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Picture, 3+ sentences description, image, nonviolent or violent?

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The ANC stands for the African National Congress, the youth league was formed for the ANC to adopt a more mass-based approach. The ANCs first president was Nelson Mandela and along with his other youth leaguers they called for a militant programme of action that included protests, boycotts and passive resistance. They played a prominent role and movement dedicated to mass protests and actions. They were non violent and passive.

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Multiple groups within the liberation movement came together to form the Congress Alliance. (ANC, SAIC, SACD, CACTU) Volunteers traveled throughout South Africa to collect the demands of the ordinary people. These demands were then listed in the Freedom Charter which was presented to the Congress of the people in Kliptown in 1955. This mobilized people over a long period and helped revived the ANC for the next 40 years. This was non violent.

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The African National Congress launched this campaign in 1952. A civil disobedience program was planned. Large groups of africans would peacefully but deliberately break the law. They wanted to try and get arrested and flood the prisons with hope if it drawing attention to te apartheid laws and force government to abolish them . Many groups were filled with volunteers to walk through white areas, broke the curfew, and refused to carry their passes. This had a big impact on people and the number of follows went from 7,000 to 100,000. The state increased fines and dished out jail sentences which eventually made the campaign come to an end. This campaign was non violent.

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The government tried to extend its control over African women who were moving to cities to restrict their freedom when they arrived. To achieve this, they planned to extend the pass system to include women. Of course the women resisted the attempt and eventually became a national movement. On August 9th, 1956, 20,000 women marched to the Union Buildings in Pretoria and gave letters of protest against the new pass laws. They failed to acheive what they wanted and the laws were extended to women in the late 1950’s. National Womans day is August 9th to honor the courage and strength of women in South Africa. This was a non violent event.

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The Pan Africanist Congress organized a protest against the pass laws. They used non-violent strategies and marched too the local police station and gave themselves up for arrest. The police fired on the crown and killed 69 people and injuring 180~. This act was originally suppose to be non-violent but turned when the police started shooting.

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200~attacks of sabotage in South Africa took place, mainly by the ANC. In 1963 the headquarters of MK (Umkhonto we Sizw was raided and the entire leadership was arrested. They all were charged  with recruiting for guerrilla warfare for a violent revolution. Eight of the people arrested were charged with life in prison. This was a violent event.

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Black Consciousness and Steven Biko - 1969

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Black Consciousness and Steven Biko - 1969

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Started in 1969 in South Africa by a university student named Steve Biko. This was made after Steven believed a white led organization (NUSAS- National Union of South African Students) could not fight for black students. The main purpose of Black Consciousness was to have pride in being black and a determination that black people should end their dependence on white people. As Steve became more popular he was banned and detained without trials in 1973, he died in 1977 when he was arrested again and left naked and in chains at only the age of 30.  Many organizations were in support of BC and it took the minds among the youth. They were a non violent group.

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20,000 students marched through Soweto in protest against the use of Afrikaans in school. The police fired through the crowd and many children died with the first being a 13 year old named Hector Pieterson. The students were violent back and unrest through the country was caused. It was the biggest challenge to the government and the apartheid system and after this was shut down the government could not ignore resistance. This was a major turning point and marked the beginning of the end of apartheid. This was a violent event.