# data[].attributes.body
Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

Reflection is needed to provide a space for deep thinking, evaluate and develop practice, prevent stagnation, stive for excellence, and make practice creative. This can encourage self-awareness which increases independence hence, allowing career growth. Reflecting critically will allow professionals to be decisive and not create biased assumptions. Reflect on practice requires skills such as self-awareness, critical analysis, evaluation, description, synthesis, and action. All these components when combined will create a well-rounded foundation as a basis for further adjustments in their practice and life in general.

What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

Gibb’s Reflective Cycle

This would be my favorite model of reflective practice since it offers a systematic way of addressing an issue. I have taken a liking to this particular model of reflective practice since it has its own way of approaching conflicts, resolving issues, and also avoid repetition of mistakes. This model can be used to objectively approach ideas without any judgement and to make a decision that can apply to future similar conflicts. Other ways to include this in my future practice would be in addressing conflicts such as workplace disagreements. When employees disagree on a certain decision this will tend to harbor hard feelings for each other which can create a hostile environment for everyone. To address such issues, this model can be introduced in order to objectively see a situation. This model will help see the situation, not as having a winner and a loser, but looking at the situation with an endpoint that will satisfy everyone and will help prevent future misunderstandings.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

We should reflect on practice because or actions have a bigger effect than most of us realize. It affects us, other people, and our environment so we should do our best to always strive to do better and be better than we were. Reflecting on practice can to make better decisions in the future and prevent mistakes from reoccurring. We are able to see and correct wrong assumptions. Additionally, It helps us become more competent so we move forward rather than stay where we are forever. When we reflect on practice, we are able to become competent individuals, becoming better and better at what we do. It also helps us to become more aware not only of ourselves but also of people’s perceptions of us. Lastly, it helps us put ideas and concepts into action in everyday life. The skills needed to reflect on practice are self-awareness, description, critical analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and action. We need self-awareness to be able to analyze themselves, their actions, their effects on a situation and how a situation has affected them. We need to description to be able to correctly recall the events that happened that led to a mistake. Critical analysis is necessary to be able to analyze the different components and elements in a situation. Synthesis allows us to integrate what we learned and what we know. It helps us to conclude something from our reflection. Evaluation helps us to judge fairly the factors involved in a previous experience, current situation, and in an action we decide to do. Action is our ability to choose whether we will execute an action and how we will do it.

2. What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

My favorite model of reflective practice is Gibb’s reflective practice. This is mostly because I believe this is what I currently do to make myself a better person, and find that it works well. I often think about my mistakes when I have nothing to do. I like to imagine what happened. Then, I like to recognize how I felt because I know that influenced the rest of my actions. I then like to think of the good and bad things that happened during that event. Then, I try to think of different perspectives to the situation. I then like to think of what I could have done, and what would have happened if I did that thing I was thinking of instead of doing what I actually did. I then tell myself that this is what I will do in the future if I find myself in a similar situation. I can apply this model to my future practice by doing this reflective practice at the end of my day, after my work. I can think of how I was during work and how I can do better. I can analyze both my actions and emotions throughout the day in order to become a better worker the next day. For example, if my reflections leads me to understand that my irritability in a certain situation was uncalled for and only worsened my performance, I will learn to recognize that emotion, and correct my  thinking when that happens again in the future so that I do not form a grudge against a patient that could affect the way I treat them or handle them.

# data[].attributes.body
1.     Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

In the future, as professionals, it is important that we reflect on our practice as it is part of our learning curve. Through reflections and evaluations of our values and actions, we get to become better at our profession. When we reflect on our practice, we are able to figure out our strengths weaknesses, achievements, and mistakes. With our strengths and achievements, we are able to maintain it or even elevate it to the next level for the betterment of our patients or clients. Through reflecting on our mistakes and weaknesses, we get to learn from it, enhance it, and make sure to never repeat it again in the future. In the end, reflective practice will not just benefit us, the professionals, but also our clients and patients.

The skills that we will be needing when it comes to reflecting on our practice are as follows: Self-awareness or Introspection where we know our own strengths and weaknesses as well as our limits. This will help us analyze and evaluate our own actions throughout the process and identify whether it has done harm or good to our patients as well as our organization we are representing. The next skill needed is Description where we are observant and alert to the needs of the patients. Here, we should be aware of what the case is about so we can report only what is accurate. The next is Critical Analysis where we are able to judge the situation objectively and identify its components like how the process went and what were the errors that occur if there were any. Then we have the Synthesis where we continue to learn and add to our previous knowledge. In this skill, we should be able to properly and professionally voice out our thoughts and opinions in a coherent manner. We also have the Evaluation where we not only evaluate ourselves but also our environment or surrounding and identify what the case needs. This will then be followed by the Action or Intervention where we are capable of making a decision on the case and acting on it.

2.     What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

My favorite model of reflective practice is the Conscious Competence Learning Model where it details the journey when we learn something new as this model is practically seen everywhere and probably have been experienced by the majority. It starts with the Unconscious Incompetence where we most of us start. Like others, we are not knowledgeable at first of things and we lack the skills needed. This is where Conscious Incompetence enters where we get a little bit of experience in our work. This is usually related to internships in a job or practice where we get to learn our limitations. Then we have the Conscious Competence where we get to learn more and enhance our skills that the practice  demands. Here, we keep on practicing and learning all throughout in order to enter the next phase which is the Unconscious Competence where we now can perform well with less doubts on our skills and more confidence in our own strengths.  Lastly, we have the Reflective Competence where we get to reflect on our values and beliefs and evaluate our actions in the practice. This is where we get to realize whether what we have been doing in the past is effective or not so that we can once again learn if it is not helping our practice.

In my future practice, I can surely apply this model but to be honest, this is what I’m already utilizing now where I’m studying and learning in school so that I will be able to succeed during my internship year. And when I graduate, I will be able to find a job where I can be competent in it. In addition, science is a continuous process where everyday, there are researches and new things that come out. As a future professional, I must be aware of those things and know its importance. With that, if there are new discoveries in my field, I can make use of this model by learning first the discovery and evaluating whether it is helpful and my practice and from there, I can apply it in my practice.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

In our college life, groupings in subjects are inevitable as this gives us a glimpse of how we will be once we step out of school and into the professional world. For this semester, our professors decided to have the same groupings for 7 subjects with the liberty of choosing our groupmates. So, I went and joined my friends in the class and we became a group. With this set-up, there will be lots of opinions and thoughts and there may even be times where our group may become divided.

a.     What was your role?

To ensure fairness, each member of the team was assigned a subject where they would be the leader. For most of the subjects, my role is a member of the team that will contribute to the tasks. It’s also my role and responsibility as a part of the group to voice out my opinion in a respectful manner and listen to others as well. In one subject, I became the leader that is in-charge of handling the deadlines and the final papers to be submitted. Another role of mine is to make sure that everyone is cooperating and putting in their contributions. During our making of the CIP, I made sure that we were on track with the submission.

b.     What actions did you make?

For every subject, we made a different group chat so we can focus on each subject and it won’t be hard to go back to our messages. I made the needed google docs and sheets as well as plan meetings on when we can synchronously do the tasks. I was also the one who submitted the final papers. I also made sure that everyone was heard and that if there were cases where we didn’t agree with each other, we would talk about it and go through the points one by one and then making a decision in the end that is within the best interest of the group.

c.      Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

I can say that most of the sub-competencies can be applied to the situation but particularly developing a trusting relationship with my groupmates because without trust, it would be difficult for us to communicate properly as we will keep on doubting each other’s opinions. This is where listening to other’s thoughts comes in as it is the foundation of the team’s trust in each other. Through this sub-competency, we will be able to formulate shared decisions in which all opinions are taken into account. In turn, each member will feel that they are valued and that they are involved in the process. This then becomes a cycle as the trust in the team gets stronger and stronger.

d.     What was the outcome?

In the end, our group was able to pass our CIP for the subject I’m leading on time. We were also able to have our own inputs. All throughout, we would talk in Discord and we would share our suggestions and thoughts and we would listen to the other members as well. I can say that our final paper was the fruit of our team’s labor as we were able to create a comfortable and productive atmosphere

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been a part of the team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

When I was in highschool, we had a subject called “Entrepreneurship”. We were tasked to create a business given a budget. There are no categorical limits for as long as it is legal. Afterwards, all funds will be given to our chosen beneficiaries.

What was your role?

My role was in the marketing department. I was part of the advertising and marketing team. We were tasked with the promotion of our photobooth.

What actions did you make?

I formulated the marketing strategy and followed through. I also became an actress and videographer during the preparation stage. Nearing the event, I also helped in the other committees to expedite the process. I also took charge of buying the materials needed and doing manual tasks such as cutting and booth preparation. During the event, I also manned the booth, became a rover, and addressed problems faced by the customers.

Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

The sub competency: “Work in cooperation with those who receive care, those who provide care, and others who contribute to or support the delivery of prevention and health care services” can be applied to the situation. This applies to the situation because it is evident how we, as a group, were able to also help out in other committees not assigned to us. While we have specific competencies or committee, we still strived to provide a better quality of service through helping others for the best interest of our clients.

What was the outcome?

We were able to raise 180% of our capital and we were able to give it to our chosen beneficiary. We were also able to learn from one another through our journey.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been a part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

During one of our patient handling experiences in 2nd year, we were assigned to a client who suffered a stroke. As part of our list of prioritization, we had to assess the client’s language skills including the output modality of writing. However, it was mentioned during case history that the client has a hard time using her right hand. From what I can recall, the group’s opinions was divided at that point, with some wanting to forego writing assessment while others wanting to try.

1. What was your role?

I was a member of the group hence we were the ones discussing the dilemma and what should be done given our initial information from the case history that the patient has difficulty using her right hand, however is able to type using her phone. We were also tasked by the group leader to speak up our thoughts given that the problem is of a big deal, as it will say so much about our evaluation findings.

2. What actions did you make?

Prior to sharing my thoughts and opinions regarding the group’s dilemma, I made sure to first read our reference material regarding the extent to which the writing assessment is important. I learned that it is one of the vital tasks for differential diagnosis. Other than this, I also rewatched the case history video and made sure that the patient really mentioned that she is able to type using her phone. Afterwards, I reflected for a bit more then decided to share my thoughts and opinions with the class. I remember saying that perhaps we could just let her type using her phone in order to assess writing. However, the other members said that maybe asking her to do it is a bit insensitive given that she has already reported difficulties using her right hand. I listened to them and realized their point hence choosing to agree not to continue with the task.

3. Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?
Yes, I think the sub-competency that was evident in the situation is to place the interest of patients and population at the center of interprofessional healthcare delivery given that we tried to be sensitive enough and prioritized our patient by thinking of her possible response, feelings, and attitudes if we continue with the assessment. In relation to this is the sixth sub-competency which is to develop a trusting relationship with patients, families, and other team members. Just like in my previous example, we were able to focus on the patient as a person first and not just simply on the skills needed to be assessed. This was also seen when I and my group mates discussed and participated in shared-decision making regarding our dilemma.

4. What was the outcome?
In the end, the group finally agreed not to push through with the writing assessment after everyone shared their insights. The decision was made as a group by voting through a poll. However, from what I can recall, our supervisor later on told us that assessment through typing on the phone could have been a feasible option of assessing writing if the patient can really type. Hence, overall, it was a learning experience for everyone in the group.

# data[].attributes.body
CLL5

Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

We should reflect on practice because as healthcare professionals, we are entrusted with a huge responsibility of taking care of a person’s life and their quality of life. It is important to be flexible and open to changes, and even criticisms from others. Our practices are also changing throughout time and that is why it is important for us to be lifelong learners. The skills needed for reflective practice do not really need to be grand at first, we can always learn through reflection. Critical analysis and Self-awareness are really a must in order to help us know how we perform and how else we can perform better. Soft skills are also necessary for us to really execute our tasks well and ensure that we are able to communicate effectively with every stakeholder.

What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

My favorite model is Borton's Developmental Framework. It is because it helps us really point out specific problems and identify also how we can improve various aspects through evaluation in the end. It gives a more comprehensive look on situations faced and strives to let everyone involved look for all possible concerns experienced throughout the whole incident. Hence, we are able to critically analyze, synthesize, and provide an action or intervention that could help us become better persons.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after completing PLA 3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved? Use the What? So what? Now what? Reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001)

Communication was very vital in the completion of our PLA 3. The team was able to set a time for us to be complete and we were given opportunities to share our thoughts and ideas to the whole group. It was done within and outside of group meetings.

What?

When we were setting a schedule for our meeting, we found that some of our group members had no electricity brought about by the typhoon. However, it was noted that they still tried to communicate and also inform us of others’ situations. Hence, it was evident how communication was really important during the setting of our scheduled meeting.

So what?

This showed me that we were all one in the group where we really want to accomplish the task at hand. It was also evident how the group showed openness and remained respective towards all group members given that we were able to come up with a compromise that will be beneficial to all.

Now what?

The situation presented shows us that as a group, communication is really necessary for us not only to be aware, but to also understand and figure things out as a group. Through effective communication, we can also become better healthcare professionals because we are able to show that we are flexible enough to modify our plans to ensure the best outcome for everyone involved.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

Our lesson on Reflective Practice made me realize that being able to reflect on our practice is crucial not just for our improvements as clinicians/ medical professions but more so for the benefit of our clients that we seek to serve to the best of our abilities. Specifically, its importance include learning from the mistakes or medical errors that we have done in the past. Personally, I can very much relate to this given my previous experiences in handling patients in some of our professional courses. Reflecting on what happened, what went wrong, and what we should have done better surely allows me to not make the same mistakes again. Knowing all those things allows the clinician to know what to do and ultimately put that knowledge into practice. This benefits us in such a way that we are able to improve on our skills and expertise. In the same way, our clients are assured that we are giving the best of our ability and skills in serving them. In relation to this, another importance of reflection on practice includes being able to update our knowledge regarding the latest findings, researches, and trends in our field of practice. Just like what all of my instructors always remind us of, Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is the gold standard in managing our clients. Knowledge is ever-changing and evolving, hence there is a need for us to evaluate and develop our practice in order to benefit our clients. Lastly, another importance of reflective practice that I was able to learn is that it gives way for self-awareness or introspection. Being in the allied health field means that we get to see and deal with clients with different cultures, religions, beliefs, and values. Sometimes, however, some professionals tend to overlook the importance of being sensitive enough to those things. Hence, some are able to unintentionally hurt or offend clients or their families hence the need to be self-aware.

The first skill needed to reflect on practice is self-awareness wherein we try to reflect on the situation at hand, our feelings towards this, and how the situation affects us by examining ourselves or simply contemplating. In relation to the first one, the next is description which allows us to accurately and completely describe what it is transpired. Through this, we are able to prevent future errors. Next is critical analysis wherein we try to analyze in an in-depth manner all the components of a specific situation. In synthesis, we use our previous experiences, current knowledge, and expertise of others in creating a particular idea. Following this evaluation wherein we take into consideration all the factors including time, resources, and knowledge needed for the action wherein we finally act on the situation after careful reflection.

2. What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

My favorite model of reflective practice is the Gibb’s Reflective Cycle which is primarily rooted in learning by doing. I chose this, as this is very relevant to our field of practice as future allied health professionals. Personally, this is relatable to me given the many instances in the past wherein I made a mistake be it during a practical exam, assessment session, evaluation paper writing, or even therapy session with a real patient. I think that the bulk of the knowledge that I have now came from my experiences. Although I do not know the Gibb’s Reflective Cycle by its name in the past, the process that I did after making a mistake/ error was very similar to it. Knowing and acknowledging what happened is the first step towards learning. I also like that the model reminds us to acknowledge both the good and the bad in the experience so as to learn from both. From there we will know what things to continue doing and what to improve.

I can apply this model in future practice by making sure to take every failure or mistake as a learning experience. Indeed, every single day is an opportunity to learn and improve hence the importance of this model’s application in clinical practice. As a future clinician, it pays to know that it is alright if we do not know everything yet. In fact, some of my instructors have always emphasized the importance of clinical experience in becoming skilled clinicians. I know, for sure, that the clinical judgment and clinical ear that my instructors tell us about are a result of numerous clinical exposures and experiences wherein committing mistakes are clearly a part of. However, the model doesn’t suggest that making mistakes is always acceptable and that we no longer put the effort into doing the right thing. It rather suggests that experiences may be composed of the good and the bad and that it is up to us to make that experience a valuable one.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved? Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

During the process of accomplishing our PLA3 output, the importance of teamwork and communication was evidently highlighted in the group. By looking at the specifics of the output, a public awareness campaign through an audio-visual presentation, one would easily agree that it requires efficient collaboration given that it is considerably complex. Thus, it is commendable that the group was able to effectively communicate. This was seen when the group agreed on a common date and time wherein all members were free. The meeting was then conducted at the scheduled time wherein brainstorming and division of tasks were done. Specifically, ideas and opinions were shared by some members and were acknowledged by everyone in the group.

Although it was evident that not everyone unmuted during the call, it is noteworthy that all members participated by utilizing the reactions button in Zoom or voting in the polls provided. Honestly, I admit that I am among those who do not normally unmute, especially when it comes to things that require creativity, as I am not confident about my ideas. However, this can be further improved by encouraging myself to be comfortable with sharing my thoughts. I guess the same applies to everyone else in the group who has the same sentiments. Overall, the group was successfully able to communicate and come up with decisions including the target population (i.e. stroke patients) and division of tasks (i.e. video editors, scriptwriters, voiceover artists, and powerpoint editors).

To further reflect on what happened during the completion of our PLA3, Rolfe et al.’s (2001) reflective model will be used. First is the what, wherein our problem with regards to not exceeding the time set for the video easily came to my mind. As has been mentioned, the group was subdivided into groups depending on their roles. There was this point in time when the voiceover artists informed the scriptwriters, which I am a part of, that we might need to further shorten the script given the time restrictions. What happened showed a problem encountered by the group, however, it more so highlights how the two subgroups effectively communicated with one another. As for so what, I have realized the importance of actually communicating especially when dilemmas and problems arise. Furthermore, the situation made me realize that we are actually in a team, working together in order to achieve a common goal which in this case is the accomplishment of our video output hence the need to act and do our part. Lastly, for now what, what our leader did was inform everyone in the script team about the problem raised by the other team. Immediately, the scriptwriters agreed to summarize the whole script without compromising its contents.

Team Dynamics and Behaviors (Incorporate key Takeaways to CLL)

The two videos presented show exactly what should be and what should not be done in order to ensure effective dynamics and behaviors within the team. Specifically, the first video entitled Missed Opportunities for Interprofessional Practice clearly portrays what should not be done when working with a team. As we have in the video, none of the health professionals seem interested and prepared to participate in the case conference. In fact, we can see some of them eating, using the cellphone, not sitting properly, playing with one’s hair, not paying attention, and even doing things with one’s nails while a team member is discussing the case. Those actions clearly suggest a lack of interest and even disrespect. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the team members appear to be so unsure of what they are saying regarding the case. To support this, the doctor even admitted that she still doesn’t have the patient chart. Moreover, Landon, who seems to be a nurse, wasn’t able to clearly communicate the patient’s status given that he failed to speak in a professional and even organized manner. Overall, both the verbal and nonverbal behaviors presented as well as the team dynamics clearly indicate inefficient teamwork and communication.

On the other hand, the second video entitled Interprofessional Practice (IPP) in Action shows the complete opposite of the previous video in terms of the dynamics and behaviors shown by the team. Here, it was evident that the members of the team clearly understood their roles and responsibilities in the child’s case hence the successful and collaborative conference. Unlike in the previous video, the members of this team listened intently to whoever was talking. In fact, everyone was able to contribute to the discussion while showing that they acknowledge and respect whatever was stated by another team member. Overall, basing it off on the way they collaborated, it is likely that the team will be able to provide the most appropriate and holistic management to their client.

# data[].attributes.body
Why should we reflect on practice? what skills needed to reflect on practice?

We need to reflect on our practice to further evaluate ourselves especially in areas we need to improve on. It is also important to keep ourselves updated with the latest and recent knowledge available. This would help us maintain our competence which consequently earns our clients' and patients' trust. And in order to do this, we must be aware of ourselves and our surroundings first. We must be able to assess what we are doing, about to do, and what we've done. We must also be able to analyze the factors that affect us and our decisions before implementing our solutions to the problems we faced. We also need this to screen our skills and capabilities so that we know which areas must we capitalize in. ---------------------------------------------------------------

What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

2. As for my favorite model of reflective practice, it is Kolb's model of reflective practice because I think it is a concise and comprehensive model that I can relate to as a kinesthetic learner because according to Kolb, learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Applying this in the current set-up of our learning about our profession, we mostly learn about our practice through books and other resources without actual face-to-face learning. As a kinesthetic learner, I learn and understand more when I can put what I read into action. Currently, the only times we act what we learn are through return demonstrations and practicals, and with the help of our professor's feedbacks, we realize the areas that we need to improve on and therefore, we carry over what we learned to the next time we perform the interventions and other procedures that were taught to us. In the future, when we are allowed to practice in the actual rehabilitation setting,  these learnings that we have gained in our classes would be beneficial in treating different patients and approaching them with care and confidence, with heavy consideration to their conditions and situations.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

There are multiple instances that there are some confusions among the assigned roles during some of our return demos due to unforeseen circumstances regarding the availability of sample patients for the case discussion.

a.     What was your role?
As a third-year student, we were assigned to different LO groups that we will be collaborating with until we graduate. We are a fixed team for all of our other subjects except IPE. I am one of the members of our team.

b.     What actions did you make?
I coordinated with those members and suggested to them possible alternatives that they can do so they can still perform during the return demo.

c.      Is there any specific sub-competencies applicable to the situation?
For situations like this,  it is important to adjust accordingly to possible circumstances as there are differences among the team members thus their situations must be respected and compensated if necessary. I think that the embracing the cultural diversity and individual difference that characterizes patients, populations and the healthcare team.

d.     What was the outcome?

They were able to perform due to my suggestion and the output of the team was good.

# data[].attributes.body
In all group settings, it is essential that there is communication and teamwork among the team as this will ensure productivity. This will also allow for minimal misunderstandings as it will be easier to clear things up if there is a proper channel of communication. During the completion of our PLA3, we made sure that there was effective and proper communication in our group as well as in our subgroups. Our group decided to divide the tasks where there will be different students in charge of video editing, voiceovers, and scriptwriting. In this case, teamwork and communication is very important so that each member can contribute to the project. Through our online meetings using zoom and messenger group chats, we were able to equally divide the tasks. Additionally, before we chose a final topic, we made sure that everyone agreed with it so we had a voting to again ensure that there is fairness.

Based on the Reflection Model by Rolfe et al (2001), I can further elaborate the events that transpired:

What? What went well is that we were able to voice out our opinions and thoughts before making a final group decision so all choices were respected by each and everyone. We were also given the liberty to choose our roles so we will be able to confidently contribute. So What? From this, I have understand more and experienced firsthand just how important it is to keep communicating with everyone. Now What? From there, we planned well what we wanted to do so we started with messaging our subgroups and also dividing works. For each subgroups, there were deadlines we had to meet given that we have different schedules also. When we have confusions or questions regarding our roles, we would just message each other and ask for their thoughts. Throughout the days that we were finishing this project, I can say that even though there were small bumps along the way which represents little misunderstandings, the whole ride went smoothly thanks to the cooperation of everyone in this group.

Team Dynamics and Behavior

In the Missed Opportunities for Interprofessional Practice video, we see that it is an example of a team that has no teamwork and no effective communication. Some members of team were not prepared to share their cases and we can see them not being confident in the way they deliver their words which should not be because if we do that to the patients, then they may feel uncomfortable and lose confidence in the team. All members were able to talk and participate in the discussion but you can see how each of them were uninterested when it comes to listening to the other members of the team as some were playing with their phones, fixing their hair, looking around, etc. Some members would even have to be tapped in the shoulder because they weren’t aware that it was already their time to speak. All these will cause a delay and disruption in their meetings which can also affect the treatment of the patient.

In the Interprofessional Practice (IPP) in Action video, we can see that the members were really enthusiastic in sharing their thoughts as well as in listening to the other members. They are all aware of their roles and responsibilities and are able to properly relay it to the team. All throughout the video, they were all listening intently and digesting all the information. All these will positively impact their treatment of the patient as there will be productivity.

What I learned from the video is the same from what I learned in our group meetings. Communication is indeed important. However, communication is not just a one-way street where you speak up and share your opinions or thoughts as it is also about listening to other’s thoughts and opinions. Additionally, it is vital that our main goal is to ensure the well-being of our patients so in order to accomplish that, we must always be aware, attentive, and alert.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

In my experience during college, it was quite normal to have different opinions about how some things should be done or answered. One of those times was when our group this 3rd year were discussing about how things in a problem list should be prioritized. Everyone had different thoughts and opinions on how it would best be organized.

What was your role?

In the group, my role was a member. I was assigned to a certain part of the groupwork, but also was with the group in reviewing the whole project to point out what we think could be adjusted or changed.

What actions did you make?

What I did, aside from sharing my own ideas and opinions, was I listened to everyone with open ears, then pointed out similar opinions, and integrated these similar ideas to help come up with the best project that was able to accommodate everyone’s opinions and ideas.

Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

I think a sub-competency that applies to the situation is openness to other people’s comments, ideas, and opinions. Another sub-competency I can think of that applies in the situation is being flexible enough to adjust an output to include the ideas of everyone in the group.

What was the outcome?

The outcome was a paper that we were all proud and sure of. We might  not have created the best output ever, but we made an outstanding one given the current knowledge and skills we have. We were able to come up with a unified answer peacefully, and were able to present this to our facilitator during class.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after  completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved?  Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

I believe the team communicated well. I liked how we were able to each express our own opinions for the activity, and come up with a time that wherein every was free to join and participate in the meeting. We were also able to communicate well in delegating tasks, and in the discussion of our points of view.

What?
One problem we faced was the diversity of schedules for each person in the team. Each one had different times of availability considering both their school schedules and household responsibilities. However, one thing that really went our way was the willingness of each team to compromise for each other. We were willing to move schedules even on last minute changes, eventually finding a good time for the whole group to discuss.

So what?
What I learned from this given the hardship and quirks of the group, is that we can achieve what we aim for with perseverance from everyone, and willingness to adjust and compromise with each other.  I found out that we can have a good and meaningful discussion with everyone’s willing participation and effort to be part of the team.

Now what?
We can use this in our future activities as a group. We can continue to do and continue to improve how we tackle problems, with effective communication and willingness to be flexible for each other. We can use these to find good times to meet, and to discuss things. Additionally, we can continue to be active in our future discussions, and be open to each other’s ideas. To improve how we currently are, one thing also discussed was being knowledgeable in each member’s schedules so that we can all be aware of good times for each other to meet and talk about things.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Why should we reflect on practice? Whats skills are needed to reflect on practice?

2. Whats you favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in you future practice?

1. Based on the lesson, I have learned that reflection on practice is important because of multiple reasons. First, this provides space for deep thinking and evaluation of practice. This allow the professional to dig deeper on what was done well, and what could have been done better.  Second, it prevents stagnation helps motivate professionals to strive for excellence. This ensures that the those in the practice are able to recuperate in order to avoid feeling uninspired or unmotivated. This allows them to look back into the reason why they have entered the field in the first place. In doing so reflection professionals develop their skills in self-directed learning, improvement of motivation, and ultimately, improvement of the quality of care they are able to provide. Some of the skills needed to reflect on practice are: Self awareness, description the ability to critically analyze, evaluate, and plan actions/interventions.

2. My favorite model is the Gibbs’s Reflective Cycle. The field of health care is ever changing, and as future rehabilitation professionals it is important that we acknowledge the importance at looking back once experience. With this we understand how we felt about what happened, what we learned, and what we would want to know for future references in connection to the practice. This model emphasises the link between reflection and action which is crucial for professional development.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

As healthcare professionals, we must continually reflect on our actions. Reflection allows us to recognize our strengths and weaknesses and use these to work on the needed skills to help us become more well-rounded professionals while also working on our strengths where we can choose to gain more knowledge. It helps in preventing stagnation because when we continuously reflect on our strengths and weaknesses, we can identify specifically what skill or which area we want to work on or continue to improve in. With this, it becomes easier to take steps to become better in the profession. In addition to this, it can also help us in the short term as we can reflect on specific situations that may happen in our day-to-day practice thinking on what were the other possible steps taken that we could have done and we will be able to incorporate this later on as well to improve the quality of care that we are able to provide.

One would need to first have self-awareness as we need to acknowledge our current strengths and weaknesses before we are able to work on ourselves. While reflecting on this, we should be able to accurately describe the events that led us to conclude our strengths and weaknesses. and say that constantly question events that happened that led us to recognize such. With these said, one must be honest about themselves and must be able to give an accurate description of what has transpired. Upon gathering this information, we must try to dissect and analyze the situations by parts. From there we are able to integrate our past experiences with our current inputs on what we could have done better.  With this, we are able to reevaluate the steps needed and then they can come up with a new action plan that we may use when the same situation arises or how we can better approach the situations.

2.What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice? What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

My favorite model of reflective practice is the Borton’s Developmental Framework. This approach is very straightforward when approaching different situations making it easier to implement when answers are needed immediately. With answering “What?” I am able to easily identify the current event problem, what my role was that can be helped when evaluating the situation consider the situation. Once these are identified, I may begin to analyze the importance of dealing with the problem at hand with “Now what?” I will have to think about how to respond to the situation at hand. With these three main questions, I can easily reevaluate my actions and formulate a new plan of action.

In the future, I can apply this whenever I come across a situation where I felt that I didn’t do my best whether it be during sessions, documentation, or being with co-workers. I can use this framework to easily reevaluate and think about how I should have approached these situations better. I’ll take note of my possible plan of action and take note of my strengths and weaknesses in these situations which I can use to improve myself and become a better professional.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

During senior high school, we were required to think of ways to earn money, hitting a quota by the end of the semester. For the culminating activity, there was a bazaar where we are given to sell products to a larger audience. However, we had to think of the main product that we were going to sell in the bazaar and my group had difficulty conceptualizing and deciding what was going to be our main product.

1. What was your role?

Eventually, my group thought of crocheted products but our professor told us that we had to think of a way to make it special and unique to make it more appealing to the public. Everyone in the group had to brainstorm regarding this. As a member of the group, I had to contribute my ideas as well and  I was able to come up with the idea of selling a crocheted doll with crocheted clothes or items sold separately so the customer can customize and personalize the product. I thought that this would be the best chance for us to reach the quota and maybe become a hit with the customers. However, when it was my turn to speak up, the group didn’t pay attention to my idea because I was speaking in English, a language which I am more accustomed to, and instead of listening to my idea, they paid attention to my choice of medium. In the end, I wasn’t given a chance to explain my idea well and so they rejected it.

2. What actions did you make?

After our discussion, we still weren’t able to think of something to make our products unique. We decided to give ourselves more time to think about how to go about this. I took this time to think of a new product and thought of having crocheted animals made. I looked up online for steps on how to create these and communicate with the one in charge of crocheting asking if they are able to make the product. They agreed to try and make one as a sample.

3. Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

I think that embracing the cultural diversity and individual differences that characterize patients, populations, and the healthcare team is applicable to the situation. As healthcare professionals, we will work with people from different walks of life and so have to respect the individual by listening intently ensuring that they are valued in a caring and nonjudgmental way.

4. What was the outcome?

With this, she showed me a sample of the final output and I pitched my idea among the group explaining how we can sell this and make this our main product. I ensured that I met halfway when explaining my idea by speaking in Tagalog when I could while still trying to convey my message. In the end, the group paid attention and considered my idea. We had the products crafted just in time for the bazaar which ended up becoming a hit and we were able to reach our quota.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved?

Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

It was evident that good communication within the group was needed throughout the process of completing the PLA3. Starting off with conceptualizing the activity, we discussed the possible topics for the video, delegated our roles, and assigned internal deadlines for each subgroup. During this stage, communication was vital as we had to become vocal and choose what will be our main topic and what will the theme be as we conceptualize the video. Having the poll was helpful as it became our platform and means of communicating our choices. From there, we were able to finish the planning immediately and everyone was able to do their parts respectively, sticking to our internal deadlines.

As a member of the creatives team, I was in charge of editing the PowerPoint presentation where I’m dependent on the content of the script team and the video team was reliant on our work. Halfway through the output, my partner and I realized that the script was becoming too lengthy and we were struggling to keep up with the demands of the tasks. We talked among ourselves to evaluate the situation at hand and we decided to raise the concern to the group. Immediately, my groupmates responded to our concern and helped us out with our part and summarized the script as well.  This event showed me that communication truly plays a huge factor in group works. Had we chosen to keep this among ourselves, we would have set up ourselves for failure and we wouldn’t have finished our part on time.

Now, I learned that having regular updates would have helped during the process of making the PLA3  to help inform each subgroup of the current progress of the output. I saw this as a missed opportunity for the group because this can be used as an avenue to support the subgroups as we could have been aware of what’s working and what’s not working within the group and made the adjustments accordingly. Though we were able to manage our concerns early on, this can be applied in our future groupworks to help foster good communication. As a member of the group, I eventually began to realize the importance of speaking up within the group and that I should try to express my ideas and thoughts during group meetings to help give us an in-depth discussion on how to proceed with future groupworks. It would have been better if we are able to hear the opinions of other group members, because we may never know if their ideas are worth considering or not. Additionally, this can give off a lighter atmosphere in the group. Hopefully, for the upcoming activities, we would be able to foster better communication skills and have the confidence to be more open and expressive of our thoughts.

Pay attention to how they communicate with each other and try to

answer these questions

Are members prepared to discuss the case from their discipline specific perspective?

Do all team members contribute to the discussion?

Is the discussion distributed amongst team member?

Do team members appear to value the opinions of others in the team

Team Dynamics and Behaviors (Incorporate key takeaways to CLL)

Missed Opportunitites for Interprofessional Practice

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIbLxLw69A0

Throughout the video entitled “Missed Opportunities for Interprofessional practice”, ineffective communication was seen among the team members. Though everyone was given the chance and was able to discuss the case, we can see that they were unprofessional about it. They only paid attention when it was their turn to speak up and when discussing their parts Throughout the discussion, only one member was facilitating the discussion and was paying attention to everyone’s opinions while other members were focused on other tasks at hand or they spaced out in the middle of the meeting. While as the video “Interprofessional Practice in Action” showed how a  team effectively collaborates and shares their ideas. We can observe that we must pay attention to the discussion while also displaying proper verbal and nonverbal communication skills and t through this, we can show the person that we value their opinion and we are open to suggestions.

Key takeaways from the two scenarios:

1. We must listen attentively when there is a discussion and we must display effective nonverbal communication cues like nodding our heads or maintaining good eye contact to show the speaker that we are engaged and interested in what they are saying.

2. We should treat the client as a person and think about what’s best for the client in a holistic manner, and that we should talk to each other in our professional lens secondary.

3. It is important to schedule regular team meetings to update each other on what is going on in their treatments from the different areas to see how the team can support each other. Through this, we can see if our goals and objectives are still aligned and if our interventions are working towards these goals.

# data[].attributes.body
• Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved? Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

While working on our PLA3 output, the importance of communication and teamwork  was emphasize through a lot of aspects involved in the project. From decision-making to planning and delegation of tasks, each members of the group were able to contribute accordingly depending on their roles and responsibilities in the team and collectively we were able to make our output smoothly without a hitch.

To further reflect on what transpired while making our PLA3 output,  using Rolfe et. Al (2001 reflective model. First is what, one of our main conflicts was the time limitation given to us in making the video. Our team was divided depending our roles in the making of the video, this became a problem since there were parts that did not add up at first. Initially, the scriptwriters made a script that was too long, so the narrators were concerned about the length of the narration thinking that it would go over the time limit that was given to us for this output. As for so what, knowing this concerns I have suggested that the script writers should further summarize the script accordingly to fit the time limit, I led the group in summarizing the script. For now what,  it was resolved when the subgroups cooperated with each other and was able to resolved this may summarizing further the script and adjusting it according to what fits within the time limit. This highlights the effectiveness of good communication within the team. I have reflected on the conflicts that we have encountered as a team as a good lesson, which brought our group together enabling us  to accomplish our goal by cooperating with each other to assess how to resolve the problems that we have encountered during the creative process.

Team dynamic and Behaviors ( Incorporate key takeaways to CLL)

The first video entitled Missed Opportunities for Interprofessional Practice, depicted what should not be done when working with a team. As seen in the video, the healthcare professionals were not enthusiastic and disinterested to take part in the case conference. Each of them seems to be in their own world doing things that makes them lose focus on the activity at hand. It can also be observed that most of them are not ready and unsure of what they are saying about the case. The doctor in the video was not able to read on thoroughly about the case since, she doesn’t have the patient’s chart. These little details that are being neglected and disregarder by the team members will heavily affect the effectivity of their team dynamic in delivering collaborative effort and the best care treatment for the patient.

Contrary to the first video, the second video entitled Interprofessional in Practice highlights what should be done when working with a team. This time the team members shows clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities in the patient’s thus they were able to have a successful case conference. Everyone was able to contribute to case and were able ar the thoughts and opinions of the other team members as well. This will probably lead to great results regarding the formulation and implementation of the treatment plan.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

One instance where the group had differences in opinions was when we were addressing the divisions in the previous PLAs. Our group had different views on how to address the projects.

a.     What was your role?

During the meetings, everyone’s role was to brainstorm and agree on the fair divisions for each member. Anyone is allowed to form their own idea on how to approach the project. My role was to help in deciding the most feasible plan that will help the group work more efficiently.

b.     What actions did you make?

An action I made was to contribute certain ideas and to agree to decisions that are most applicable to our situations.

c.     Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

For situations like this, it is important to be open to different ideas and to communicate as much as possible. It is also appreciated by everyone when someone voices out their opinions because it creates a livelier discussion for the group.

d.     What was the outcome?

With the help of open communication within the group, we were able to decide the most efficient divisions that are suitable to everyone’s schedule and skills.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been a part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed

1. What was your role

2. What actions did you make

3. Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

4. What was the outcome?

This year I have joined the student council and currently we have rounded up a team to handle an esports event.  As with other collaborative teams, differences are unavoidable. Recently we have experienced a conflict in deciding on what would be the best course of action to take given an unforeseen circumstance with one of the teams for one of the games that we had lined up.

1. For this event my role was the head. Together with another student, I am tasked to oversee the planning and execution of this event. Part of this includes ensuring that all the paper works have been signed and approved, management of staff, distribution of tasks, and collaboration with partner organizations.

2. In order to resolve this, we were able to meet and talk about our suggestions on what courses to take. We were able to express what we thought were good points about the suggestions of others, and what we thought were not aligned with what we wanted to achieve. From there we have created a plan that each member was in agreement with. With that, we were also able to consult with the executive board members to get their unbiased opinion on our planned course of action.

3.  I think the sub-competency that would best fit the situation is “place the interest of patients and population at the center of inter professional healthcare delivery”. When creating a solution, our constant line of thought was what would be the best for our players.

4. In the end we were able to resolve the problem and create all necessary adjustments.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after  completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved?  Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

·      The team communicated efficiently by exhausting all platforms that is suitable for everyone such as Zoom and Messenger. In these meetings, agendas, roles, and divisions were properly discussed to orient everyone and so that everyone will be on the same page. It is inevitable to have small misunderstandings and miscommunications under these conditions but it was properly addressed by proper communication and active participation of each member.

·      What? One identifiable problem we encountered was the difference in schedules. This was addressed through communication and dedicating specific time that will be suitable to everyone. This issue was easily solved by the group since everyone was willing to make time beside the busy schedules.

·      So what? From these situations, I learned the importance of communication. It is also important to learn how to compromise since every person deserves to be respected. This realization was based on how I wanted to be treated. As the golden rule implies “Do unto others what you want to be done to you.” This rule has been my basis on a lot of things already and I will continue to learn from its outcomes.

·      Now what? To solve such issues, our group leader created a document where we can input our different scheduled throughout the week. This action helped us create a basis for everyone’s availability which can help us in future scheduling. Besides this action other actions that must be done individually are still essential, such as constant communication and active participation in discussions.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

We should reflect on practice because as humans, we can also make mistakes. With regards to these mistakes, some are minor, while others are major mistakes, yet we still need to learn from both. We should reflect on practice in order for us to grow as a professional. Reflecting on practice allows us to correct ourselves and be the best professional for our patients. By reflecting on practice, we are checking ourselves, which allows us to keep a good perspective on our status as a professional.

2. What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

My favorite model of reflective practice is The Conscious Competence Learning Model. This is because it starts out as unconscious incompetence, which progresses into maturity. As a student, and a student taking online classes, I am already at a disadvantage against my future peers who experienced handling cases face-to-face. I have to come to terms with the fact that right now, I am incompetent as a Physical Therapist. This model can be applied in my practice by understanding the growth mindset. I am incompetent, yes, but I can be better. And the repetition that comes with hard work will eventually bear my practice into maturity. I just need to have the proper time and feedback from within and around me in order to be better.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

In order to provide the best care and service we can towards our clients, we have to be able to engage in a reflective team practice. This could help in providing efficient interventions and avoiding redundancy in performing our roles and responsibilities. This can also help us in correcting our errors and finding the best approach that we can use to achieve our occupational goals.

In a reflective team practice, health professionals must possess skills such as self-awareness or introspection, description, critical analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and action or intervention. In self-awareness or introspection, we must know our limits and strengths so that we can see where we can improve and what strengths we have that we can use to our advantage in practice. In description, we should be able to provide accurate accounts of what happens in our day to day practice and recall or describe all that transpired along with the errors made by the team in order to be able to correct them after further reflection in the future. In critical analysis, we can analyze what went wrong, why things are the way that they are, what went right, and how to best approach the case. In synthesis, we must be able to integrate new knowledge with existing knowledge as we consider all the valid resources that we have to be able to know the cause of errors and fully achieve better results after reflection. In evaluation, we can appropriately judge which approach would be best to implement after experiencing errors. Last but not the least, action or intervention wherein we can implement the best approach for the situation and decide how or when to act and provide intervention. All these skills are necessary for health professionals to have in order to ensure that we can engage in a reflective team practice and provide the best care and service we can towards our clients.

2. What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

My favorite reflective model of practice would be the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001). This model was often explicitly used by one of my previous professors whenever we were probed to think about our topics and provide reflection logs all throughout the past years that I spent in college ever since I was a freshman. We were often asked to use these questions and apply them whenever possible so that we can have a clear answer in every situation that we encounter. I have previously shared this way of thinking to my peers without knowing that it was a model for reference, and have helped them cope in situations that they could not process. I have also used this when I was assigned to facilitate a group intervention in an elderly facility for one class project. I was able to successfully probe these questions to our clients and have a great discussion amongst the group. Even if I am still yet to graduate, I can see how this model would be relevant not just in reflective practice or interprofessional collaboration, but also in managing groups in interventions. As I further improve myself my means of reflecting on these questions and apply the skills mentioned above, I will be able to deal with my future clients hollistically and also have them use this model in order for them to fully process what we do in our sessions.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed

1. What was your role?

2. What actions did you make?

3. Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

4. What was the outcome?

In junior high school, I was the editor-in-chief of the school paper. I would often have discussions with my moderator on how tasks should be delegated. I was a proponent of teaching and distributing knowledge to other editors and writers so that they can be independent and they can make their own decisions. However, due to time constraints and problems with responsibility, we ultimately could not do internal meetings and workshops to improve other writers’ skills.

In terms of specific actions, I would always try to consult with my editors and writers with regards to key points and improvements with their outputs. Although we could not hold workshops, I can still help them in my own way by providing feedback for their output.

In terms of specific sub-competency, there is no specific one applicable to this situation. The outcome, in my opinion, is not as good as if we had our way with organizing writing workshops. I don’t think that I gave as much knowledge that I could to my successors, even if I ultimately helped them in my own way.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

During senior high school, I was part of a committee that organized an annual event for the school to raise funds for scholarships.

1. What was your role?

In that committee, I was under the finance sector. The budget for the event mainly came from sponsors so my role was to find sponsors and contact them. We created the packages for sponsors, and the benefits for each. All members of the committee were required to have a quota of sponsors. Part of my role was also documenting the status of other committee members with their sponsors because it was a first come, first served system. On the day of the event, we were also responsible for managing any concern of the sponsors and their booths. I had a disagreement with another member about a particular sponsor because they had sought them out despite me coming first.

2. What actions did you make?

I asked first if the member had already contacted the sponsor. She said yes, so I decided to let her have the sponsor. I did not want to put my own interests before the committee's. The committee would appear unprofessional to the sponsor if they received another offer. I just reminded the committee member to check the documents before seeking any sponsor out to prevent other issues arising in the future.

3. Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?
I believe the sub competency "Place the interests of patients and populations at the center of interprofessional delivery" is applicable to my experience. Instead of my own goals, I placed the needs and preferences of the committee and sponsors first.

4. What was the outcome?
I was able to meet my quota by contacting other sponsors in the end. I also value that I was able to maintain a positive relationship with my committee member because I gave way. I realize now that knowing when to stand your ground or adjust for others is an important skill in a team.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

There were many times in a specific group that my opinions had a stark difference with what the other members of the team wanted or did. I was not able to grasp what they wanted to do for a specific part of an output, nor was it clear to me as to why they wanted to approach it that way. I wanted to understand as to why they wanted to put what they did in the worksheet despite it not being inherent to the problem we wanted to address. This part of the worksheet was not assigned to me, but as a team member, I had to provide feedback on the overall look of our output and agree on what they have put in there for the entire group. But as I mentioned, It was not clear to me as to why the things that were there were present and I believed them to be irrelevant to what we wanted to achieve in the case. We resolved this by further communication and voting as a group about how to revise this specific part and reach a compromise after giving all of our feedback and reasoning as a group in discussion.

2) What was your role?

My role in this was to give feedback as a group member in order to create a cohesive output for the group despite it being seperated into subgroup or units.

3) What actions did you make?

The actions that I made was to communicate amongst the team about my thoughts and opinions about how best to approach the matter and why I could not grasp what they have put in it since it seemed to be more appropriate for a different problem altogether and was not inherent to the issue that we wanted to ultimately adress as a team. I also listened to their reasoning and we compromised as a group about what we can do to revise the present output and make it better for everyone.

4) Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

There are different sub-competencies applicable to the situation, one of which is to respect the unique values, roles/responsibilities of other health care professions and another is placing the interests of patients and populations at the center of interprofessional delivery. As we all perceive things in different manners, we all have different opinions on how to approach each case that we encounter. But ultimately, we are a client-centered profession and we must out our client and their interests at the very core of what we do. We must listen and respect what the other professiinals think would be best for the client, but also provide feedback and compromise on how to go about the case so that we can do what is best for our client rather than what we simply want to do.

5) What was the outcome?

The outcome for this was that we were able to effectively communicate amongst the team and create an output that the majority can agree on. We were able to compromise and revise our output to the best that we can so that we could present our work and be able to defend what we have put in there with confidence.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after  completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved?  Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

Communication is a necessary skill in order to fully express our thoughts and opinions among our team members. It is needed in efficiently adressing the concerns that we have as a group and being able to realize our roles and responsibilities delegated unto us individually and as a cohesive team. This is used by the team in order to tackle our outputs in a clear and concise manner without wasting any effort and time. With communication, we are able to exhibit teamwork as we utilize each individual in the team to work as a unit and provide an ideal output for the entire group.

Our group started off with talking via chat in order to see which date and time would be best for all of us then proceeded with meeting via zoom. This meeting was necessary so that we can all be clear about what we want to do and be able to set smart goals for the team. In the meeting, we each gave our insights on what topics we want to talk about and how we want to portray them along with how we think we will be able to impact the target audience that we chose. As we did that, we were able to see the resoning in each members' proposed topics and suggestions. With that, we all voted and decided to settle with a specific topic and finalize how we will portray this towards our target audience. We made the roles clear and divided these amongst the members of the team into subgroups, and within these subgroups, we have made subunits to efficiently tackle the tasks we have at hand. I was personally asigned to the script making, particularly the subunit in carge for the overall introduction of our project. After the meeting, everything clicked into place and went well since our tasks were clear cut and we did everything in a very efficient manner. This can further be improved by means of more communication amongst the subunits and subgroups but overall, I believe we were able to function optimally as a team since we were all able to communicate our thoughts and opinions about how best to approach each task at hand.

Using the model by Rolfe et al (2001), we can see what specific topic that we wanted to address and fully incorporate interprofessional communication as an overall theme for this. We were also able to clearly identify the roles and responsibilities present for this specific output. With that, we can now ask the so what for this output which is: given the topic and roles present, so what do we want to do with it? We decided to create an outline and approach this in a strategic manner by means of delegating tasks previously identified amongst the members and creating subgroups and units along the process. Lastly, the question we had in mind was what now? To answer this, we took action and performed our roles and responsibilities as we worked as a team to effectively interconnect our ideas and research to achieve the outcome that we wanted. As we collaborated and applied this model, we were able to effectively and efficiently address the topic and create an output that we all agreed on. Without communication, doing this would not be possible which is why I would want to emphasize the relevance of interprofessional collaboration and communication in order to create an optimal output.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after  completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved?  Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

In every team, communication plays an integral role. In the context of rehabilitation professionals this is important as each of us has a different scope of practice. To be able to give the best quality of care, each treatment plan must be harmonized to the others. During this activity the importance of communication was highlighted during the planning stage. Initially the flow of ideas was noticeably slow. This was because some of us were still hesitant to express our ideas. Eventually when we were able to ease into it, we were able to communicate more effectively. From there we were able to take note of the suggestions, what the members were interested in and what we wanted to avoid. In addition, this skill was also useful when we were discussing what must be the role of each member. It was decided that the group would be divided into 4 groups; scriptwriters, narrators, video editors, and power point presentation creators. Communication not only helps us express ourselves, but it becomes a bridge to resolution when conflicts arise. Through conversing with each other we get to take note of the similarities and difference of ideas and from there create a solution that would best suit the goal of the group.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after
completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved?
Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

Communication and teamwork is important in doing our PLA3. I have observed that in our discussions, we all have different views and opinions on how to do our public awareness campaign and which group to focus on for PLA3.

We met with each group member in a group call. Foremost, we asked each other their opinions on how the video should be done, and which target population should we focus on. There were a lot of discussions and insights shared, but in the end, we decided to  vote on which topic we will pursue. We also delegated roles for each group member such as a script writer, powerpoint editor, video editor, voiceover, and so on. Generally, the meeting went well even if there were occasional pauses to think. However, these were few and far between. Communication and teamwork allowed us to iron out our opinions and come to a consensus on how to do our PLA3. Without communication and teamwork, we would not be able to create a good output for our IPE class. This is because without communication and teamwork, we would not be in sync with each other, and this leads to a non-polished output.

Therefore, in our future IPE PLAs, we should strive to communicate better and work together in order to put out the best possible output for our group. Moreover, this also translates to our future careers as professionals, where communication and teamwork will literally save lives.

Team Dynamics and Behaviors

(Youtube video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey557BaRe14

In this video, “Missed opportunities for interprofessional practice”, it shows a lot of wrongs with regards to how we should communicate with our teammates. Foremost, the members of the team were not focused on the task at hand. This is shown by fidgeting, no eye contact, playing with their hair, being on their phone, among other things. This is an example of bad interprofessional communication. My main takeaways from this video are:

1. We should listen attentively to our fellow professionals and we must make sure that we give them our full attention for the ultimate benefit of our patients

2. We should always be ready during our interprofessional meetings. In the video, the patient’s chart was not ready when asked. This creates a delay in care for the patient, and could serve as a waste of time when we should be taking care of patients.

3. We should not do other things when engaged in meetings. This practice is disrespectful not only to team members but also to our patients.

4. We should speak in a clear, loud voice, and make eye contact with our peers, in order for them to connect with us and be on the same page.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after  completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved?  Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001)

Upon meeting, the group decided to create a case video presentation. There were several suggestions for the target population- namely stroke, parkinson’s disease and ASD. The group decided to focus on stroke because we felt each healthcare profession had unique contributions to the rehabilitation process and the significance of interprofessional communication could really be highlighted. Hence, the group agreed to be divided into script, powerpoint and video editing subgroups. I chose to be part of the script subgroup, specifically under the conclusion. There was a dilemma in the script subgroup wherein the drafted script was too long for the 5-minute time limit as pointed out by those in the powerpoint subgroup. It was resolved by summarizing and the final script was able to be used to create the powerpoint. During this activity, I felt very grateful to have a team that was able to communicate, listen, cooperate and execute. The group was able to generate the concept and plan of action quickly as members gave their suggestions freely. I appreciated that everyone was open to ideas, and that the group leader prompted for everyone’s input. The first block we met was choosing the target population, and it was easily resolved by voting in a poll. I also believe that having talked about the internal deadlines led to our success because we were able to allot a reasonable amount of time for each subgroup. I realize now that communication was evident every step of the way. The group was able to operate smoothly because we were clear on our goals and responsibilities.  If anyone had concerns, they brought it up to the group and we worked on it together. For example, members of the powerpoint subgroup swiftly brought up their concerns so the script subgroup was able to respond as quickly. The activity seemed daunting and heavy at first, but working as a group made it easier and more impressive than I could have done alone. As a group member, I believe I can improve by being more vocal in meetings. In our group meetings, there is sometimes dead air and I believe the cause is that we do not know each other well yet. I think this initial awkwardness can be resolved as we spend more time together, and talk about things outside IPE.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

We should reflect on practice for us to develop our skills in self-directed learning, improve motivation and quality care we provide, and become a better learner (Koshy, 2017). Thus, it aids us in better decision-making skills in new situations. We relate to the past experiences we have gone through as we saw what works and what didn’t, and apply this to the present in order to improve our current practice. We can then anticipate the future as we merge our learnings from both the past and present, which leads to a better version of a healthcare provider.

The skills we need to reflect is first, self-awareness because through this, we can acknowledge and analyze our feelings. We can  also analyze how the situation affected us and in turn, how we affected the situation. Second is description, where we provide an accurate event that actually happened and we reflect any mistakes that had occurred from it. Third is critical analysis. We examine all the elements of that particular situation that led to a happening (e.g. possible communication problems). Fourth is synthesis, where we are able to reflect and integrate a single idea from different sources such as our own experiences, opinions from other people, and different sources of literature. Lastly is evaluation. We evaluate and judge all the factors that are needed for  action and in providing a solution that will make us improve ourselves more and our practice (Lecture on Reflective Practice, 2021).

2. What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

I would personally use the Gibb’s Reflective Cycle since I can explore and learn from my experience and be guided by the 6-step stages the cycle presents. Some elements of the cycle seem similar but each have their own role when reflecting on experience. According to Gibbs 2018, as cited in Futures Skills Awards, you have to reflect from your experiences because if not, the learning potential will be lost, and the generalisations that come from feelings and thoughts allow new situations to be tackled effectively.

I can apply this model in my future practice by identifying my strengths and weaknesses, the areas I need to develop on, and by taking action to enhance my skills in my chosen practice. In the first steps such as description, feelings, and evaluation, I will process my previous experience that I encountered, what I thought and felt. In the last remaining steps, namely, analysis, conclusion, and action plan, I can focus on how to improve when I encounter the same or a new situation and improve the outcome I want to generate.

References:

Futures Skills Awards. (n.d.). Applying the Gibb’s Reflective Model. Retrieved from https://www.mmu.ac.uk/media/mmuacuk/content/documents/careers/Applying-the-Gibbs-Model-2018.pdf

Koshy, K., Limb, C., Gundogan, B., Whitehurst, K., & Jafree, D. J. (2017). Reflective practice in health care and how to reflect effectively. International journal of surgery. Oncology, 2(6), e20. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJ9.0000000000000020

“Reflective Practice” [Lecture]. (2021). Retrieved from https://ust.blackboard.com/

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

1. What was your role?

2. What actions did you make?

3. Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation?

4. What was the outcome?

Conflicts arose when we were running a temporary business, which was a requirement for a subject. My role was to be a salesperson for customers to buy at our booth. It was established that each group in our section shall have different products to showcase and sell to the student body during the fair. There has been a misunderstanding because one group was believed to discreetly sell a similar and only product of ours without consulting with us despite having their own items. However, the group insisted that they weren’t going behind our backs. Along with the other members, we agreed to consult with the other group in order to gain understanding of what transpired and to resolve the conflict.

There is a specific sub-competency applicable to the situation that may be applied to the situation, which is to develop a trusting relationship with team members because there is a need to have an open and honest communication and there should be willingness to listen and clarify understanding. Through this, trust is built among the members and they will be able to function well as a team. The issue was somewhat resolved as both parties came to a consensus. Some of the members of each team; however, as the meeting ended, still were uncomfortable with the situation.

# data[].attributes.body
Why should we reflect on practice? What skills are needed to reflect on practice?

Reflective practice is, in other words, looking back on someone’s work with honesty and the intention to learn. There are several reasons why healthcare professionals need to critically reflect regularly, and its importance to one’s practice is definitive of their skills. One reason is, it’s a form of meditation for professionals. Other than its benefits to health, it also gives them time and space for deep thinking and developing conscious self-awareness. As a result of this self-awareness, the development of one’s skills are constantly challenged and thus always open to change. Because when you’re constantly questioning your plan of action and comparing them to past experiences before you take the first step, you are never stagnant in one position. This way, you’re considering every factor, and weighing results, asking, “What was not working? Why wasn’t it working? What can I do to make it work now?”. Overall, professionals critically reflect on their work for the purpose of change, and to aim for the absolute best they can give their patients. Of all these, the main skills needed are: (1) Observational skills, (2) Honesty to oneself/ self-awareness, (3) Critical thinking for analysis, (4) Synthesis - building an idea out of all the information laid out, (5) Evaluating all the factors before taking action, (6) Problem solving skills - taking action.

What’s your favorite model of reflective practice? How can you apply this model in your future practice?

My personal favorite model is Borton’s Developmental Framework. As I go into work, I’m already expecting a few set-backs/ problems arising in my future practice. And there’s nothing wrong with that, because as we’ve learned so many times before, the breadth of learning comes from a pool of mistakes. I prefer Borton’s Developmental Framework because it allows me to identify the problem first, to see it materialized, before thinking of its consequences. Afterwhich, it does not blatantly ask for a solution, it aims forward, asking “Well, what should you do now?”. Further emphasizing the need to challenge the person to not only fix the presented problem, but to be prospective and consider the changes that have to be made so it would never happen again.

In practice, I can use it for when I’d forgotten to do something/ did something wrong during assessment, therapy or while writing my evaluation papers. I’d first ask myself what the problem is, next I’d ask why it’s a problem and what it means now that it’d happened. Then I’ll provide myself with ways to avoid it from ever happening again. It could be through a form of notes, adding it to my list of procedures, or any method of reminder so it won’t happen again.

# data[].attributes.body
Describe a time when you have been part of a team in which differences of opinions developed about how the work was assigned or completed.

During SHS, I was a part of a group for a multimedia project - creating a short film. We had a disagreement about a very significant turning point for the character we created. I wanted the character to have a happy ending, while another member wanted a twist to the story and end her life altogether.

What was your role?

We were brainstorming ideas about the plot, concept, characters and overall theme of the film. We were part of the production team who conceptualized everything.

What actions did you make?

I made my points and listened to their ideas as well. We decided to exercise democracy in the group and let the members decide which would suit our vision for the film better.

Is there any specific sub-competency applicable to the situation

Relating it to the sub-competencies discussed in our lesson, the given situation may be applicable to "respecting the unique values, roles/responsibilities of other health care professions", or in this case, another person's perspective.

Canale & Swain (1980) published an article that described the 4 sub-competencies of communicative competence. In this situation, 2 of which may be applied - strategic and discourse. Strategic competencies were used to defuse any misunderstanding or disagreement that arose. And discourse was to make sure that all points are cohesive and coherent for the sake of being understood and getting a good point across.

What was the outcome?

The group made their decision after the other person and I proposed both our ideas. There were no personal feelings involved because we knew that the decision had been objective, and equal points were made to really ensure that all the pros and cons of each idea are laid out. And thankfully it was respected by all parties involved.

Reference: Canale, M. & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-47.  https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/I.1.1

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved? Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

PLA3 requires the members of the group to create a material such as a public awareness campaign, in which the group’s target audience is an individual client and/or population with healthcare needs. By doing the material, it promotes communication and collaboration of the team to successfully create and produce it. In the meeting, ideas were generated on how to proceed with the project. Some of us were quiet and hesitated in sharing opinions throughout, but were to agree on a decision when asked. Nevertheless, each member is cooperative in fulfilling their assigned role as either the scriptwriter, audio recorder, powerpoint creator, or  video editor.

I learned that you can further create a professional relationship with other people as you work with them on a project. We can still learn about each other’s work ethics, learn how to approach and select how to effectively communicate with one another. Moreover, we can further learn how to be comfortable with each other and build trust that we need. To improve future outcomes and develop learning, I shall continue to immerse myself in cooperating with future works and fulfill my roles and responsibilities as a member of a team. Through this, I further learn how to interact with future teams, as well as learn more about my work ethics and the areas for development as a member and as a professional.

Team Dynamics and Behaviors (incorporate key takeaways to CLL)

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey557BaRe14

Pay attention to how they communicate with each other and try to answer these questions.

The video presents ineffective communication in an interprofessional team since the members were exhibiting unideal professional behavior. Even as they participated in the meeting to discuss cases, their observable behaviors gave the impression that they were only forced to be there as they seemed uninterested. This includes slouching, picking one’s nails, propping one’s head, scribbling, using a phone, and playing with one’s hair. Gossiping, as well as the tone and choice of some words while speaking are also frowned upon. These give an impression that they are bored or uninterested with the collaboration, which can produce miscommunication and errors.

Key takeaways:

Good manners and etiquette is essential for a professional in any collaboration among members.

Nonverbal communication, such as body movements (gestures, posture, facial expression) can give an impression to others.

Be mindful of your actions and behavior as it affects your professional image.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

Physical therapists have various roles and responsibilities that they could take in  depending on the type of setting. Physical therapists are  healthcare professionals, thus they are expected to provide quality service in field of rehabilitation, specifically helping patients or clients achieve their most optimal way of life and functioning. This is through the means of improving their physical health and wellbeing by providing them the right assessment, treatments, and interventions that are most fitting for them individually. However, their job as physical therapists are not just limited in the field healthcare, but  PTs can also provide their expertise in different professional settings such as  research, academe, the community and many more.  During the talk, I have learned that despite the many roles that physical therapists have, physical therapists are team players which is why they can  work with a group of professionals easily. Aside from that, PTs are holistic workers  which enables them to share their knowledge and skill with other people in hiher team. Just like the speaker, who did not just take on the role of a clinical professional but also in the administrative field as well.

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

Role clarity is an important factor that needs to be considered among the members of an IPE team. Each member should have a clear understanding of the roles that they have to play within the group to ensure that tasks are equally distributed among the members. Delegation of tasks can be done once each person understands the responsibilities assigned. This will ensure that their is a fair and equal distribution of tasks based on their expertise, which will enhance their skills and ensure that team will collaboratively and collectively achieve the goals of the IPE team.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

As sports practitioners, we have a lot of roles and responsibilities that we need to keep in mind and in our heart as we handle our patients and clients. When we were in our first year in college, our professors simplified our role once we graduated. In sports science, it is our aim to bring out the maximum potential of an athlete in order for them to execute an optimal performance using a science based approach. However, we are not just limited to bringing out this prospect as in the sports community, we can work in different sectors. As sports scientists graduates, we can head into different fields and professions such as benign a Head Coach/ Coach, Strength and Conditioning Coach, Fitness Trainer, Heads or Members of Sports Organizations such as the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC), Sports Psychologist, Sports Nutritionist, and a lot more.

There are sports scientists who pursue the world of sports coaching after they graduate. In this profession, the roles and responsibilities of coaches include aligning our knowledge and training plans with what the clients need and want to achieve. Working in the coaching industry is a collaborative effort between the clients and the coach as it is vital that we are centered on the clients. As coaches, we want to help them in certain aspects of their life including their health, well-being, and wellness, be it of the athletes, the general population, and people with special conditions. It is important to note that what we present to our clients should have a basis and scientific evidence as not considering this will be considered as an act of negligence and may put our client’s life at risk.

While it is also common for some to pursue being a strength and conditioning (S&C) coach which works hand-in-hand with the coaches especially in professional leagues. It is in their responsibility to  create personalized training programs for their clients through the use of exercise prescription so that they will be able to improve their clients’ athletic or sports performance. This is a complex process that one can’t just do because he wants to as S&C coaches have spent years studying the science behind sports. Prescribing the wrong exercise to a client will most likely result in an injury that could possibly ruin one’s career. That’s why it’s their responsibility to make sure that they have carefully assessed and identified their clients needs in terms of the fundamental skills before creating a plan for them.

Other roles and responsibilities of different professions in the field includes assuring that we have set goals together with our clients before we do anything else. It is important that we know what they want to achieve and for them to know that we are here to help them the best way we could. It is also part of their responsibility to always give feedback when it is necessary given that this is a collaborative effort. Our clients should also be able to voice out their concerns and feedback regarding the service that they have received from us. Lastly, it is important that we always cling to science as opposing it will benefit no one.

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

Role clarity is defined as the degree to which the professionals have an understanding and knowledge of their roles and responsibilities. This also includes being aware of the other members’ roles and responsibilities and understanding where you should meet. Role clarity will help in solving the confusion that surrounds a team regarding their tasks. This will then result in a more efficient and productive environment as everyone is on track and is conscious of what they should be doing. With this, you will be able to work collaboratively with the members of the team and will be able to focus on the task, in this case, focus on the needs of our clients and patients. In addition, knowing the precise role of each member of the team will aid in formulating a goal that we will focus on achieving.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

According to Ms. Leyba, the SLP presenter at our lecture, an SLP’s professional roles and responsibilities are to assess, diagnose and treat speech, language, social communication, cognitive communication, and swallowing disorders. We also provide counseling, training and education to families and caregivers. As therapists and healthcare providers, whether professionally or non-professionally, our duty is to provide the best to our patients with little to no exception.

Part of these roles and responsibilities are the 4 key functions of the whole IEP team in service delivery: (1) We share information to the team. This is when we disseminate the patient’s background information to the rest of the team, ensuring that everyone is well-informed; (2) We create an assessment plan. Everyone in the IEP team creates an assessment plan for the child based solely on the background information given; (3) We develop a plan. Establishing, not only a plan for therapy, but for future dialogue with other specialists regarding the child’s progress; and lastly, (4) Planning seminars. This is the dialogue between the clinician and the patients’ families.

All key functions are necessary in the interplay between all disciplines at work because everyone is expected to contribute to each function. As an SLP, all the above-mentioned are our roles and responsibilities.

2.  What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

All the facilitators’ presentations spoke of each IEP team members’ roles and responsibilities. And all of them emphasized on how important each of their roles are – like pieces to a puzzle. Each discipline upholds unique responsibilities that play equally important roles in patient-centered care. Therefore, making each specialty’s roles clear and unequivocal makes the work of the IEP team more efficient, thus effective.

One way to further explain this value is through comparing the IEP team to a fine dining kitchen brigade, without the hierarchical set-up. The Saucier focuses on the sauce, Rotiseur on the chicken, Poissonier on the fish, and so on. Each chef, with their respective specialty, plays equally important roles in creating a platter/ a dish. Role clarity is the very soul of what makes an IEP team special. It’s the fact that 4-5 professionals, each offering masterful craft, are focused on a single patient. I can’t imagine a more formidable set-up. And with the way our good sponsors spoke of each other’s roles and responsibilities in their presentations, neither can they.

# data[].attributes.body
What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

The roles and responsibilities of Speech Language Pathologists include assessing, diagnosing, and treating speech, language, social communication, cognitive communication, and swallowing disorders. We also provide counseling, training and education to families and caregivers, in order to guide and fully inform the patient’s circle. This is important in order for us to really ensure that the therapy we provide is followed up not only during therapy, but also anywhere our patients may be. Ultimately as therapists who strive for holistic intervention, we should also take part in working collaboratively with other professionals in other disciplines and as mentioned, their families/caregivers. That said, Ms. Leyba mentioned some disciplines whom we can work with such as the occupational therapist, physical therapist, special education teachers, medical doctors, psychologists, teachers, family members, and caregivers.

What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

Role clarity is a must among members of the team because it will enlighten us on how we can more effectively help our patients, their families, and even our colleagues. According to Ms. Leyba, the key functions of the team in service delivery are: Share Information; Create an Assessment Plan; Develop a Plan; and Seminars. Share Information includes ensuring that each member is fully knowledgeable about the case of the patient. Create an Assessment Plan includes assessing the child per discipline and determining progress across areas of development. Develop a Plan refers not only to the professionals working together, but it also refers to planning meetings for the future in order to assess the progress and relay it to the family. Lastly, seminars are also part of the key because it is about planning seminars for parents and families together. This is necessary because they are the ones who will be able to follow through with the help we give to the patient. All the above mentioned key functions mirror the value of role clarity in such a way that it highlights our differences, yet it strives to work our differences in order to provide a multi-faceted approach in our goal of providing high quality care to our patients. Without role clarity, we will just be wasting our time hearing about the patient. We will just be able to know their condition, but we won’t be able to work out a plan on how we can help them. She ended her presentation with leaving us with the thought that we should acknowledge that we do not know everything. Despite that, we should not be disheartened. Knowledge is vast and ever-changing therefore our team can help us learn from each other through collaboration.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

In the webinar entitled IPE Roles and Responsibilities, one of the things that Ms. Leyba highlighted regarding the roles and responsibilities of a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) is a classic definition which states that an SLP is tasked to assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, and swallowing disorders. Moreover, an SLP provides counseling, training, and education to the caregiver and family members of the patient. In fact, Ms. Leyba talked about collaborating with other advocates to produce seminars for parents on a monthly basis.

Other than these, Ms. Leyba highlighted the roles and responsibilities of an SLP in the context of IPE. Specifically, she mentioned that an SLP is expected to work collaboratively with other professionals in other disciplines including occupational therapists, physical therapists, medical doctors, psychologists, and family members. A concrete application of this is the Individualized Education Program (IEP) Planning which Ms. Leyba also talked about. IEP Planning involves the different professionals that work closely with the patient so as to ensure his/ her holistic development even outside the classroom. Another speaker, Ms. Cenidoza, also said that in community-based rehabilitation (CBR), professionals like PTs, OTs, and SLPs work together to assess and deliver services to the patients so as to dissolve boundaries and even promote the patient’s holistic development. More so, these professionals even work with CBR workers in the said setting.

Overall, my takeaway from the speakers is that just like the other members of the IPE team, SLPs are expected to share their expertise, learn about and from other professionals, and finally work with these professionals in service delivery.

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

The value of role clarity among the members can be found both at the individual level and the team level. First, role clarity allows each member to know exactly what is expected of them by the team. Moreover, it allows the members to know the roles and responsibilities of everyone else in the team. This guides everyone to take on those responsibilities and even set boundaries. In the context of the personal tips that Ms. Leyba shared, role clarity allows us to know when it is best to speak up and listen.

Ultimately, role clarity benefits the team as a whole in such a way that the goals set by the team are easily achieved. It also ensures that the service delivery is efficient and effective. Such is seen when the patient gets the maximum quality of care in all the areas needed to be addressed. Overall, role clarity fosters interdependence, trust, respect, and communication among members of the team.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflect on the importance of communication and teamwork in your own IPE group after  completing PLA3. How did the team communicate? What went well and how can it be improved?  Use the What? So what? Now what? reflection model by Rolfe et al (2001).

During the planning of our PLA3 meeting, the team communicated all their ideas well and there was a healthy sharing of personal opinions on the ideas laid out on the table. There were a few members who kept quiet throughout the call, but would motion to agree to a decision nonetheless, so they were still participating either way. What I found to be lacking may have been the mode of responses our leader was getting. She was getting zoom chat box responses and mostly emoticons. I personally am uncomfortable in a zoom call where everyone only talks on the chat box. Especially in the beginning of the zoom call, when there was always a deathly length of silence immediately after our leader spoke. I could tell she was getting increasingly uncomfortable. Because of this, I made sure to keep opening my mic in hopes that it would encourage other people to do so as well. My thoughts at the moment were split between thinking that this probably isn’t the right way a team should communicate. But at the same time, I was thinking that if this were face-to-face, we’d be huddling as a team, responding appropriately right away. Because alas, it’s not our fault. I could never force anyone to turn on their mics, because everyone’s entitled to their privacy. Not everyone has the perfect location for conducive learning, and we just have to understand that our situation (remote learning) was handed to us. Therefore there will be set limitations to our expectations. In the end, what I did was just to fill the dead air with responses so whenever our leader asks something, even just a yes/no question, I always make it a point to open my mic and respond to her - just to avoid the silences. After a while, I noticed some more team members were opening their mics as well, and that was when our meeting really picked up. Our meeting ended with a clear plan of action for the PLA3, and I commend our team for being so supportive, open, and kind to each other in every meeting we have.

Team Dynamics and Behaviors (incorporate key takeaways to CLL)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey557BaRe14

Pay attention to how they communicate with each other and answer these questions

With regards to the videos provided, in the one entitled “Missed opportunities…”, team members did not seem to care for what anyone was saying. Most of them were minding their own business, and eye contact between anyone was extremely scarce. Based on what we’ve been taught on team dynamics and behaviors, those presented in the video were not ideal in the slightest. Some were on their phones, playing with their fingernails, fixing their hair, etc. Little to no action was done to support what the other person had to say. The video was successful in depicting a terrible team. My key takeaways are: (1) Listen so other people will listen to you too - or simply, the golden rule; (2) Be attentive to the people around you; (3) Review the case before joining the meeting - it looks and sounds unprofessional when you’re just reading off your case profile notes and not communicating it spontaneously.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

As a client-centered profession, an occupational therapist works with the client and their families while also collaborating with other healthcare professionals to create a plan of action that lets the client achieve their goals. Occupational therapists are to assess and evaluate the client’s everyday activities to help them effectively perform their meaningful occupations and attain maximum occupational performance. When setting goals with the client, we have to take into consideration of the person-environment and occupation since we advocate for a holistic approach. With this, we are able to better understand how the person actively engages in the task in its natural environment that will be taken into consideration for the interventions. When providing interventions, it is also important that we continue to help educate, encourage, and empower the client and their families to help them reach their goals and for the client to attain optimal occupational performance.

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

To foster effective interprofessional collaboration, role clarity is vital to help ensure that each member understands their role and knows what is expected of one another. It is essential that early on we identify and clarify the roles and responsibilities of each member in their respective professions and manage the challenges that may impact each other’s roles. Working toward a common goal, clear goals are needed for clear expectations for each member’s function, responsibilities, and accountabilities, taking advantage of the division of labor. We have to keep in mind that what we do individually impacts how the team performs as the team is as strong as its weakest link. If role blurring occurs within the team, then it can set up the whole team for failure. Otherwise, role blurring may occur and begin to cause conflict within the team as performance and accountability wouldn’t be measured in an objective and fair manner that may lead to a loss of team spirit.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

Based from what I learned from the webinar, the role of the occupational therapist as a healthcare professional in all workplaces can be summarized through the acronym C-A-R-E-S.

An occupational therapist must be able to communicate and collaborate effectively as they often work with others. Communication and collaboration is evident when working with clients, family and caregivers, and other healthcare professionals.

They must also be able assess the person, environment and occupation contexts of their client. We view the client as an interaction of their contexts and work on maximizing the fit to facilitate engagement in their everyday occupations.

Occupational therapists work to reach the goals of their clients. Often, intervention methods include preparatory exercises and therapeutic use of occupations. Occupational therapists may also opt for a top-down approach where they alter the environment and occupation contexts rather than the person factors to increase participation in their daily occupations.

Another role of the occupational therapist is to educate, encourage and empower their clients. Occupational therapists give home recommendations to clients and family members so that interventions and strategies continue to be implemented even after the session. They also find ways to motivate their clients and empower them to live functional lives with their disabilities.

Lastly, an occupational therapist's role goes beyond the realm of clinics and hospitals. They support their clients every step of the way, being a guide throughout their encounter with disability and an advocate for their rights.

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

Role clarity helps improve output, efficiency and accountability. When each member is able to properly represent the input of their respective professions, interventions can be more contextual and holistic. Members can give and receive feedback to devise the best approach considering all the perspectives given. Output is improved because members are able to utilize their strengths and knowledge regarding certain aspects of the client. Efficiency is also improved because members are able to work on different things at the same time. It is more efficient to utilize their strengths in tackling many cases rather than compensating for weaknesses when looking at a client's case alone. In a team, the exchange of ideas from different members helps accomplish things faster. Lastly, accountability is improved because members know what is expected of them and how to achieve these roles. Clients would also have a better understanding of each profession if roles are distinguished.

# data[].attributes.body
1) What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

✓One of the major responsibilities that we have in our field is knowing how to engage in interprofessional collaboration. As we look for the most efficient ways to approach our client's case, we must be able to communicate amongst our team as to what we have in mind for them. Another one is to assess in which areas we can provide our help and services in. There are so many client factors that can be addressed in each individual and we all have a role in it. We have to figure out what our priorities would be and which aspects we would tackle first along with how best to approach them. The next would be thinking about how we can reach or achieve our clients' occupational goals in mind. We have to be S.M.A.R.T. in creating these goals and working alongside our clients in getting there. Another one of our roles would be to thoroughly educate them and their families as to what they can do in order to make their lives better. After assessing and figuring out which areas we can help in, we now have the role of enlightening them as to how they can perform their occupations more efficiently. Lastly, we can offer them our full support all throughout this process as we give them the best services that we can and make their lives more functional and engaging. We are a client-centered profession which means that we do everything in work wih their best interests in mind and support their occupational performance.

2) What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

✓As I mentioned before, while looking for the most efficient ways to approach our client's case, we must be able to communicate amongst our team as to what we have in mind for them. There are so many client factors that can be addressed in each individual and we all have a role in it. We have to figure out what our priorities would be and which aspects we would tackle first along with how best to approach them. We must also apply the most efficient ways to handle our clients and doing what we think is best without consulting the team can result in redundancy and inefficiency in our interventions. This could cost our clients so much more time, money, and effort than he or she is supposed to as there are also interventions as to which we can address our goals at the same time in a single activity. Clarifying our roles would greatly help in supporting a more efficient approach in our interventions as a team and would also turn into a more harmonized team dynamic approach which would help in addressing our clients hollistically.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are the professional and/or nonprofessional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

There are roles played in Physical therapy, both professional and nonprofessional. Based on what I learned in the webinar and in addition to what I know, the following are the roles of physical therapists:

(1)The professional role of a physical therapist is to provide an assessment, diagnosis, and treatment that will improve the ability of the patient or client to move and restore their function. (2)Physical therapists are collaborators. PTs collaborate with other professionals to efficiently perform each of our roles. (3) Physical therapists dissolve boundaries. Physical therapists break boundaries with each discipline in order to give the highest standard of healthcare to the patient and help the patient attain maximal improvement. (4) The physical therapists also are holistic workers. The physical therapists share their knowledge and skills with each other and with other disciplines, and are willing to learn from each other and from other disciplines. They also help the patient understand how each intervention helps them. Additionally, physical therapists help patients understand how to perform the home exercise programs that they will teach them. (5) Physical therapists are team players. They display good communication with other disciplines and assign properly tasks for each so that they are aware of what they should be doing and how to do it. (6) Physical therapists are strength developers. They strengthen the patient or client’s body to be able to perform tasks better, and they strengthen the patients’ minds to believe in themselves and in what they are capable of doing and what they can achieve.

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

Role clarity means knowing and understanding your tasks and responsibilities at work. Aside from this, role clarity also involves clearly knowing the roles of other members of the team or organization. This makes it so that you can set clearly how you will be able to help the patient and how you will be able to form your interventions in a way that connects with the roles of other members of the healthcare team. Aside from this, knowing your role means that you would know what you could practice and get better at for the betterment of your patient or client. Lastly, it gives you knowledge on which discipline you can refer the patient to if you know that these disciplines or professions would also be able to help the patient.

# data[].attributes.body
What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

In the field of Physical Therapy, there are multiple professional and non-professional roles that PTs can fill in whichever institution they enter into. Aside from the practice of PT, we can also be researchers in our field to improve quality and service delivery. Also, we can be teachers and professors to the next generation of PTs. Aside from these roles, in the webinar, our speaker presented her roles as being a PT in community-based rehab. She expounded on her different roles in the community:

Manage a team – being short on manpower, and serving a lot of people in the community, a Pt should be able to manage a team well. He/She must be able to work efficiently to resolve scheduling issues and conflicts that may arise in a team.

Train extended hands – Again, due to manpower issues, a PT can also be a teacher to non-PTs who can perform or supervise certain tasks without the help of the PT. Of course, this does not mean that a non-PT can do everything that a PT does, but what is being said here is that a PT can train people in order to have a more efficient and safer workflow, especially on days where there are a lot of patients.

Manage operations - A PT can fill the role of a manager in making sure that operations run smoothly every single day. Moreover, being a good manager entails efficiency in the work done.

Collaborative – A PT should also be collaborative in our management of patients. It takes a community to build a community, therefore, PTs can work with SLPs and OTs and Sports Scientists to deliver quality care for our patients.

Task delegation – A PT can also be an effective task delegator especially in more hectic situations such as a community-based rehab. Effective task delegation goes a long way in making sure operations are efficient and run smoothly as possible.

Communicator - Being an effective communicator allows the PT to be clear and precise in instructing patients and therapists on how to manage conditions. This may lead to less errors and a better overall experience for the team and the patient.

What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

The value of role clarity among members of the team is that the members could be held accountable if they happen to be negligent in their roles. Moreover, If there is role clarity among members, they can focus on their respective duties and responsibilities, and will lead to overall better output for patients. Some of our functions as therapists overlap, so, if we have role clarity, we can really focus on roles that are given to us. Moreover, if there is role clarity, there would be efficiency in delivery of service.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

As physical therapists we work in various settings, whether these are private clinics , hospitals, or within the community. We help patients restore and improve their physical function, help alleviate pain, and prevent disabilities by planning and administering prescribed PT interventions. That being said, this does not limit the roles of a PT to the aforementioned. Physical therapists aside from practicing their profession may also work as:

1. Academic professionals

2. Entrepreneurs/ Business owners

3. Managers

4. Law Makers

5. Community developers

6. Researchers

In the context of Ms. Cenidoza’s talk I have learned that the role of physical therapists is not limited to one. You can work clinically, all the while being in the administrative field. The transdisciplinary approach was clearly discussed and here I have learned the importance of holistic practice. As PTs it is important to be able to work collaboratively for the benefit of the patients. It is also integral to be able to accept new knowledge and practices from other professions as this helps broaden our perspective.

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

Clarity among team members ensures that the goal and limitations of the group are met. This guarantees that all team members contribute fully in terms of their professional capabilities. Here designation of tasks and responsibilities may be properly delegated, without the risk of overlap. Without clarity within the members, it is likely that the team may waste time and resources in trying to do each other’s job. This in effect affects the patients and clients as well as this does not ensure optimal service. In addition, clearly defining the role of each one determines what is expected of them. In that case, each member will be able to work in higher levels of effectiveness.

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

○  As physical therapists, we aim to help the patient reach their optimal functional state by means of a plan tailored to the patient’s goal. It is our responsibility to advocate for the patient’s health and wellness by providing home exercise programs, correcting habits, and encouraging movement. Our professional role entails us to help the patient or client achieve their goals, may it be doing activities of daily living with ease or aiming for a higher fitness level. With the help of the team, it is our role to create a treatment plan that is centered to the patient. Being part of the team would also mean that we would have to be respectful and helpful since this will ensure an easier process of working together. Being respectful of other’s opinions is essential since each opinion is needed to be addressed to maintain a good working environment. Focusing more on how to help by strategizing ways on how you can provide is one way to make interprofessional collaboration easier and more effective

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

○      It is important to have distinct roles in the team as to avoid overlapping in tasks while also harboring respect for each member. The interprofessional collaboration among various professionals may be prone to miscommunication due to the various opinions regarding the patient and multiple perspectives in different disciplinaries. Having a clear concept of each member’s roles will encourage individuality since they would have to contribute something to the betterment of the patient. Role clarity harbors respect in a way that makes the member aware of the roles of others which in turn will avoid any repetitive ideas or misunderstandings. In order to give the patient or client the best care possible, the team must be able to distinguish the roles of each members.

# data[].attributes.body
Click here to open the doc with all of the group's answers

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are professional and/or non-professional roles and responsibilities in your chosen field?

According to Mr. Young during the webinar, the roles and responsibilities of an occupational therapist can be summarized with the acronym CARES.

Communicate & Collaborate

We need to keep an open communication with the other members of the team in order to achieve the best possible care for the client. We also include the client and their family members in the collaborative care.

Assess: Person-Environment-Occupation

In occupational therapy, the goal is the client’s occupational performance, and this is shaped by the interaction between the person, environment, and occupation. Thus, OTs analyze these 3 factors to improve performance.

Reach: Goals of the patient

As OTs, we help our client reach their desired goals. We are able to do so through holistic care and providing appropriate plans and interventions.

Educate-Encourage-Empower

We must educate the patient and family members regarding the available treatment options they can avail as well as self-care options according to their context. We encourage and empower them in fulfilling their goals by being with them in the process.

Support the Patient every step of the way

This is the summary of our roles and responsibilities as an OT. Our client is in the center of our profession, and they are the ones we advocate for.

2. What is the value of role clarity among members of the team?

There would be role blurring if there is no role clarity among the team. This will result to ineffective team service delivery; therefore, there must be an understanding of the function and role of the team members. Each member has their own roles and responsibilities as they come from different disciplines. They work collaboratively and have a common goal, which is to provide the best care for the client through brainstorming, decision-making, and coming up with a strategies that will really help the client.

# data[].attributes.body
Self-Introductory Videos of the group
(comment your vids here) 😌