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HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARTSIN THE XVIII CENTURY.

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HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARTSIN THE XVIII CENTURY.

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“Art is the lie that enables us to understand the truth.”
Pablo Picasso

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RIGHT TO FREEDOM: THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE FRENCH COLONIES IN 1848 (1849). FRANÇOIS AUGUSTE BIARD

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RIGHT TO FREEDOM: THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE FRENCH COLONIES IN 1848 (1849). FRANÇOIS AUGUSTE BIARD

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The abolition of slavery in different countries was not only the result of ethical reasons, but also practical. In many colonies the free population was minority, the majority being black slave population.
This imbalance, coupled with the penetration of emancipatory ideas, caused high social instability, so that the risks of slave revolts were very high.
In the picture of François Auguste Biard can appreciate the view of the colonizers to abolish slavery, "giving away" free black slaves some deeply grateful to their hitherto masters (France abolished slavery in 1794, but Napoleon restored it).

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Francisco de Goya THE DISASTERS OF THE WAR(1810-1815)(RIGHT TO LIVE)

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Francisco de Goya THE DISASTERS OF THE WAR(1810-1815)(RIGHT TO LIVE)

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The prints from the series "Disasters of War", all related to torture and the death penalty, are the first part of the series (recorded 1-47), thematic centered in the war.
The second part (recorded 48-64) focuses on hunger as a result of the sites of Zaragoza of 1808 or the famine in Madrid between 1811 and 1812.
The third part (recorded 65-82) refer to the absolutist period after the return of Fernando VII; in this last section abounds the sociopolitical criticism and the use of allegory by animals.

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“Freedom guiding people” is the name of the most famous picture of the French Revolution
The painting depicts a scene of the July 28, 1830 in which the people of Paris rose barricades. King Charles X of France had suppressed the parliament by decree and intended to restrict press freedom. The initial disturbances became an uprising that led to a revolution followed by angry citizens of all social classes.
There was no leader. So Delacroix represents Liberty as a guide leading to the village. Nor it is represented in an abstract way, but it is a very sensual and royal allegorical figure.

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THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: “THE ARMS OF THE REVOLUTIONARIES”

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THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: “THE ARMS OF THE REVOLUTIONARIES”

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The “Terror” was a period after the French Revolution. During this period, the right to freedom of expression was forbidden : if you were resented with the way of governing, they could kill you, if you were in favor of the monarchy, you were executed, the different ideas to the revolutionary thought of Robespierre were banned completely….
This period starts in the September of 1793 and it ends at the spring of 1794.
''Terror is nothing but rapid, severe, inflexible justice.''

Maximilien Robespierre

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AlLL WOMEN HAVE THE RIGHT OF A LIFE WITHOUT VIOLENCE AND DISCRIMINATION

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AlLL WOMEN HAVE THE RIGHT OF A LIFE WITHOUT VIOLENCE AND DISCRIMINATION

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This devaluation is deeply rooted in beliefs about the body and sexuality of women that result in "homework" they must meet "naturally" in the family and in society.
In some countries women, unlike men, they can not dress as they like, and can not drive a car or work at night, or inherit property or testify in court. The vast majority of laws that are explicitly discriminatory and in force relate to family life, and some limit the right of women to marry (or the right not to marry in cases of early forced marriages) and the right to divorce and remarry, which fosters discriminatory marital practices such as wife obedience and polygamy. The laws stipulate explicitly the "wife obedience" still govern marital relations in many States.

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Women's liberation is a movement that through many voices and cry enough that it became increasingly hard for a group of women. Especially in developed and due to political, economic and social changes sucitaron countries; historians emerged as the "Second Industrial Revolution" started in the 1870s , resulting in a clear acceleration of the feminist movement in the last third of the nineteenth century.

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When women are discriminated occurs the violation of the second article. This happens when it's believed that women are inferior to male sex, in most countries of the world.

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Roy Meadow, in the ABC of Child Abuse, defines child abuse as ''treatment which is unacceptable in a given culture at a given time''. Clearly, what might have been acceptable in Victorian England was not acceptable to Dickens, who expresses his dissaproval of much that he described. In terms of standars in Britain in the year 2001, many of the childcare practices described in Oliver Twist constitute child abuse.

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Oliver Twist, as everybody knows, is Dickens' novel about an orphaned boy who starts life in a workhouse and after trials on the streets of London in Fagin's “gang”, is eventually adopted by a middle class gentleman who has liberal and gentle ideas of parenthood.

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The commercial sexual exploitation of children is a heinous form of child abuse which takes many forms, including child prostitution, child pornography and trafficking in children. International attention was focussed on the issue at the World Congress on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Stockholm in 1996, at a follow-up conference in Yokohoma, Japan, in 2001, and at the Third Congress in Brazil in 2008. Governments and NGOs assessed progress achieved, exchanged information on lessons learned and addressed ongoing challenges.

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There are few images more heart-rending than that of a child who is forced to work or is denied the opportunity to go to school. Yet, despite increasing global recognition of the rights of the child, there are currently approximately 168 million children between the ages 5 and 17 who are engaged in child labour, many in circumstances which jeopardise their safety, security and dignity.

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More than 300,000 child soldiers are currently exploited in situations of armed conflict. 6 million children have been severely injured or permanently disabled. An estimated 20 million children are living as refugees in neighbouring countries or are internally displaced within their own national borders as a result of conflict and human rights violations.

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Millions of children around the world are exploited, abused, and discriminated against. They need special protection to promote their physical, mental, spiritual, moral, and social development. These children include child labourers, children affected by armed conflict, sexually exploited children, children in conflict with the law or in the care of the state, as well as children living on the streets, coping with disabilities, or suffering from discrimination because of their religious or ethnic-minority status.

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Durante su estancia en Zaragoza publicó la primera parte de sus Novelas amorosas y ejemplares, un grupo de diez novelas cortesanas que analiza los estratos sociales superiores de su época y en la que se percibe influencia de Miguel de Cervantes. Al contrario que otros novelistas contemporáneos suyos, no pretende exhibir un ingenio cortesano complicando el estilo ni hacerse pasar por moralista sermoneadora, sino que le interesan la amenidad narrativa, la psicología de los personajes y los ambientes en que se mueven. Además, en sus denuncias de injusticias indignantes reflejan independencia y recio orgullo femenino, sin mostrarse pacata en las escenas escabrosas. La segunda serie está compuesta por Novelas y saraos, Parte segunda del Sarao y entretenimientos honestos, reeditados como Desengaños amorosos. Este segundo grupo de novelas intensifica los argumentos truculentos y escabrosos. Compuso además la comedia La traición en la amistad. Se conservan además algunas poesías suyas en diversas antologías aunque de altura inferior a su prosa.

Invariablemente, hay mujeres que acaban mal por la liberalidad con que se entregan; pero no son todas. Es también notable lo poco que miran al decoro personal o familiar cuando siguen sus impulsos, que es casi siempre. Al hilo de diálogos sobre los distintos narradores en torno a la discreta Lisis, María de Zayas critica con la misma libertad que muestran sus personajes las idea de la época acerca de la honra y la virtud, que, en su opinión, tanto perjudicaban a las mujeres.

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Fue una célebre escritora española del siglo de oro cuya obra se siguió publicando durante el siglo XVIII. Sin embargo, su vida, como la de tantas otras escritoras contemporáneas suyas, no se consideró relevante para ser publicada. Se sabe que fue bautizada en Madrid, el 12 de septiembre de 1590 y que su madre fue María Barrasa y su padre Don Fernando de Zayas y Sotomayor. Pero no hay certeza respecto al lugar y fecha de fallecimiento pues, aunque existen dos partidas de defunción a nombre de María de Zayas, una del 19 de enero de 1661 y la otra de 26 de noviembre de 1669, ninguna corresponde a la novelista. De su vida sólo se sabe que es verdad que era hija de un capitán de infantería y que vivió un tiempo en Zaragoza.

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AUTORA NO CONSIDERADA IMPORTANTE EN SU ÉPOCA

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AUTORA NO CONSIDERADA IMPORTANTE EN SU ÉPOCA