion

Please highlight what is going on now ?

Share your ideas

Share your ideas or opinions in the classroom

Ask audience for their input

To what extent we should expreess our emotions and feelings to others ?

"

"

Resources

http://uis.unesco.org/en/news/new-sdg-4-data-bullyinghttps://savvytokyo.com/bullying-japanese-schools/https://bangkok.unesco.org/content/school-bullying-asia-pacific-affects-us-all

Children and Youth Services Review.Volume 55, August 2015, Pages 128-137.

Thanks!

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Year 6 UNSDG by stellamonicaf on Genially

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We express Differently How we Express Ourselves Good Health and Well - being / Media Responsibility Bully VS Bullied What do you know about bullying ?What may cause bullying ?What are the differences between Traditional and Cyber bullying ?

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i photo coco because the glasses gives me a really big vintage vibe

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My Photo 6D-Kenneth
I have no props around me .-.

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I took a picture of my turtles and fish. I took a picture of my turtle Terry, because he is one of my closest companions.

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Goldfish and Angelfish. I want to take a picture of them because I think that they are very vibrant and colourful.

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Oreo's color is shiny and the pigment is strong. She is very cute and I take an Oreo photo because I want to remember her in adolesence phase.

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Throw your trash to the bin!

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The beauty of my garden plants is very refreshing. It seems like all my stress is all gone seeing this.

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I decided to photo my garden plants because I want to show their beauty, and how wonderful God created the plants.

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I decided to take a picture of this plant because it's one of my grandma's favourite plants.

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I did this Because The sun showed a good bright lighting vibe-

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This is a picture where if we throw trash randomly

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I took a picture of my cat since he was eating my plant :”)
-kaia 6D

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I took a picture of my sister's crystals

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I took a picture of this to show my mother's plants. I then added details at picsart

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Oh no a plane on FIRE! TIME TO GO!!

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I took a picture of my dog because it reminds me of my memories with it....

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I decided to take a picture of this painting because, this reminded me the breeze and the peaceful feeling .

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A simple pond flower painting - Emma 6L 

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A simple pond flower painting - Emma 6L 

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I take this photo for my BI project. I must explain about the sandwich so I try to take photo with good angle.

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I picture this as Jurassic World aftermath where vegetation has taken over the place with abandoned Ingen technology. Showing that human control can not always last forever, because life will always find a way despite everything that sets it back..

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HINTS AND TIPS FOR BEING A GREAT PUBLIC SPEAKER

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(this is not from google, it's my opinion)
There are different media for different purposes/people. So it depends on what media you use. Like Canva for example. Canva is mainly to make posters and graphic designs, but you can make a prototype website and a video with Canva. Or Procreate, as Procreate is made for art and design, as you can draw with different brushes for different types of art.

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Media is ways to give/communicate information. Examples of medias are radios, newspapers, and television. (summarized)
https://www.yourdictionary.com/media

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The middle coat of the wall of a blood or lymph vessel.

As a result of the rise of, first, television news and entertainment media and, second, web-based media, traditional print-based media has declined in popularity.

(usually with a definite article; often used as uncountable, though such use is proscribed) The journalists and other professionals who comprise the mass communication industry.

Some celebrities dislike press conferences, where the media bombards them with questions.

all the means of communication, as newspapers, radio, and TV, that provide the public with news, entertainment, etc., usually along with advertising

Other Word Forms of Media

Noun

Idioms, Phrasal Verbs Related to Media

Find Similar Words

Find similar words to media using the buttons below.

Words Starting With M and Ending With A

Words Near Media in the Dictionary

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Media definition: The middle, often muscular layer of the wall of a blood vessel.

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Media is the plural of medium. It means any kind of channel of communication. From printed paper to social media, they are all types of media. Anything that can reach and influence people, it is considered media.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1098/media

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This definition explains the multiple meanings of the term Media and why it matters in the tech industry.

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Media is the plural form for medium and involves the collective communication sources or mediums including television, radio, newspapers, internet, social media sites and various relevant sites and blogs. The main purpose of media is to disseminate the information and knowledge.

link https://indianexpresss.in/meaning-and-importance-of-media-essay/

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Means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, magazines, and the internet, that reach or influence people widely:

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/media

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The types of media ( which is primarily television, newspapers and radio ) – spread and give information. Getting your information into the media will spread your story further than it could be spread without media coverage.

-www.ourcommunity.com

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(My base opinion accumulated from earlier PYP session)
Media is a form of expression via arts, photos, dancing, etc.

(From Media | Definition of Media by Merriam-Webster (First definition)
A medium of cultivation, conveyance, or expression.

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the main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the internet) regarded collectively.

"their demands were publicized by the media"

https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/

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Oxford Languages and Google - English | Oxford Languages

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Google's English dictionary is provided by Oxford Languages. Oxford Languages is the world's leading dictionary publisher, with over 150 years of experience creating and delivering authoritative dictionaries globally in more than 50 languages.

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Media is a platform that can be offline or online for doing projects. There are types of medias like canva, picsart, etc. Types of media in offline are like painting, drawing, photography, etc. Now days a lot of people use online medias for their projects since we are using online things. You can also use online medias on mobile devices such as procreate, ibis paint x, etc.

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media is any form of communication that can deliver information. examples: newspaper, radio, television. [summarized]

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There are 5 main types of media
- Broadcasting (TV, Radios, etc.)
- Print Media  (Newspaper, Magazines, Books, etc.)
- Movies (theaters, etc.)
- Internet (social media, etc.)
- Games (games, etc.)
https://www.superior.edu.pk/
https://medium.com/@andrewmarkgibs/5-types-of-media-dbb40c02f5ec

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Discover transformative academic programs at Superior, where innovation meets tradition. Explore a spectrum of disciplines guided by world-class faculty and embark on a journey of intellectual growth and unparalleled experiential learning.

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Admissions Open - Spring 2024 ENROLL NOW Start your journey of excellence with Pakistan's Top Ranked University! Apply Now Undergraduate Postgraduate Events Dive into a world of intellectual exploration at Superior's diverse events. From scholarly lectures to cultural celebrations, each gathering is a vibrant tapestry of knowledge and inspiration.

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The definition of media is the plural of medium, or ways to communicate information. ... An example of media are CDs and DVDs. An example of media are newspapers, television, radio, printed matter, Internet information and advertising.

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The middle coat of the wall of a blood or lymph vessel.

As a result of the rise of, first, television news and entertainment media and, second, web-based media, traditional print-based media has declined in popularity.

(usually with a definite article; often used as uncountable, though such use is proscribed) The journalists and other professionals who comprise the mass communication industry.

Some celebrities dislike press conferences, where the media bombards them with questions.

all the means of communication, as newspapers, radio, and TV, that provide the public with news, entertainment, etc., usually along with advertising

Other Word Forms of Media

Noun

Idioms, Phrasal Verbs Related to Media

Find Similar Words

Find similar words to media using the buttons below.

Words Starting With M and Ending With A

Words Near Media in the Dictionary

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Media definition: The middle, often muscular layer of the wall of a blood vessel.

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A term which covers all the means of communication which have functions such as informing, raising awareness, education, socialization, entertainment that's written in visual images

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This is a term which covers all the means of communication which have functions such as informing, raising awareness, education, socialization, entertainment and agenda setting, including all kinds of oral, written and visual images.

The Understanding of Entertainment in Press Enterprises in Turkey

Cuneyt Binatli (İstanbul Commerce University, Turkey) and Gozde Sunal (İstanbul Commerce University, Turkey)

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-6190-5.ch007

Marketing techniques have been developed in print media for more than a century in order to increase demand for newspapers and magazines. Readers' choices are determined to be impacted by the promotional practices that have become a crucial financing source for newspapers in the free market economy and the related competitive advantages existing in our country. As an effective promotion method used by companies at press organizations to introduce themselves to their potential customers or to increase their sales, promotional materials were distributed in the past for any entertainment and sales-boosting purposes, without considering their pedagogical effect or the potential harm to the children. It was later agreed that such materials should mainly include educational aspects, as decided by the government. Therefore, the main purpose of this chapter is to describe the recreational promotion products as well as a basic background on the reasons for distributing such products.

We consider media in three types: mass media, niche media, and micro media. The first one concerns broadcasting productions (open TV, newspapers and magazines that have large distribution and circulation, AM and FM radios), niche ones correspond to narrowcasting (such as pay-TV channels, for example).

The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet) regarded collectively. Media are the communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data. The term refers to components of the mass media communications industry, such as print media, publishing, the news media, photography, cinema, broadcasting, and advertising.

The source of mass information (print media; broadcast media, radio, television; social media).

The term refers to components of the mass media communications industry, such as print media, publishing, the news media, photography, cinema, broadcasting (radio and television), and advertising.

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What is Media? Definition of Media: This is a term which covers all the means of communication which have functions such as informing, raising awareness, education, socialization, entertainment and agenda setting, including all kinds of oral, written and visual images.

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1. Traditional media: (my opinion: media that delivers message that is physical and using our physical abilities directly)Examples are: billboard, magazine, newspaper, broadcast, journal, etc. There are two types of traditional media:
Print media: Conveys message through printed paper publications, like magazines, books and newspapers
Broadcast media:
2. Digital media:
3. computer media
4. Mass media
(to be continued)from: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1098/media

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This definition explains the multiple meanings of the term Media and why it matters in the tech industry.

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How We Express Ourselves to Maintain Mental Health

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Museum MACAN has joined the #MuseumFromHome global movement. Explore works from the collection with our curatorial team, learn new skills with fun family workshops to do at home, listen to art podcasts and join in our discussions, also 'visit' our exhibitions with guided virtual tours!

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Museum MACAN has joined the #MuseumFromHome global movement. Explore works from the collection with our curatorial team, learn new skills with fun family workshops to do at home, listen to art podcasts and join in our discussions, also 'visit' our exhibitions with guided virtual tours!

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Museum Macan: Stories across rising lands

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Museum Macan: Stories across rising lands

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Stories Across Rising Lands | Exhibition Introduction by Curators Asep Topan & Jeong-ok Jeon

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Museum Macan: Multiverses and Dreams exhibition

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Museum Macan: Multiverses and Dreams exhibition

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Semesta dan Angan/Multiverses and Dreams: Selections from the Collection of Museum MACAN

# data[].attributes.headline
How We Express Ourselves: Related Concepts

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How We Express Ourselves: Related Concepts

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It has never been easier to publish online or consume digital content. This comes with many advantages and can make teaching and learning so much more targeted and impactful. Living in a digital world also brings up many questions - one issue that is very important to understand is copyright.

Whether you're an educator, student, or blogger, copyright is a topic that is often overlooked as it can be confusing or just not considered important.

Unfortunately, there are also a lot of myths about copyright circulating amongst the education community. Maybe you've heard that you can use any images or texts you find online if you're using them for education? Or perhaps you've heard that you can use any songs in your videos as long as you use less than 30 seconds? Yep, both not true.

Copyright is important for all teachers, students, and bloggers to know about. And it doesn't have to be as complicated as you think. We're here to break down the basics of copyright and other related topics like fair use, public domain, and Creative Commons.

There's a lot to learn in this post so remember to bookmark it and use the menu below to navigate.

Let's get started with the basics.

Let's begin with the 5 main rules you need to remember about copyright.

1) Just because you found it online, doesn't mean it's free to use (even if you're a teacher or student).

2) There are a lot of resources you can use freely including work that has a Creative Commons license or is in the public domain.

3) You have a right as a creator to have your work protected from copying and you can also give your own content a Creative Commons license.

4) If in doubt about using content, ask the creator for permission, find a free alternative, make your own material, or purchase an alternative that has the usage rights you're after.

5) Instead of looking for loopholes, consider whether you're being the most responsible and ethical digital citizen you can be.

📌 Want a poster for your classroom or staffroom? Download a letter-sized poster of the 5 rules to remember here.

Copyright is a form of legal protection offered to creators by default. That means, in many countries (like the USA and Australia), you don't have to register your work to have it protected by copyright.

Some creators do register their work with the U.S. Copyright Office (or the equivalent in their own country). Usually, this is to provide strong evidence to a court that the creator is the copyright holder if there is ever an infringement case. You don't need to have registered your work with the Copyright Office in order to pursue a copyright infringement case.

It's a myth that you have to display a copyright symbol © to protect your work.
Can Others Use Your Copyrighted Work?
If you're a copyright owner, someone else can't copy your work without your permission. They also can't perform the work, distribute copies of the work, display the work publicly, or create derivatives.

If someone does use work that's protected by copyright without permission, that's called copyright infringement. We'll cover this later.
Who Owns The Copyright?
Usually, the creator of a work is the copyright owner but the copyright can also be sold, traded, or inherited.
What Does Copyright Cover?
Copyright covers both published and unpublished works that are tangible in format. So, all tangible original work is protected by copyright whether it's a blog post, music, artwork, photo, play, poem, novel, dance choreography, movie, software, architecture, or more.

Copyright does not protect works that are not tangible, like facts or ideas. Copyright only protects the tangible expression of your ideas. So you might have a great idea for a blog post about teaching 5th grade math but unless you actually write the post, you can't protect the idea that's floating around in your head. And you can't stop others from writing about the same idea.

You can read more about the basics of copyright on the U.S. Copyright Office website (or on your own country's official site). There are some variations between countries.

So now you understand that most of the work you're accessing online or in books is going to be protected by copyright (images, text, videos, music, and more). This means you can't necessarily use these materials freely on your class blog, website, or with your students in your classroom.

"But fair use applies here doesn't it", I hear you ask? Because you're using images, text, videos, or music for educational purposes, that's okay, right? Teachers and students don't have to worry?

Not necessarily.

The more you dig in to the topic of fair use, the more you come to realize it is a gray area.

As the U.S. Copyright Office explains, The Classroom Use Exemption 17 U.S.C. §110(1) allows you to use copyrighted material when you meet certain criteria.

If you're teaching online or wanting to hand out copies of work, then you may not be covered by this exemption. Furthermore, these fair use laws are specific to the U.S. so if you're in another country, you may not be covered. Some countries don't have a fair use law or they may be more specific or broad than the U.S.

For example, in Australia, there is " Fair Dealing " which is an exception to copyright infringement that's a little more specific than in the U.S. You may be able to use portions of copyright material without permission for the purpose of:

research or study

criticism or review

parody or satire

reporting news, or

enabling a person with a disability to access the material

Overall, fair use isn't as simple as it seems, right? Instead of trying to find loopholes with fair use, a better approach is to look for materials that you can use freely.

The best place to start is with public domain or Creative Commons materials. So let's dig into that.

In general, in the U.S., copyright lasts for the life of the author plus seventy years after the author's death.

What happens to work after the copyright expires? Well, it becomes part of the public domain. Works can also enter the public domain if they are factual (e.g. charts or calendars), they are published before a certain date, or a creator has assigned their work to the public domain.

When something is in the public domain it means the work is owned by the public and you don't have to get permission to use it. This is great for educators looking for materials they can freely use with their students.

Example Public Domain Resources

There are many places online where you can find books, images, audio, and videos that are in the public domain.

Some popular choices for public domain materials include:

Sometimes creators (copyright holders) are happy for others to use their work, as long as they meet certain conditions.

A creator can place a Creative Commons license on their work which describes the terms of using, modifying, and sharing the works. A simple license removes the hassle of others having to ask the creator for permission.

Creative Commons is an international organization that made this system possible. The mission of the Creative Commons organization is clear,

By helping people and organizations share knowledge and creativity, we aim to build a more equitable, accessible, and innovative world.

If a creator decides to attach a Creative Commons license to their work, there are six Creative Commons licenses to choose from.

I have written a post on my own blog about copyright and Creative Commons that includes a poster to simplify the licenses.

The poster includes a Creative Commons license so you're welcome to use the poster in your classroom or share it with your colleagues (a poster about Creative Commons licenses that includes a Creative Commons license - meta, right?). There is a PDF version of the poster on my blog.

👉🏽 If you'd like to learn more about Creative Commons licenses, the video below by McLaughlin Library is a good place to start. You can learn more about Creative Commons Licenses on the official website of the organization as well.

If you need images for your blog, website, videos, or other projects, Creative Commons images are a good choice. As long as you're using the image according to the license with attribution, you won't be infringing copyright.

If you're looking for images that have a Creative Commons license, there are an increasing number of options out there. We'll show you some of the more popular options, but first, it's important to understand attribution.

All Creative Commons resources require attribution unless they're licensed with the least restrictive Creative Commons Zero license. That means no attribution is required and you can use the resource however you like.

Let's take a look at how to attribute Creative Commons images. The same instructions apply to other works (text, videos, etc.).

How To Attribute Creative Commons Images

When you use a resource with a Creative Commons license, you have to attribute it in a particular way. Attributing means sharing the details of the work and giving credit.

The acronym TASL can help us remember what to include.

Title of the image or material (don't worry if there is no title)

Author or creator of the image/material

Source of the image/material. Where is it from? Include a link if possible so others can find it

License - include which of the six Creative Commons licenses applies to the work

Here's a photo I found on Wikimedia Commons of a bridge in Western Australia. You can see I included the attribution below the image.

By Dietmar Rabich, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=84138882

If you use images from Wikimedia Commons, getting the attribution information is easy. As you go to download the image, you're prompted to copy the attribution information.

You can copy the attribution information either in plain text format (as in caption above), or as HTML as shown below.

If you insert HTML into your blog post, it'll become hyperlinked. Learn more about inserting custom HTML in Edublogs/CampusPress/WordPress block editor here.

👉🏽 If you'd like to learn more about attribution and explore some examples of ideal, acceptable, and unacceptable attributions, check out this page on the Creative Commons wiki. There's also a handy PDF about attribution on the Australian Creative Commons website.

Now you know the basics of attribution. Let's take a look at where you can find images and music that have a Creative Commons license. We'll begin with images that don't require attribution.

Creative Commons Zero Images
(No Attribution Required)
There are a number of websites where you can find images that are free to use without attribution (Creative Commons Zero).

I've written a post on my blog about the best websites to find Creative Commons images that either don't require attribution or the attribution is included within the image like the example below from Photos For Class:

The sites reviewed in my post and the summary diagram below are:

* Photos For Class currently has fewer options than it used to. The team has told us they aim to improve this in mid-2020. 🤞🏽

Here's a summary poster that you're free to use in your own teaching.

The one issue that a lot of educators overlook is that a lot of these free image sites are age-restricted. So if you teach younger students, many sites are not going to be suitable.

Another thing to consider is that even though the images from these sites don't need to be attributed (or they include the attribution information within the image) it's still a good idea to teach students about copyright, Creative Commons, and attribution. As producers and consumers on the web, these are really vital understandings for students and all internet users. Just remember, even if attribution isn't required, it's always appreciated by the creator.

Creative Commons Images That Require Attribution

Apart from the sites listed above with images that don't require attribution, there are other places to find images with one of the six Creative Commons licenses that do require attribution.
Creative Commons Search Engine
The first place you might want to look is the search engine on the official Creative Commons website. This is an excellent tool that was updated in 2019. It allows you to search through millions of CC images from more than 20 different sites.

When using the search engine, you can easily filter the search results - for example, you can filter by file type, use, or license.

There's also a Creative Commons search browser extension that allows you to look for Creative Commons images on the go.

Wikimedia Commons
We already mentioned Wikimedia Commons above in the section about attribution. Wikimedia Commons has a large collection of images, audio, and videos that are free to use. Most require attribution.

Wikimedia Commons collections are included in the Creative Commons search engine so that tool really is a one-stop shop.
Search For Creative Commons Images On Google
Sadly, it is common practice for many teachers, students, and bloggers to take images straight from Google. Most images on Google are protected by copyright and using these images is illegal and unethical.

You may know that you can do an advanced search on Google to find Creative Commons images, although it does require a few steps. First, you need to filter your search results to find images that can be reused.

This video from Jurupa School District explains how to do that.

Then the next step, that is not shown in the video, is you have to click through to the site the image is from, look for the Creative Commons license, and attribute your image correctly.

As we saw above, using the Creative Commons search engine or Wikimedia Commons makes it really simple to attribute your chosen image. All you really have to do is copy/paste. Using Google search doesn't make it easy to attribute Creative Commons images. So this is not the way we'd recommend finding Creative Commons images online.

No doubt there have been many times when you want to use music on your blog, in your content, or in class. When you're creating a video it can be extremely tempting to use popular music that reflects the mood and emotion of the footage. Or maybe you want students to play popular music at a performance or public event.

As you probably know, most music is protected by copyright. It doesn't matter if you paid for a song or not, it's still protected by copyright. It doesn't matter if you're only using 30 seconds or less of a song, it's still protected by copyright.

Let's take a look at some specific examples of music and copyright.

Using Music In Projects Like Videos

Normally, you can't just use any music you like in your projects or videos.

However, in many countries, there are exceptions. For example, in the U.S. and Australia, you are allowed to copy music to add to a video if:

a) it's for educational purposes and
b) you're not sharing your video publicly (or selling it!)

So, if you make a video with music that's protected by copyright, it's not okay to publish this on a public blog, social media, YouTube, and so on. And you couldn't show your video at a public event. However, it's okay if the video is just being shown privately to teachers, students, and families at home/school.

It's also important to note that background music is not considered "educational use".

Paying For Music And Streaming

There are popular sites and apps where you can pay to download or stream music legally - for example, Apple Music, Google Play Music, and Spotify.

You can listen to your downloaded music yourself, but can't upload the music to your blog or to a video or other project you're working on.

It's fine to stream music videos on sites like YouTube too but it's not usually legal to download the audio from a YouTube video as explained in this article.

Also, streaming music is meant for personal use - not for a public broadcast.

As Spotify says,

...it's not possible to use Spotify in public places (such as bars, restaurants, stores, schools, etc.). You may only make personal, non-commercial, entertainment use of the content.

Most streaming services are similar.

Embedding Music Videos

Embedding a music video from a site like YouTube or Vimeo into your blog is usually allowed.

As Richard Byrne says,

If the host provides an embed and you embed it using their code according to their rules (usually that means not trying to hide branding), you can embed it without violating copyright.

You can also link to music files or videos that are publicly available on the web.

Using Purchased CDs

Some people still listen to music by buying a CD or borrowing one from the library, although, of course, digital music is becoming a lot more popular than CDs in many parts of the world.

Again, you can't copy the music from a CD and use it for another public project (e.g. upload it to your blog or add it to a public video). It doesn't matter if you have purchased the CD legitimately.

👉🏽 If you'd like to learn more about using music in education for other purposes including school concerts and online learning, check out this fact sheet from the National Association of Music Education.

Creative Commons Or Copyright Free Music

Even though most music out there is protected by copyright, there are many places online to find Creative Commons or other copyright free music options.

You might first like to check if your district has any subscriptions you can make the most of. For example, Soundzabound.

If this isn't an option, there are lots of other sources of free music online.

Three options for free music and audio are:

Let's take a look at how these three sites work.

Dig CC Mixter

Dig CC Mixter offers thousands of hours of free music.

The music on this site has different Creative Commons licenses so you need to check whether you need to attribute the music or not.

Educational Blogger Richard Byrne explains in a video how to use Dig CC Mixter and filter by license.

YouTube Audio Library

YouTube has a great library of music you can use. Visit the Audio Library on YouTube to browse the selections.

If you click on Attribution, you can filter your results to find music that does or doesn't require attribution.

You can preview the music to see what it sounds like and download the music you want to use.

Here's an example called Sunshine in my Heart by Jingle Punks.

BBC Sound Effects

During 2018, the BBC made over 16,000 sound effects available to use. These sound effects are not actually Creative Commons - they're protected by copyright but the BBC gives permission for the sound effects be used for personal, educational, or research purposes.

You can browse by category to find the sort of sound effect you're after for your project.

You should put a link in your project or blog post to say that your sound effects are from the BBC and link to their site.

Here is an example of a sound clip. This is the sound of the surf at Bondi Beach, Sydney, Australia.

Surf - Bondi Beach, bbc.co.uk, copyright 2020

Where would we be without all the awesome video content we now have at our fingertips on the web? In the education world, extensive video libraries like YouTube are becoming priceless.

Video copyright can be complicated as video can draw together multiple elements - video footage, images, music, sound effects, and so on. When using, sharing, or creating video, you need to make sure all of these elements are not protected by copyright.

Can You Link Or Embed Videos?

You are free to embed any video from sites like YouTube, Vimeo, TeacherTube, TedED etc. on your blog or website as long as it gives you the embed option. It's a good idea to add a link to the video as well.

Linking or embedding from YouTube or other sites on the web is not considered copying. Just make sure the videos aren't violating copyright. If they are, they'll probably be taken down by the site eventually but some content gets through.

Can You Download Videos From Sites Like YouTube?

While linking and embedding videos is okay, you shouldn't download videos from YouTube. Sometimes this is tempting for teachers especially if they have unreliable internet connectivity, they're worried about a video being removed in future, or they want to add a video to a learning management system. However, downloading videos raises many legal questions and generally violates copyright.

Additionally, you can't necessarily use parts of videos from YouTube (or other sources) to make mashups or remixes. If you want to cut or remix videos, it is better to use Creative Commons content, public domain content, or request permission from the copyright holder.

Uploading Your Own Videos To YouTube

If you want to upload your videos to a site like YouTube remember to respect copyright. You should only upload videos that you made or that you have permission to upload. Make sure there aren't copyrighted elements (e.g. music or images) in your videos. Of course, get permission from your school or district if these videos are being used professionally.

Educators should be especially careful about permission if using footage of students. Some teachers use the blurring tools available in YouTube to blur student faces and identifying objects. Richard Byrne shares a demonstration of how to do this on his website.

👉🏽 If you're a creator and would like to learn more about videos and copyright, YouTube has a useful playlist of eight videos on their YouTube Creators channel.

Showing Videos To Students

Teachers can show videos in class for educational reasons, such as videos legally uploaded to YouTube (however, some districts don't allow YouTube to be used in schools).

If you have a legitimate copy of an offline video (e.g. DVD), you're allowed to use this in class for face-to-face teaching as long as it's for educational purposes (not for entertainment or a reward).

Remember, this would be in line with the U.S. fair use policies we described above, so check your own country's guidelines if in doubt. If you're in Australia, a useful website for all things copyright is https://www.smartcopying.edu.au

Say you've purchased a textbook or other teaching materials. You can obviously use these materials in class and you might be able to make photocopies, however, in most cases you can't upload purchased curriculum or books to a public site. That means don't put scans, photos, or PDFs of textbooks, worksheets, posters, picture books, novels, or other learning materials on your public blog or website.

If in doubt, seek guidance from the company you purchased the curriculum materials from about reuse.

Marketplaces Like Teachers Pay Teachers

Not so long ago, we were all purchasing our curriculum materials from professional organizations. Now anyone can be a creator and with the rise of sites like Teachers Pay Teachers, new copyright questions have arisen. As Education Week has pointed out, copyright infringement is rife on this popular marketplace.

What does this mean for you? Well, if you're uploading to a site like Teachers Pay Teachers you need to make sure you have permission to use all your elements including fonts and images.

If you're downloading resources from Teachers Pay Teachers, you need to seek clarification about how these can be used. And also keep an eye out for resources that look like they could be violating copyright before you use them (e.g. copies of a published textbook). There is limited vetting of copyright materials on Teachers Pay Teachers. As a savvy internet user, we all need to have an awareness of the larger copyright traps that are out there.

Link To Curriculum Resources

Linking may be a useful alternative to copying curriculum materials. If third-party text, articles, or other content is available on the web, teachers or students could include a link to the content on their blog or website.

Like embedding, linking is not a copyright activity because you're not "copying" the content. You're just providing a path to the original location that the readers can access themselves.

Creative Commons Textbooks And Curriculum

Another option to avoid copyright violations is to use curriculum materials that have Creative Commons licenses. One example is OpenStax. You can browse to find textbooks for a range of topics and the materials are free to use however you see fit.

You'll find some more open textbooks and course materials listed on this Open Washington page.

We know that most images, text, music, and other content are protected by copyright by default. Using work protected by copyright without permission is called copyright infringement. This is unethical and illegal. "Using" the work might involve reproducing, displaying, distributing, performing, or making your own derivatives.

But I Won't Be Caught...

If only that were true.

Google makes it incredibly easy for companies and content creators to seek out those posting their work on the web. In fact, most large companies now aggressively patrol the internet looking for copyright infringement.

Sadly, we are also noticing more and more "law firms" and organizations out there looking for copyrighted content as a way of generating business. They then contact the copyright holder offering their services to get the content removed (for a fee of course). It is a ruthless (and apparently profitable) practice.

Another issue that is important to be aware of involves Creative Commons Zero sites. There have been cases where people have used images from free image sites like Unsplash and then were hit with a copyright infringement case. Sometimes people put images up on these sites in order to sue. They leave the images up on the site until they are downloaded multiple times and then remove them. This is a dark side of Creative Commons Zero that's important to be aware of.

What If I Am Caught?

In many countries, copyright infringement brings hefty penalties including fines of hundreds of thousands of dollars and imprisonment, depending on the situation.

Of course, a good offense is your best defense. Check your blogs and class websites for any potentially offending material. Has anyone uploaded images straight from other websites or Google? Are there are educational materials (e.g. copies of textbooks) that shouldn't be there? Has copyrighted music been used publicly? If you find anything, just remove it.

The law requires copyright holders to give you (and the host of your site, such as Edublogs, WordPress, etc.) an official notification. Take these seriously and act quickly to remove what they want if you are in the wrong. That should be the end of it.

Here at Edublogs and CampusPress, we're contacted about copyrighted materials regularly. These are mostly images from Google, curriculum documents, or PDFs (e.g. textbooks or sheet music), or music files.

We were once notified about a teacher with a blog on Edublogs that had a harmless world map image on his blog that he had presumably found using Google image search. When we contacted him telling him why we had removed the image, he asked if he and his students could write an apology letter to the copyright holder.

It was excellent - turning what could be a bit of an embarrassing mistake into a teachable moment for his students. Now this teacher had a good reason to discuss copyright and Creative Commons with his students.

Even if you haven't done anything wrong, having a space to publish online like a blog or website is one of the best ways students can learn about copyright and Creative Commons.

Whether you're a teacher, a student, or a regular blogger, when you're publishing online you must do your best to be a responsible digital citizen. This means respecting others' work and respecting copyright.

Here are three key things to remember when publishing online to be a legal and ethical digital citizen:

1) Steer Clear Of Google Images

Don't copy images off Google or other websites. Even if you include an attribution it is still illegal and unethical.

If you like an image and don't know where it originally came from, a reverse search might help.

If an image is created by someone that you can contact, you could always ask their permission to use it.

Remember the best bet is to find Creative Commons or public domain images. Otherwise, take/make your own images or purchase some from a stock photography website.

2) Embed Or Link To Audio Or Video Clips

If you're going to include a video or an audio clip, embed the file from the source and include a link as well. Don't download audio or video files as this brings up many questions about copyright.

If you're embedding from a site like YouTube, make sure the content doesn't violate copyright law. YouTube is usually pretty good at cracking down on this but there is some content on there that does violate copyright - e.g. copies of television shows.

3) Never Copy Someone Else's Blog Post

You might find this a little hard to believe but unfortunately people copy posts from other blogs and publish them on their own site all the time. Or they publish the blog post in another format such as a PDF document or slideshow.

And in case you're wondering, copying someone's blog post and then including an attribution does not make this okay.

If you do want to share someone else's blog post on your own blog, consider writing a short description of the post on your blog and then inviting readers to click on a link to read the post themselves. In your own post, you could include some key points about what you agreed or disagreed with. Or maybe you can expand on the topic in a different direction. All this would be perfectly acceptable and no doubt the author would appreciate the interaction.

Hopefully you now know that you definitely can't copy and paste someone else's whole blog post or image, but you can include a quote of some text.

Here are a few points to be aware of that we included in our post on The Edublogger about quotes:

Make it obvious which words are your own, and which words belong to someone else by using quotation marks or block quotes.

Make your quotes brief. There are no universal rules here. Some larger organizations have guidelines around how much you can quote (e.g. Hubspot's rules are 75 words). If you're unsure or think you might be using too much of someone's article, contact them to ask permission. Never copy the whole post.

Always include the person's name, and link to their site, article, or book if you can.

If you're using blockquotes, the attribution could be before the quote, inside it, or below it.

If you shorten a quote, use an ellipsis (...) in place of the missing words.

If you're adding any words or corrections to the quote, use brackets.

Earlier, we looked at the six types of Creative Commons licenses available to creators. If you're publishing online, you're a creator too! And you don't have to be a professional. Maybe you share memes or lesson resources on social media? Perhaps you write blog posts? Maybe you take your own photographs that you share online?

Have you ever considered adding a Creative Commons license to your own original work?

As the Creative Commons organization explains,

When you apply a CC license, you give permission to anyone to use your material for the full duration of applicable copyright and similar rights.

This is therefore a serious decision but an important one. You can contribute to building a collection of art and knowledge that's accessible to anyone in the world. How cool is that! You remain in control by choosing your own license, and people who like your work can use or share it without having to contact you for permission.

Before you choose a Creative Commons license, you need to make sure you are the copyright owner and the work is copyrightable (e.g. in a tangible format).

If you're unsure which license to choose for your own work, there is an interactive tool on the Creative Commons website. This tool suggests a license after you answer a few questions. It also gives you a CC button that you can attach to your work to display your license.

If you would like to display your creative commons license on your blog, the easiest way is to use a text widget in your sidebar.

From your dashboard, go to Appearance > Widgets and select a Text widget to add to your sidebar. Paste the code provided by your Creative Commons license provider in the widget's text box, and click "Save".

Adults aren't the only ones who can add Creative Commons licenses to their work. In many countries, children can too. What an authentic way for students to learn about copyright and sharing online.

Perhaps a whole class or school could make a library of Creative Commons content (e.g. images or music) that can be used freely by the education community? Talk about authentic learning!

If you've made it this far into the guide you will have realized that copyright is a vast and complex topic, however, you don't need to be an expert to understand the basics.

We've made a collection of slides which you're welcome to use in your own classroom or perhaps you'd like to use them as part of your professional development program. Want to make a copy? Scroll down for instructions (don't request access).

Want a copy of the Google Slides presentation? Don't request access, just follow the steps below.

1) Click on this link: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1jK-_bTIBa9CZAC-bqKd0PQc7ohG9L47KSdcvfHgIxqw/copy?usp=sharing

2) You will be prompted to make a copy (screenshot below).

3) The Slides will be saved in your Google Drive.

4) You can edit the Google Slides to suit.

Before we conclude, take a moment to reflect back on the rules to remember about copyright.

1. Just because you found it online, doesn't mean it's free to use (even if you're a teacher or student).

2. There are a lot of resources you can use freely including work that has a Creative Commons license or is in the public domain.

3. You have a right as a creator to have your work protected from copying and you can also give your own content a Creative Commons license.

4. If in doubt about using content, ask the creator for permission, find a free alternative, purchase an alternative, or make your own material.

5. Instead of looking for loopholes, consider whether you're being the most responsible and ethical digital citizen you can be.

Do you have any other tips to add about copyright for educators, students, or bloggers? Be sure to leave a comment and let us know. We'd love to hear your suggestions.

For any specific questions regarding your own copyright dilemmas, please consult professional legal advice.

About Us

Edublogs is the oldest and most trusted web publishing platform for students and teachers around the globe. We have helped create and publish more than five million blogs, websites and portfolios since 2005 while providing teacher-friendly, student-safe WordPress solutions at scale.

We offer both cost-efficient and free options, along with site development, hosting, security, plugin and theme support to ensure your digital presence is meeting your goals in a fast-changing digital world.Want to learn more? Contact us to receive more information.

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The Educator's Guide to Copyright, Fair Use, and Creative Commons

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Copyright is important for all teachers, students, and bloggers to know about and it doesn't have to be as complicated as you think. In our ultimate guide, Dexter the cat helps us break down the basics of copyright, Creative Commons, and fair use....

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How to Make a Good (and effective) Presentation

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How to Make a Good (and effective) Presentation

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I suffer from something called Ménière's disease-don't worry, you cannot get it from reading my blog. The symptoms of Ménière's include hearing loss, tinnitus (a constant ringing sound), and vertigo. There are many medical theories about its cause: too much salt, caffeine, or alcohol in one's diet, too much stress, and allergies. Thus, I've worked to limit control all these factors.

However, I have another theory. As a venture capitalist, I have to listen to hundreds of entrepreneurs pitch their companies. Most of these pitches are crap: sixty slides about a "patent pending," "first mover advantage," "all we have to do is get 1% of the people in China to buy our product" startup. These pitches are so lousy that I'm losing my hearing, there's a constant ringing in my ear, and every once in while the world starts spinning.

To prevent an epidemic of Ménière's in the venture capital community, I am evangelizing the 10/20/30 Rule of PowerPoint. It's quite simple: a PowerPoint presentation should have ten slides, last no more than twenty minutes, and contain no font smaller than thirty points. While I'm in the venture capital business, this rule is applicable for any presentation to reach agreement: for example, raising capital, making a sale, forming a partnership, etc.

Ten slides. Ten is the optimal number of slides in a PowerPoint presentation because a normal human being cannot comprehend more than ten concepts in a meeting-and venture capitalists are very normal. (The only difference between you and venture capitalist is that he is getting paid to gamble with someone else's money). If you must use more than ten slides to explain your business, you probably don't have a business. The ten topics that a venture capitalist cares about are:

1. Problem

2. Your solution

3. Business model

4. Underlying magic/technology

5. Marketing and sales

6. Competition

7. Team

8. Projections and milestones

9. Status and timeline

10. Summary and call to action

Twenty minutes. You should give your ten slides in twenty minutes. Sure, you have an hour time slot, but you're using a Windows laptop, so it will take forty minutes to make it work with the projector. Even if setup goes perfectly, people will arrive late and have to leave early. In a perfect world, you give your pitch in twenty minutes, and you have forty minutes left for discussion.

Thirty-point font. The majority of the presentations that I see have text in a ten point font. As much text as possible is jammed into the slide, and then the presenter reads it. However, as soon as the audience figures out that you're reading the text, it reads ahead of you because it can read faster than you can speak. The result is that you and the audience are out of synch.

The reason people use a small font is twofold: first, that they don't know their material well enough; second, they think that more text is more convincing. Total bozosity. Force yourself to use no font smaller than thirty points. I guarantee it will make your presentations better because it requires you to find the most salient points and to know how to explain them well. If "thirty points," is too dogmatic, the I offer you an algorithm: find out the age of the oldest person in your audience and divide it by two. That's your optimal font size.

So please observe the 10/20/30 Rule of PowerPoint. If nothing else, the next time someone in your audience complains of hearing loss, ringing, or vertigo, you'll know what caused the problem. One last thing: to learn more about the zen of great presentations, check out a site called Presentation Zen by my buddy Garr Reynolds.

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I suffer from something called Ménière's disease-don't worry, you cannot get it from reading my blog. The symptoms of Ménière's include hearing loss, tinnitus (a constant ringing sound), and vertigo. There are many medical theories about its cause: too much salt, caffeine, or alcohol in one's diet, too much stress, and allergies.

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How We Express Ourselves - Jacksonville school

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How We Express Ourselves - Jacksonville school

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Lower Elementary IB PYP Showcase | How We Express Ourselves

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PYP Exhibition overview: How We Express Ourselves - Chatsworth Bukit Timah

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PYP Exhibition overview: How We Express Ourselves - Chatsworth Bukit Timah

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ISD PYPx 2021: Topic Drawing Super Heroes

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ISD PYPx 2021: Topic Drawing Super Heroes

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Source analyse chart

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Multim media that uses several forms of information content (e.g. text, audio, graphics, animation, video) to inform or entertain the audience (User). Multimedia also means the use of electronic media to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia means that computer info can be represented through audio, graphics, image, video and animation in addition to traditional media (text and graphics).

Usage/application

Multimedia finds its application in various areas including, but not limited to, advertisements, art, education, entertainment, engineering, medicine, mathematics, business, scientific research and spatial temporal applications. Several examples are as follows:

Creative industries

Creative industries use multimedia for a variety of purposes ranging from fine arts, to entertainment, to commercial art, to journalism, to media and software services provided for any of the industries listed below. An individual multimedia designer may cover the spectrum throughout their career. Request for their skills range from technical, to analytical, to creative.

Commercial uses

Much of the electronic old and new media used by commercial artists and graphic designers is multimedia. Exciting presentations are used to grab and keep attention in advertising. Business to business, and interoffice communications are often developed by creative services firms for advanced multimedia presentations beyond simple slide shows to sell ideas or liven up training.

Entertainment and fine arts

Multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry, especially to develop special effects in movies and animations (VFX, 3D animation, etc.). Multimedia games are a popular pastime and are software programs available either as CD-ROMs or online. Some video games also use multimedia features.

Multimedia applications that allow users to actively participate instead of just sitting by as passive recipients of information are called interactive multimedia.

In the arts there are multimedia artists, whose minds are able to blend techniques using different media that in some way incorporates interaction with the viewer.

In education, multimedia is used to produce computer-based training courses (popularly called CBTs) and reference books like encyclopedia and almanacs. A CBT lets the user go through a series of presentations, text about a particular topic, and associated illustrations in various information formats. Edutainment is the combination of education with entertainment, especially multimedia entertainment.

Learning theory in the past decade has expanded dramatically because of the introduction of multimedia.

Educational technology

Multimedia provides students with an alternate means of acquiring knowledge designed to enhance teaching and learning through various mediums and platforms.

This technology allows students to learn at their own pace and gives teachers the ability to observe the individual needs of each student.

Technology has impacted multimedia as it is largely associated with the use of computers or other electronic devices and digital media due to its capabilities concerning research, communication, problem-solving through simulations and feedback opportunities.

Language communication

With the spread and development of the English language around the world, it has become an important way of communicating between different people and cultures. Multimedia Technology creates a platform where language can be taught.

Journalism

Newspaper companies all over are trying to embrace the new phenomenon by implementing its practices in their work.

Freelance journalists can make use of different new media to produce multimedia pieces for their news stories. It engages global audiences and tells stories with technology, which develops new communication techniques for both media producers and consumers. The Common Language Project, later renamed to The Seattle Globalist, is an example of this type of multimedia journalism production.

Multimedia reporters who are mobile (usually driving around a community with cameras, audio and video recorders, and laptop computers) are often referred to as mojos, from mobile jo urnalist.

Engineering

Software engineers may use multimedia in computer simulations for anything from entertainment to training such as military or industrial training. Multimedia for software interfaces are often done as a collaboration between creative professionals and software engineers.

Mathematical and scientific research

In mathematical and scientific research, multimedia is mainly used for modeling and simulation. For example, a scientist can look at a molecular model of a particular substance and manipulate it to arrive at a new substance. Representative research can be found in journals such as the Journal of Multimedia.

In medicine, doctors can get trained by looking at a virtual surgery or they can simulate how the human body is affected by diseases spread by viruses and bacteria and then develop techniques to prevent it. Multimedia applications such as virtual surgeries also help doctors to get practical training.

Images for kids

In Spanish: Multimedia para niños

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What is Art? | Young Explorers | PBS LearningMedia

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Exploring our world is fun! Abby Brown loves to help kids have fun while learning! In this segment, Abby teaches kids about the tools, materials, methods and imagination involved in creating art.

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Can you remember the first time you made art? Maybe you used some scrap paper and crayons. Or maybe it was markers, colored pencils, or paint. You probably made a special picture for a friend or family member. Even if you don't remember it, we bet the sure does!

Your first artwork may never the walls of an art gallery. But it may have been proudly on the front of the refrigerator! Art doesn't have to hang next to the Mona Lisa to have value.

Have you ever thought about how broad the term "art" really is? It's something that people seem to know when they see it...or hear it...or experience it. Yet, many have probably never given much thought to how to define art.

Some things are easy to identify as art. Paintings, drawings, and sculptures are a few that come to mind. But art also includes many other forms of expression . Art can be music, drama, and writing. It can also include the design of buildings (architecture). Even common objects, from coffee cups to tennis shoes, can be art.

Throughout history, people have defined art in many ways. One modern definition is "something that is created with imagination and skill and that is beautiful." Often, art is defined by its in the human mind.

Imagination plays a key role in making any piece of art. Some people think of art as what happens when your creativity takes solid form. They say imagination becomes art when it can be shared with others.

Art's definition can be hard to pin down. At its most basic level, art has two things: form and content. Form includes the principles and elements of design and art. It's also any used in art's creation.

Content is less . It includes the ideas and imagination of the artist. To understand content, you have to know the artist's intended message. You also need to consider how others react to and interpret the art and its message.

For some people, making art is the reason they get out of bed in the morning. Others may think that art doesn't matter, but that's far from true. We doubt you'd want to live in a world without art. From cool-looking sneakers to awesome in video games, art makes life better in ways many don't think about!

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Today's Wonder of the Day celebrates the creativity of the human mind!

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Art is...

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Art is a creative activity by people. The artist hopes that it affects the emotions of people who experience it. Artists express themselves by their art. Some people find art relaxing.

Many people disagree on how to define art. Some say people are driven to make art due to their inner creativity.

Types of art

Art is divided into the plastic arts, where something is made, and the performing arts, where something is done by humans in action. The other division is between pure arts, done for themselves, and practical arts, done for a practical purpose, but with artistic content.

What "art" means

Some people say that art is a product or item that is made with the intention of stimulating the human senses as well as the human mind, spirit and soul.

An artwork is normally judged by how much impact it has on people, the amount of people who can relate to it, and how much people appreciate it.

The first and broadest sense of "art" means "arrangement" or "to arrange." In this sense, art is created when someone arranges things found in the world into a new or different design or form; or when someone arranges colors next to each other in a painting to make an image or just to make a pretty or interesting design.

Art can also be a form of expression of emotion. The artist may feel a certain emotion and feel that there is no way to express it other than to create something that means something to them. Most of the art created in this case is made for the artist rather than an audience. However, if an audience is able to connect with the emotion as well, then the art work may become publicly successful.

History of art

There are sculptures, cave painting and rock art dating from the Upper Paleolithic era.

All of the great ancient civilizations, such as Ancient Egypt, India, China, Greece, Rome or Arabia had works and styles of art. In the Middle Ages, most of the art in Europe showed people from the Bible in paintings, stained glass windows, and mosaic tile floors and walls.

Islamic art includes geometric patterns, Islamic calligraphy, and architecture. In India and Tibet, painted sculptures, dance, and religious painting were done. In China, arts included jade carving, bronzework, pottery, poetry, calligraphy, music, painting, drama, and fiction. There are many Chinese artistic styles, which are usually named after the ruling dynasty.

In Europe, after the Middle Ages, there was a " Renaissance" which means "rebirth". People rediscovered science and artists were allowed to paint subjects other than religious subjects. People like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci still painted religious pictures, but they also now could paint mythological pictures too. These artists also invented perspective where things in the distance look smaller than things close up in the picture. This was new because in the Middle Ages people would paint all the figures close up and just overlapping each other.

In the late 1800s, artists in Europe, responding to Modernity created many new painting styles such as Classicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism. The history of twentieth century art includes Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and Minimalism.

Roles of art

In some societies, people think that art belongs to the person who made it, such as Indigenous Aboriginal Australian Art. They think that the artist put his or her " talent" into the art. In this view, the art is the property of the artist.

In other societies, people think that art belongs to no one. They think that society has put its social capital into the artist and the artist's work. In this view, society is a collective that has made the art, through the artist.

Functions of art

The functions of art include:

1) Cognitive function

Works of art let us know about what the author knew, and about what the surrounding of the author were like.

2) Aesthetic function

Works of art are more or less harmonic and bring pleasure, a sensation of beauty.

3) Prognostic function

Some artists draw what they see the future like, and some of them are right, but most are not...

4) Recreation function

Art makes us think about it, not about reality; we have a rest.

5) Value function

What did the artist value? What aims did he like/dislike in human activity? This usually is clearly seen in artists' works.

6) Didactic function

What message, criticism or political change did the artist wish to achieve?

Related pages

Images for kids

The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia, also called the Mosque of Uqba, is one of the finest, most significant and best preserved artistic and architectural examples of early great mosques. Dated in its present state from the 9th century, it is the ancestor and model of all the mosques in the western Islamic lands.

Painting by Song dynasty artist Ma Lin, circa 1250. 24.8 × 25.2 cm

Napoleon I on his Imperial Throne by Ingres (French, 1806), oil on canvas

Mozarabic Beatus miniature. Spain, late 10th century

The Museum of Art in Basel ( Switzerland), is the oldest public museum of art in the world.

Composition with Red Blue and Yellow (1930) by Piet Mondrian (Dutch, 1872-1944)

In Spanish: Arte para niños

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The arts are a large part of culture, and the word means much more than "". The arts include visual arts, literary arts (i.e. books and other writings) and performing arts (i.e. music, dance, drama).

Sometimes, in universities, it is shorthand for a wider group of subjects which are properly called the humanities. These include philosophy, theology, literature, languages, and history as well.

"The arts" are usually contrasted with "The sciences".

Visual arts

Drawing is a means of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colour pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which can simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a drafter, draftswoman, or draughtsman. Drawing can be used to create art used in cultural industries such as illustrations, comics and animation.

Colour is the essence of painting as sound is of music. Colour is highly subjective, but has observable psychological effects, although these can differ from one culture to the next. Black is associated with mourning in the West, but elsewhere white may be. Some painters, theoreticians, writers and scientists, including Goethe, Kandinsky, and Newton, have written their own colour theory. Moreover, the use of language is only an abstraction for a colour equivalent. The word " red," for example, can cover a wide range of variations on the pure red of the spectrum. There is not a formalized register of different colours in the way that there is agreement on different notes in music, such as C or C#, although the Pantone system is widely used in the printing and design industry for this purpose.

Modern painters have extended the practice considerably to include, for example, collage. Collage is not painting in the strict sense since it includes other materials. Some modern painters incorporate different materials such as sand, cement, straw, wood or strands of hair for their artwork texture. Examples of this are the works of Elito Circa, Jean Dubuffet or Anselm Kiefer. Broadly speaking, Modern and contemporary painting seems to move away from the historic value of craft in favour of concept; which becomes more apparent from early-twentieth century onwards. This transition has led some to say that painting, as a serious art form, is dead, although this has not deterred the majority of artists from continuing to practise it either as whole or part of their work. Indigenouism is also considered as Modern and contemporary Art in early 20th Century.

Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials (including clay), which may take forms such as pottery, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. While some ceramic products are considered fine art, some are considered to be decorative, industrial, or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology.Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture, and decorate the pottery. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to as "art pottery." In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. In modern ceramic engineering usage, "ceramics" is the art and science of making objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials by the action of heat. It excludes glass and mosaic made from glass tesserae.

Photography

Photography as an art form refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the creative vision of the photographer. Art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism, which provides a visual account for news events, and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to advertise products or services.

Architecture

Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. The word architecture comes from the Greek arkhitekton, "master builder, director of works," from αρχι- (arkhi) "chief" + τεκτων (tekton) "builder, carpenter". A wider definition would include the design of the built environment, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the microlevel of creating furniture. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and cost for the builder, as well as function and aesthetics for the user.

In modern usage, architecture is the art and discipline of creating, or inferring an implied or apparent plan of, a complex object or system. The term can be used to connote the implied architecture of abstract things such as music or mathematics, the apparent architecture of natural things, such as geological formations or the structure of biological cells, or explicitly planned architectures of human-made things such as software, computers, enterprises, and databases, in addition to buildings. In every usage, an architecture may be seen as a subjective mapping from a human perspective (that of the user in the case of abstract or physical artifacts) to the elements or components of some kind of structure or system, which preserves the relationships among the elements or components. Planned architecture manipulates space, volume, texture, light, shadow, or abstract elements in order to achieve pleasing aesthetics. This distinguishes it from applied science or engineering, which usually concentrate more on the functional and feasibility aspects of the design of constructions or structures.

In the field of building architecture, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more complex, such as for a hospital or a stadium, to the apparently simpler, such as planning residential houses. Many architectural works may be seen also as cultural and political symbols, or works of art. The role of the architect, though changing, has been central to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people live.

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials; but since modernism, shifts in sculptural process led to an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded, or cast.

Conceptual art

Conceptual art is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work takes precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused practice of idea-based art that often defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation as text. Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s, its popular usage, particularly in the UK, developed as a synonym for all contemporary art that does not practise the traditional skills of painting and sculpture.

Literary arts

Literature is literally "acquaintance with letters" as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary. The noun "literature" comes from the Latin word littera meaning "an individual written character ( letter)." The term has generally come to identify a collection of writings, which in Western culture are mainly prose (both fiction and non-fiction), drama and poetry. In much, if not all of the world, the artistic linguistic expression can be oral as well, and include such genres as epic, legend, myth, ballad, other forms of oral poetry, and as folktale. Comics, the combination of drawings or other visual arts with narrating literature, are often called the " ninth art" (le neuvième art) in Francophone scholarship.

Performing arts

Performing arts comprise dance, music, theatre, opera, mime, and other art forms in which a human performance is the principal product. Performing arts are distinguished by this performance element in contrast with disciplines such as visual and literary arts where the product is an object that does not require a performance to be observed and experienced. Each discipline in the performing arts is temporal in nature, meaning the product is performed over a period of time. Products are broadly categorized as being either repeatable (for example, by script or score) or improvised for each performance. Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are called performers, including actors, magicians, comedians, dancers, musicians, and singers. Performing arts are also supported by the services of other artists or essential workers, such as songwriting and stagecraft. Performers often adapt their appearance with tools such as costume and stage makeup.

Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence, occurring in time. Common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, metre, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their reproduction in performance) through improvisational music to aleatoric pieces. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts," music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.

Theatre or theater (from Greek theatron ( θέατρον); from theasthai, "behold") is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle - indeed, any one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as opera, ballet, mime, kabuki, classical Indian dance, Chinese opera and mummers' plays.

Dance (from Old French dancier, of unknown origin) generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. Dance is also used to describe methods of non-verbal communication (see body language) between humans or animals (bee dance, mating dance), motion in inanimate objects ( the leaves danced in the wind), and certain musical forms or genres. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. People danced to relieve stress. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social, cultural, aesthetic, artistic and moral constraints and range from functional movement (such as Folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such as ballet. In sports, gymnastics, figure skating and synchronized swimming are dance disciplines while Martial arts " kata" are often compared to dances.

Areas exist in which artistic works incorporate multiple artistic fields, such as film, opera and performance art. While opera is often categorized in the performing arts of music, the word itself is Italian for "works," because opera combines several artistic disciplines in a singular artistic experience. In a typical traditional opera, the entire work utilizes the following: the sets (visual arts), costumes (fashion), acting (dramatic performing arts), the libretto, or the words/story (literature), and singers and an orchestra (music).

The composer Richard Wagner recognized the fusion of so many disciplines into a single work of opera, exemplified by his cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ("The Ring of the Nibelung"). He did not use the term opera for his works, but instead Gesamtkunstwerk ("synthesis of the arts"), sometimes referred to as "Music Drama" in English, emphasizing the literary and theatrical components which were as important as the music. Classical ballet is another form which emerged in the 17th century in which orchestral music is combined with dance.

Other works in the late 19th, 20th and 21st centuries have fused other disciplines in unique and creative ways, such as performance art. Performance art is a performance over time which combines any number of instruments, objects, and art within a predefined or less well-defined structure, some of which can be improvised. Performance art may be scripted, unscripted, random or carefully organized; even audience participation may occur. John Cage is regarded by many as a performance artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term. He did not compose for traditional ensembles. Cage's composition Living Room Music composed in 1940 is a "quartet" for unspecified instruments, really non-melodic objects, which can be found in a living room of a typical house, hence the title.

Images for kids

In Spanish: Numeración de las artes para niños

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Drawing is art

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Drawing is a way of making a picture. Drawings are created by making lines on a surface. Long lines make up the shapes and small lines make the textures. Drawings can be images of real life or abstract images showing ideas cannot be seen in the real world.

A drawing is the art created this way. Examples of things used to mark with are pencils, chalk, charcoal, crayons, pastels, pen and ink.

Artists have been drawing for many centuries. They draw on paper or on other surfaces which the marks show up on.

Drawing is one of the major forms of expression within the visual arts. It is generally concerned with the marking of lines and areas of tone onto paper/other material, where the accurate representation of the visual world is expressed upon a plane surface. Traditional drawings were monochrome, or at least had little colour, while modern colored-pencil drawings may approach or cross a boundary between drawing and painting.

In Western terminology, drawing is distinct from painting, even though similar media often are employed in both tasks. Dry media, normally associated with drawing, such as chalk, may be used in pastel paintings. Drawing may be done with a liquid medium, applied with brushes or pens. Similar supports likewise can serve both: painting generally involves the application of liquid paint onto prepared canvas or panels, but sometimes an underdrawing is drawn first on that same support. Drawing is often exploratory, with considerable emphasis on observation, problem-solving and composition. Drawing is also regularly used in preparation for a painting, further obfuscating their distinction. Drawings created for these purposes are called studies.

There are several categories of drawing, including figure drawing, cartooning, doodling, free hand and shading. There are also many drawing methods, such as line drawing, stippling, shading, the surrealist method of entopic graphomania (in which dots are made at the sites of impurities in a blank sheet of paper, and lines are then made between the dots), and tracing (drawing on a translucent paper, such as tracing paper, around the outline of preexisting shapes that show through the paper).

A quick, unrefined drawing may be called a sketch.

In fields outside art, technical drawings or plans of buildings, machinery, circuitry and other things are often called "drawings" even when they have been transferred to another medium by printing.

Drawing as a Form of Communication Drawing is one of the oldest forms of human expression, with evidence for its existence preceding that of written communication. It is believed that drawing was used as a specialised form of communication before the invention of the written language, demonstrated by the production of cave and rock paintings created by Homo sapiens sapiens around 30,000 years ago. These drawings, known as pictograms, depicted objects and abstract concepts. The sketches and paintings produced in prehistoric times were eventually stylised and simplified, leading to the development of the written language as we know it today.

Drawing in the Arts Drawing is used to express one's creativity, and therefore has been prominent in the world of art. Throughout much of history, drawing was regarded as the foundation for artistic practise. Initially, artists used and reused wooden tablets for the production of their drawings. Following the widespread availability of paper in the 14th century, the use of drawing in the arts increased. At this point, drawing was commonly used as a tool for thought and investigation, acting as a study medium whilst artists were preparing for their final pieces of work. In a period of artistic flourish, the Renaissance brought about drawings exhibiting realistic representational qualities, where there was a lot of influence from geometry and philosophy.

The invention of the first widely available form of photography led to a shift in the use of drawing in the arts. Photography took over from drawing as a more superior method for accurately representing visual phenomena, and artists began to abandon traditional drawing practises. Modernism in the arts encouraged "imaginative originality" and artists' approach to drawing became more abstract.

Drawing Outside the Arts Although the use of drawing is extensive in the arts, its practice is not confined purely to this field. Before the widespread availability of paper, 12th century monks in European monasteries used intricate drawings to prepare illustrated, illuminated manuscripts on vellum and parchment. Drawing has also been used extensively in the field of science, as a method of discovery, understanding and explanation. In 1616, astronomer Galileo Galilei explained the changing phases of the moon through his observational telescopic drawings. Additionally, in 1924, geophysicist Alfred Wegener used illustrations to visually demonstrate the origin of the continents.

The medium is the means by which ink, pigment or color are delivered onto the drawing surface. Most drawing media are either dry (e.g. graphite, charcoal, pastels, Conté, silverpoint), or use a fluid solvent or carrier (marker, pen and ink). Watercolor pencils can be used dry like ordinary pencils, then moistened with a wet brush to get various painterly effects. Very rarely, artists have drawn with (usually decoded) invisible ink. Metalpoint drawing usually employs either of two metals: silver or lead. More rarely used are gold, platinum, copper, brass, bronze, and tinpoint.

Paper comes in a variety of different sizes and qualities, ranging from newspaper grade up to high quality and relatively expensive paper sold as individual sheets. Papers can vary in texture, hue, acidity, and strength when wet. Smooth paper is good for rendering fine detail, but a more "toothy" paper holds the drawing material better. Thus a coarser material is useful for producing deeper contrast.

Newsprint and typing paper may be useful for practice and rough sketches. Tracing paper is used to experiment over a half-finished drawing, and to transfer a design from one sheet to another. Cartridge paper is the basic type of drawing paper sold in pads. Bristol board and even heavier acid-free boards, frequently with smooth finishes, are used for drawing fine detail and do not distort when wet media (ink, washes) are applied. Vellum is extremely smooth and suitable for very fine detail. Coldpressed watercolor paper may be favored for ink drawing due to its texture.

Acid-free, archival quality paper keeps its color and texture far longer than wood pulp based paper such as newsprint, which turns yellow and becomes brittle much sooner.

The basic tools are a drawing board or table, pencil sharpener and eraser, and for ink drawing, blotting paper. Other tools used are circle compass, ruler, and set square. Fixative is used to prevent pencil and crayon marks from smudging. Drafting tape is used to secure paper to drawing surface, and also to mask an area to keep it free of accidental marks, such as sprayed or spattered materials and washes. An easel or slanted table is used to keep the drawing surface in a suitable position, which is generally more horizontal than the position used in painting.

Almost all draftsmen use their hands and fingers to apply the media, with the exception of some handicapped individuals who draw with their mouth or feet.

Prior to working on an image, the artist typically explores how various media work. They may try different drawing implements on practice sheets to determine value and texture, and how to apply the implement to produce various effects.

The artist's choice of drawing strokes affects the appearance of the image. Pen and ink drawings often use hatching-groups of parallel lines. Cross-hatching uses hatching in two or more different directions to create a darker tone. Broken hatching, or lines with intermittent breaks, form lighter tones-and controlling the density of the breaks achieves a gradation of tone. Stippling uses dots to produce tone, texture and shade. Different textures can be achieved depending on the method used to build tone.

Drawings in dry media often use similar techniques, though pencils and drawing sticks can achieve continuous variations in tone. Typically a drawing is filled in based on which hand the artist favors. A right-handed artist draws from left to right to avoid smearing the image. Erasers can remove unwanted lines, lighten tones, and clean up stray marks. In a sketch or outline drawing, lines drawn often follow the contour of the subject, creating depth by looking like shadows cast from a light in the artist's position.

Sometimes the artist leaves a section of the image untouched while filling in the remainder. The shape of the area to preserve can be painted with masking fluid or cut out of a frisket and applied to the drawing surface, protecting the surface from stray marks until the mask is removed.

Another method to preserve a section of the image is to apply a spray-on fixative to the surface. This holds loose material more firmly to the sheet and prevents it from smearing. However the fixative spray typically uses chemicals that can harm the respiratory system, so it should be employed in a well-ventilated area such as outdoors.

Another technique is subtractive drawing in which the drawing surface is covered with graphite or charcoal and then erased to make the image.

Shading is the technique of varying the tonal values on the paper to represent the shade of the material as well as the placement of the shadows. Careful attention to reflected light, shadows and highlights can result in a very realistic rendition of the image.

Blending uses an implement to soften or spread the original drawing strokes. Blending is most easily done with a medium that does not immediately fix itself, such as graphite, chalk, or charcoal, although freshly applied ink can be smudged, wet or dry, for some effects. For shading and blending, the artist can use a blending stump, tissue, a kneaded eraser, a fingertip, or any combination of them. A piece of chamois is useful for creating smooth textures, and for removing material to lighten the tone. Continuous tone can be achieved with graphite on a smooth surface without blending, but the technique is laborious, involving small circular or oval strokes with a somewhat blunt point.

Shading techniques that also introduce texture to the drawing include hatching and stippling. A number of other methods produce texture. In addition to the choice of paper, drawing material and technique affect texture. Texture can be made to appear more realistic when it is drawn next to a contrasting texture; a coarse texture is more obvious when placed next to a smoothly blended area. A similar effect can be achieved by drawing different tones close together. A light edge next to a dark background stands out to the eye, and almost appears to float above the surface.

Form and proportion

Measuring the dimensions of a subject while blocking in the drawing is an important step in producing a realistic rendition of the subject. Tools such as a compass can be used to measure the angles of different sides. These angles can be reproduced on the drawing surface and then rechecked to make sure they are accurate. Another form of measurement is to compare the relative sizes of different parts of the subject with each other. A finger placed at a point along the drawing implement can be used to compare that dimension with other parts of the image. A ruler can be used both as a straightedge and a device to compute proportions.

When attempting to draw a complicated shape such as a human figure, it is helpful at first to represent the form with a set of primitive volumes. Almost any form can be represented by some combination of the cube, sphere, cylinder, and cone. Once these basic volumes have been assembled into a likeness, then the drawing can be refined into a more accurate and polished form. The lines of the primitive volumes are removed and replaced by the final likeness. Drawing the underlying construction is a fundamental skill for representational art, and is taught in many books and schools. Its correct application resolves most uncertainties about smaller details, and makes the final image look consistent.

A more refined art of figure drawing relies upon the artist possessing a deep understanding of anatomy and the human proportions. A trained artist is familiar with the skeleton structure, joint location, muscle placement, tendon movement, and how the different parts work together during movement. This allows the artist to render more natural poses that do not appear artificially stiff. The artist is also familiar with how the proportions vary depending on the age of the subject, particularly when drawing a portrait.

Perspective

Linear perspective is a method of portraying objects on a flat surface so that the dimensions shrink with distance. Each set of parallel, straight edges of any object, whether a building or a table, follows lines that eventually converge at a vanishing point. Typically this convergence point is somewhere along the horizon, as buildings are built level with the flat surface. When multiple structures are aligned with each other, such as buildings along a street, the horizontal tops and bottoms of the structures typically converge at a vanishing point.

When both the fronts and sides of a building are drawn, then the parallel lines forming a side converge at a second point along the horizon (which may be off the drawing paper.) This is a two-point perspective. Converging the vertical lines to a third point above or below the horizon then produces a three-point perspective.

Depth can also be portrayed by several techniques in addition to the perspective approach above. Objects of similar size should appear ever smaller the further they are from the viewer. Thus the back wheel of a cart appears slightly smaller than the front wheel. Depth can be portrayed through the use of texture. As the texture of an object gets further away it becomes more compressed and busy, taking on an entirely different character than if it was close. Depth can also be portrayed by reducing the contrast in more distant objects, and by making their colors less saturated. This reproduces the effect of atmospheric haze, and cause the eye to focus primarily on objects drawn in the foreground.

The composition of the image is an important element in producing an interesting work of artistic merit. The artist plans element placement in the art to communicate ideas and feelings with the viewer. The composition can determine the focus of the art, and result in a harmonious whole that is aesthetically appealing and stimulating.

The illumination of the subject is also a key element in creating an artistic piece, and the interplay of light and shadow is a valuable method in the artist's toolbox. The placement of the light sources can make a considerable difference in the type of message that is being presented. Multiple light sources can wash out any wrinkles in a person's face, for instance, and give a more youthful appearance. In contrast, a single light source, such as harsh daylight, can serve to highlight any texture or interesting features.

When drawing an object or figure, the skilled artist pays attention to both the area within the silhouette and what lies outside. The exterior is termed the negative space, and can be as important in the representation as the figure. Objects placed in the background of the figure should appear properly placed wherever they can be viewed.

A study is a draft drawing that is made in preparation for a planned final image. Studies can be used to determine the appearances of specific parts of the completed image, or for experimenting with the best approach for accomplishing the end goal. However a well-crafted study can be a piece of art in its own right, and many hours of careful work can go into completing a study.

Individuals display differences in their ability to produce visually accurate drawings. A visually accurate drawing is described as being "recognized as a particular object at a particular time and in a particular space, rendered with little addition of visual detail that can not be seen in the object represented or with little deletion of visual detail".

Investigative studies have aimed to explain the reasons why some individuals draw better than others. One study posited four key abilities in the drawing process: perception of objects being drawn, ability to make good representational decisions, motor skills required for mark-making and the drawer's own perception of their drawing. Following this hypothesis, several studies have sought to conclude which of these processes are most significant in affecting the accuracy of drawings.

Motor control is an important physical component in the 'Production Phase' of the drawing process. It has been suggested that motor control plays a role in drawing ability, though its effects are not significant.

It has been suggested that an individual's ability to perceive an object they are drawing is the most important stage in the drawing process. This suggestion is supported by the discovery of a robust relationship between perception and drawing ability.

This evidence acted as the basis of Betty Edwards' how-to drawing book, Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain. Edwards aimed to teach her readers how to draw, based on the development of the reader's perceptual abilities.

Furthermore, the influential artist and art critic John Ruskin emphasised the importance of perception in the drawing process in his book The Elements of Drawing. He stated that "For I am nearly convinced, that once we see keenly enough, there is very little difficult in drawing what we see".

This has also been shown to influence one's ability to create visually accurate drawings. Short-term memory plays an important part in drawing as one's gaze shifts between the object they are drawing and the drawing itself.

Some studies comparing artists to non-artists have found that artists spend more time thinking strategically while drawing. In particular, artists spend more time on 'metacognitive' activities such as considering different hypothetical plans for how they might progress with a drawing.

Images for kids

In Spanish: Dibujo para niños

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The performing arts are those forms of art in which individual people perform separately or together. The artist's own body, face, and presence is needed for the performance.

Performance art differs from the plastic arts, which use materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be moulded or transformed. A plastic art produces some physical art object. The term 'performing arts' first appeared in the English language in the year 1711.

Types of performing arts

Artists who participate in performing arts in front of an audience are called performers, including actors, comedians, dancers, magicians, musicians, and singers. Performing arts are also supported by workers in related fields, such as songwriting and stagecraft.

Performers often adapt their appearance, such as with costumes and stage makeup, etc.

There is also a specialized form of fine art in which the artists perform their work live to an audience. This is called performance art. Most performance art also involves some form of plastic art, perhaps in the creation of props. Dance was often referred to as a plastic art during the Modern dance era.

Music focuses on three career paths, music performance, music education, and musicology (theory, history, etc.). Students learn to play musical instrument, but also study music theory, musicology, history of music and musical composition. In the arts tradition, music is also used to broaden skills of non-musicians by teaching skills such as concentration and listening.

Drama (Greek 'to do', 'seeing place') is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience. It uses speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle-indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style of plays, theatre takes such forms as musicals, opera, ballet, illusion, mime, Indian dance, kabuki, mummers' plays, stand-up comedy, pantomime, and non-conventional or arthouse theatre.

Dance (from Old French dancier) generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or in a social, spiritual or performance setting.

'Dance' is also used to describe methods of non-verbal communication (see body language) between humans or animals ( bee dance, mating dance), motion in inanimate objects ( the leaves danced in the wind), and certain music genres.

Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer.

The definition of what is dance depends on society, and ranges from folk dance to codified, virtuoso techniques such as ballet. In sports, rhythmic gymnastics, figure skating, ice dancing and synchronized swimming are dance disciplines. Some martial arts have dance-like moves.

History of Western performing arts

Starting in the 6th century BC, the first recorded performing art began in Ancient Greece, ushered in by the tragic poets such as Aeschylus and Sophocles. These poets wrote plays which, in some cases, incorporated dance (see Euripides). Aristophanes is noted for his satyrical comedies (5th century BC).

By the 6th century AD, the Western performing arts died out as the Dark Ages began. Between the 9th century and 14th century, performing art in the West was limited to religious historical enactments and morality plays, organized by the Church in celebration of holy days and other important events.

Images for kids

In Spanish: Artes escénicas para niños

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Express yourself !

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Arts and crafts describes a wide variety of activities involving making things with one's own hands. Arts and crafts is usually a hobby. Some crafts (art skills) have been practised for centuries, others are more recent inventions. A quote by Apoorva Rathore: Art cannot be taught, it comes from thinking. But it can be improved by practice.

Both children and adults enjoy arts and crafts. Children in schools may learn skills such as woodworking, wood carving, sewing, or making things with all sorts of material. Many community centres and schools have evening or day classes and workshops where one can learn arts and craft skills.

Although " crafts" today are usually hobbies enjoyed by amateurs, the word was used many centuries ago by professional people who had a guild system. Young people were learned from a master-craftsman (i.e. they were " apprenticed"), and they often took many years to learn their skills to perfection.

Crafts involving textiles

Crafts involving paper or canvas

Crafts involving plants

Other crafts

Images for kids

In Spanish: Artesanía para niños

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A martial art is any form of fighting and an art that has a set way of practice. There are many martial arts that come from certain countries. They are practiced for many reasons: fighting, self-defense, sport, self-expression, discipline, confidence, fitness, relaxing, meditation. A martial art is a style of combat, in many instances directed towards the self-defence. In the common usage, the word applies to the systems of combat developed in all the world.

A person who does martial arts is called a martial artist.

One common method is particularly in the Asian martial arts, it is the form or kata. Martial arts may be used for self-defense, combat and fitness.

The idea of "martial art" appeared first time in English language in the 1920 Takenobu's Japanese-English Dictionary as a translation of the word bu-gei or bu-jutsu what means " art or solution of the military matters".

Introduction

In simple words, the martial arts are fighting systems. There are many schools and styles of martial arts, but all share the same goal: the self-defence. Some of them, like taiji quan also can be used in order to improve health and the form as flowing of the .

Some martial arts were not born in Asia. For example, savate had appeared in France and the movements of sport of the capoeira came from the Brazil.

Many martial arts include punches ( boxing, karate), kicks ( taekwondo, kickboxing, karate), holds and throws ( judo, jujutsu, wrestling), weapons ( iaijutsu, kendo, kenjutsu, naginatado, fencing, Filipino eskrima) or certain combination of earlier mentioned elements (several styles of jujutsu).

The martial arts are divided in two great sets: the so-called " hard martial arts" like karate and kickboxing which give special consideration to the attack for beat the opponent and the " soft martial arts" like the judo and the aikido which fight the opponent in the less aggressive method, using the force of the other for surrender him.

It is difficult to compare the effectiveness of the different existing arts. Recently, people developed competitions like the Ultimate Fighting Championship in the United States of America or Pancrase in Japan. That competitions also are known as " mixed martial arts" or MMA. Although that is yet to be seen the financial success or defeat of these ways.

The martial arts are defined in this method: through the history, to the soldier in the battlefield, the only thing that was important for them was beat the enemy that one have before himself. Whether a style is soft or hard or how many points are gained with a blow are details and subjects of discussion which appear in periods of peace, when there were hand to hand combats.

The martial arts are the arts of the war. If the main goal in a competition depends on noting points to somebody's advantage, then we are not before a martial art but before a sport.

The history of the martial arts is wide. The act of developing of the fighting systems dates from when the man had been able to cause to pass the knowledge, along with the strategies of war. Part of the most ancient written material on the subject dates from the 15th century in Europe and the authorship fall to famous masters, like Hans Talhoffer and George Silver. Also transcriptions of still more ancient texts had been brought to our days, one of them is a document written by hand. That document is called I.33 and dates from end of the 13th century.

The persons who train martial arts disagree with relation to the matter of the competitions. Some arts, like the boxing or the Thai boxing, give attending to the sparring -fights during training - and to taking part in competitions, yet the most common of aikido and krav maga reject the competitions. The reasons that cause these opinions are different. Many of the arts desiring to compete argue that the competitions give place to better and more efficient techniques. However, certain styles not desiring to compete claim that the rules with which people developed these competitions ruin the art and does not represent what can happen in a real situation.

In recent years, there have been tries to return to life some martial arts considered historical. Examples of this historical reconstruction of the martial arts are the pankration and the school of Shaolin that have not a continua tradition.

Asian martial arts

Martial arts of other lands

Images for kids

In Spanish: Arte marcial para niños

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Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider. The verb "to stream" refers to the process of delivering or obtaining media in this manner; the term refers to the delivery method of the medium, rather than the medium itself, and is an alternative to file downloading, a process in which the end-user obtains the entire file for the content before watching or listening to it.

A client end-user can use their media player to start playing digital video or digital audio content before the entire file has been transmitted. Distinguishing delivery method from the media distributed applies specifically to telecommunications networks, as most of the delivery systems are either inherently streaming (e.g. radio, television, streaming apps) or inherently non-streaming (e.g. books, video cassettes, audio CDs). For example, in the 1930s, elevator music was among the earliest popular music available as streaming media; nowadays Internet television is a common form of streamed media. The term "streaming media" can apply to media other than video and audio, such as live closed captioning, ticker tape, and real-time text, which are all considered "streaming text".

Live streaming is the delivery of Internet content in real-time much as live television broadcasts content over the airwaves via a television signal. Live internet streaming requires a form of source media (e.g. a video camera, an audio interface, screen capture software), an encoder to digitize the content, a media publisher, and a content delivery network to distribute and deliver the content. Live streaming does not need to be recorded at the origination point, although it frequently is.

There are challenges with streaming content on the Internet. For example, users whose Internet connection lacks sufficient bandwidth may experience stops, lags, or slow buffering of the content. And users lacking compatible hardware or software systems may be unable to stream certain content.

Some popular streaming services include Netflix, Hulu, Prime Video, the video sharing website YouTube, Disney+ and other sites which stream films and television shows; Apple Music and Spotify, which stream music; and video game live streaming sites such as Mixer and Twitch.

In Spanish: Streaming para niños

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Have you ever been to a really fancy restaurant? Maybe you've seen special desserts in the windows of bakeries or shops from time to time. Have you ever thought a cake was so beautiful that it would be a to eat it?

Food many different reactions in people. Some people are drawn by taste, of course. Others, however, might be by its smells and visual appearance .

For thousands of years, people have sought not only to make food taste better, but great also have been made in making food smell and look better. After all, no one wants to eat something that doesn't look appetizing !

It's one thing to make a plate of spaghetti appealing. It's a whole other matter, however, to turn it into a true work of art. People who their time to turning edibles into visuals are often called food artists.

Art has featured food for thousands of years. In fact, you may have made art featuring food as the subject in art class. Have you ever drawn or painted a bowl of fruit?

Some brave souls have taken the step from painting pictures of fruit to making art out of the fruit itself. For example, watch an artist turn a watermelon into a flower in the video featured in How Much Water Is in a Watermelon? Of course, vegetables, pasta and many other types of food can be made into art, too. It's simply amazing what people can make out of items. Some of their creations are too beautiful to eat!

For example, the Japanese have created a new form of known as . Sometimes called boxes, these single-portion meals are packed in a box to take with you wherever you go.

boxes usually include rice, meat and vegetables arranged in an artful way to create a picture. These pieces of art can animals, nature scenes and even celebrities and characters from popular , and can make eating healthy foods fun.

Unlike art that hangs in a gallery or on the refrigerator, though, food art does not last long. It must be consumed before it goes bad. Many of today's food artists save their works with the help of modern technology. They take photographs of their works of art before they're eaten and then post them to a variety of websites and social media outlets.

Of course, many chefs would argue that every dish they prepare is a work of art, regardless of whether it's made to look like something else. They view the work of their hands as an art form in and of itself.

What do you think? Is an art form all its own? Some would argue no, since there's nothing left at the end of a meal. Others would argue that the memories of a great meal can be just as rewarding as memories of seeing the Mona Lisa.

Have you ever had a fabulous meal that you can still remember to this day? If so, then you might believe, like many, that the preparation and consumption of a meal can excite the senses just like any permanent work of art.

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Today's Wonder of the Day is both beautiful and delicious!

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The visual arts are art forms that create works which are primarily visual in nature. The visual arts (also known as the plastic arts) produce objects. They are contrasted with the performing arts.

Examples are ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking. Also, modern visual arts which use technology: photography, video, filmmaking and architecture.

These definitions should not be taken too strictly as many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Movies and performing arts, for example, make use of set and costume design, sometimes by prominent artists.

Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.

Images for kids

Ancient Chinese engraving of female instrumentalists

The Chinese Diamond Sutra, the world's oldest printed book (868 CE)

[Maurizio Bolognini]], Sealed Computers ( Nice, 1997). This conceptual art installation uses computer codes to create endless flows of random images which will never be accessible for viewing.

In Spanish: Artes visuales para niños

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Media Arts: One Minute Media Arts Lesson | PBS LearningMedia

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People have created media in different ways in different places and times. This short animation provides a quick lesson on the history of communications and media arts. View more of the Knowitall.org Collection.

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Concept Questions Cards with Related Concepts

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Concept Questions Cards with Related Concepts

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5 STEPS DEVELOPING CENTRAL IDEA (Master)TEMPLATE

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5 STEPS DEVELOPING CENTRAL IDEA (Master)TEMPLATE

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Let's Vote

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We are extremely grateful for everyone's participation in making this year PYP Exhibition logo come to reality. Through immense level of feedback and thoughtfulness, here we present PYP-X21/22 logo.

Download link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/15V7MB2drLOwSDB_ApdTgt9AO3nzQgn2e/view?usp=sharing

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Marco (6L) Interview with Oke Rosgana - Yoyo Master

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Marco (6L) Interview with Oke Rosgana - Yoyo Master