# data[].attributes.body
MLA citation:
Bullough, Vern L. “Magnus Hirschfeld, an Often Overlooked Pioneer.” Sexuality & Culture, vol. 7, no. 1, Winter 2003, p. 62. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s12119-003-1008-4.

# data[].attributes.headline
Sexuality and gender in Hirschfeld's 'Die Transvestiten'

# data[].attributes.subject
Sexuality and gender in Hirschfeld's 'Die Transvestiten'

# data[].attributes.body
MLA citation:
Hall, Daryl B. “Sexuality and Gender in Hirschfeld's Die Transvestiten: A Case of the ‘Elusive Evidence of the Ordinary.’” Journal of the History of Sexuality, July 2005, DOI:10. 1353/sex.2006.0023.

# data[].attributes.headline
Colloquial and incorrect understandings of the word 'transvestite'

# data[].attributes.subject
Colloquial and incorrect understandings of the word 'transvestite'

# data[].attributes.body
MLA citation:
Solandi, Bianca. “Here's Exactly Why the Word 'Transvestite' Is Offensive.” Topics, SBS Media, 29 July 2016, www.sbs.com.au/topics/voices/article/2016/07/29/heres-exactly-why-word-transvestite-offensive.
Usage:
Show informal connotations of the how the word 'transvestite' is thought of by society.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Karl Stefanovic has offered an unreserved, on-air apology after repeatedly using the words 'transvestite' and 'tranny' while making a string of transphobic jokes during Thursday's Today Show broadcast.

Admitting he was "an ignorant tool" this morning, the veteran host says, "yesterday I got it very wrong. By using the word 'tranny' I annoyed an awful lot of beautiful sensitive people."

"I honestly didn't know the negative and deeply hurtful impact that word has not only on members of the LGBTQI community but on their family and friends. Therein lies the problem I reckon, I never bothered to ask."

Social media was awash with condemnation for Stefanovic after he used the language during a segment about a Nine Network crew being assaulted in Rio de Janeiro.

However, many others were left unsure about what term is most suitable, as 'transvestite' is a word that some in the cross-dressing and transgender community accept, while others find antiquated and offensive.

"As we all know I can be a complete tool. Yesterday, I was worse, an ignorant tool." - @KarlStefanovic #9Today https://t.co/EYFvt33Twu

- The Today Show (@TheTodayShow) July 28, 2016

People who dress in the clothing of the opposite gender are not to be confused with people who are transgender, which is when a person feels they have been born the wrong gender and takes steps to live as their true self.

'Transvestite' has largely been replaced by the term 'cross-dresser' which can apply to a person of any gender but typically refers to a heterosexual man who wears clothing traditionally associated with women.

Cross-dressing is a means of gender expression rather than sexuality, and the people who engage in it do not necessarily wish to change their gender as a transgender person would, nor are they doing it for entertainment purposes like a drag queen.

Offended

Transgender Victoria defines 'transvestite' as a term that "usually refers to men who dress up for sexual pleasure", which is the reason why Kristine Johnson, the secretary of the Australian Transgender Support Association of Queensland, finds it offensive.

"I do [find 'transvestite' offensive] actually, mainly because that was used as a psychiatric term for cross-dressers, those that were heterosexual men who got a thrill out of dressing up in female clothing," she tells SBS.

"The preferred term is 'cross-dressers'," she explains, "Don't get me wrong, [cross-dressing for sexual pleasure] still happens but it's not perverted, they don't go out looking for sex everywhere."

Ms Johnson adds that the portion of people who do derive sexual pleasure from cross-dressing do not represent the majority of cross-dressers.

@mikeh777 first, many transgender people consider the term transvestite offensive. Myself included. I do support those who want to reclaim

- Dove (@FlockDove) July 13, 2016

Not offended

Meanwhile, at the other end of the debate is Katherine Cummings, an information worker at the Sydney based Gender Centre, and she tells SBS she does not find the term 'transvestite' offensive.

"It is still used as a word, I don't know who finds it offensive,'" she says.

"There are people who are transvestite and people who are transgender, but 'transvestite' is still a perfectly acceptable term for transvestites."

"It's a term that describes a certain group of people who cross-dress," she explains, "I used to be a transvestite myself until I realised I was transgender."

Ms Cummings notes that in the case Stefanovic was reporting on, it seems unclear whether the assailants who approached the Nine crew were transgender or cross-dressers, but agrees with the Today host that in less aggressive circumstances, "the logical thing is to ask".

What about 'tranny'?

While she isn't fazed by the term 'transvestite', the word 'tranny' elicited a completely different response from Ms Cummings.

"I find that offensive because it's a put down like 'homo' or 'leso' or almost every abbreviation which is not used by the person or the group themselves," she says.

GLAAD lists 'tranny' under 'defamatory terms' saying it is "derogatory" and "dehumanises transgender people", but although it is widely considered as an offensive word, not everyone sees it that way.

"Tranny" is a hurtful word. Transgender is appropriate while "tranny" is not.

- Amber Dowdican (@_grandermaybes) May 20, 2016

Ms Johnson explains, "I transitioned in the late 70s, early 80s - to me, being called a 'tranny' was one up above being called a 'poofta' or a 'sissy'.

"To be called a 'tranny' in the street was like acknowledgment that I am above a 'poofta' that's how it was then and I still personally don't find the term offensive but a lot of our members do."

She adds that it is a subjective term that some people don't mind and others hate but says, "if I was to speak on behalf of the community, 'tranny' is a very offensive term."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Here's exactly why the word 'transvestite' is offensive

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Karl Stefanovic has offered an unreserved, on-air apology after repeatedly using the words 'transvestite' and 'tranny' while making a string of transphobic jokes during Thursday's Today Show broadcast. Admitting he was "an ignorant tool" this morning, the veteran host says, "yesterday I got it very wrong.

# data[].attributes.headline
In Depth Look at Magnus Hirschfeld's Scientific Work (EBSCO)

# data[].attributes.subject
In Depth Look at Magnus Hirschfeld's Scientific Work (EBSCO)

# data[].attributes.body
MLA citation:
Brennan, Toni, and Peter Hegarty. “Who Was Magnus Hirschfeld and Why Do We Need to Know?” History & Philosophy of Psychology, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2007, pp. 12–28. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib,sso&db=a9h&AN=32520825&site=ehost-live.
Summary:
This article takes a more in-depth look at Hirschfeld's work in sexology and is advocation for "third sex" individuals. It showcases how he contested the dichotomy of "masculine/feminine" exclusivities in sex and essentially coined the term 'trans'.
Usage:
I plan on using this source to deeply identify the road Hirschfeld paved for the trans community with his research and advocation.

# data[].attributes.body
MLA citation:
Stryker, Susan. Transgender History: the Roots of Today's Revolution. Seal Press, 2017.
Summary:
This book by author Susan Stryker gives a history of trans people. The book ranges from definitions of terms used within the community, to natural phenomena of intersex individuals, to the history of cross-dressing.
Usage:
I plan on using this book as my main source of reference and information.

# data[].attributes.headline
Bio of Magnus Hirschfeld, originator of the word 'transvestite'

# data[].attributes.subject
Bio of Magnus Hirschfeld, originator of the word 'transvestite'

# data[].attributes.body
MLA citation:
Djajic-Horvath, Aleksandra. “Magnus Hirschfeld.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 10 May 2020, www.britannica.com/biography/Magnus-Hirschfeld.
Summary:
This article is a short biography on Magnus Hirschfeld, the German doctor and sexual minority advocate who coined the word 'transvestite'. It gives a brief personal history as well as some of his major contributions and works to and for the homosexual community of his time (I use 'homosexual' here as it is appropriate verbiage of Hirschfeld's time and also a term he uses in his works of identifying homosexuality as a third sex).
Usage:
I will use this resource for the origins and background of the word transvestite to gain better insight and understanding on how far LGBTQIA+ verbiage has come. I will use Hirschfeld's early insights as a foundation for the social advances the trans community has made in the last 120 years.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Magnus Hirschfeld (born May 14, 1868, Kolberg, Prussia [now Kołobrzeg, Poland]-died May 14, 1935, Nice, France) was a German physician who was an important theorist of sexuality and a prominent advocate of gay rights in the early 20th century.

Hirschfeld was born to Jewish parents in a Prussian town on the Baltic coast. He first studied modern languages and then medicine, obtaining a doctoral degree in 1892. After a period of travel, he returned to Germany and established a medical practice in Magdeburg in 1894. Two years later he moved to Berlin, where he would become actively involved in the scientific study of sexuality-in particular, homosexuality-and advocacy efforts on behalf of sexual minorities.

Hirschfeld maintained that sexual orientation was innate and not a deliberate choice, and he believed that scientific understanding of sexuality would promote tolerance of sexual minorities. His sexology research was guided by empiricism and activism, driven by the belief that the sexual ideology of Judeo-Christian civilization was a serious obstacle to the understanding of sexuality and to the reform of laws and practices that regulated it.

Initially Hirschfeld supported the concept that homosexuals constituted the "third sex," although he soon moved on from that. He is best known for his subsequent theory of sexual intermediaries, which held that there were many types of naturally occurring sexual variations found across the human population, such as hermaphroditism, homosexuality, and transvestism. He is also credited with coining the term transvestite.

Hirschfeld accomplished an enormous amount of work during his lifetime with regards to his research, writing, and advocacy efforts. In 1897 Hirschfeld established the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee with Max Spohr, Franz Josef von Bülow, and Eduard Oberg; it was the world's first gay rights organization. Its main goal was to fight for the abolishment of Paragraph 175 of the German Imperial Penal Code, which punished sexual contact between men. In 1899 he started the Yearbook of Intermediate Sexual Types, the first journal in the world to deal with sexual variants; it was regularly published until 1923. He also published an important study on cross-dressing, The Transvestites (1910). Hirschfeld was one of the founders of the Medical Society for Sexual Science and Eugenics, established in 1913. The next year he published his study Homosexuality in Men and Women, which was based on the expansive statistical surveys on homosexuality that he had conducted. In addition to publishing works on sexology and sexual reforms, Hirschfeld also wrote about racism, politics, and the history of morals.

In 1919 Hirschfeld opened the first sexology institute in the world, the Institute for Sexual Science, in Berlin; the institute and the considerable holdings of its library and archives were destroyed by Nazi demonstrators in 1933. Hirschfeld also participated in the production of the first film to call for the decriminalization and acceptance of homosexuality, Different from the Others (1919). The controversial film ignited much debate and was banned by German officials within a year. In 1928 Hirschfeld founded the World League for Sexual Reform (WLSR), which had its roots in an early conference that he had organized in 1921, the First International Conference for Sexual Reform on a Scientific Basis. The WSLR called for reform of sex legislations, the right to contraception and sex education, and legal and social equality of the sexes.

Being a Jew, a gay man, and a sexual liberation activist made Hirschfeld the target of right-wing supporters, and he suffered serious injuries from an attack in 1920. Later, with the Nazis' growing power, he was regularly assaulted, his lectures were disrupted, and, upon completion of his international speaking tour in 1932, he was unable to return to Germany. He instead went to Switzerland and then in 1934 to France, where he died the next year.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Magnus Hirschfeld | Biography & Facts | Britannica

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Magnus Hirschfeld, German physician who was an important theorist of sexuality and a prominent advocate of gay rights in the early 20th century. He maintained that sexual orientation was innate and not a deliberate choice. Learn more about Hirschfeld's life and work.

# data[].attributes.body
The word 'transvestite' is considered as pejorative but actually has an inspiring history and should be regarded as a juggernaut for inclusive trans vocabulary. I think it is important that society better understands this word in order to accurately portray the pioneers of trans representation and stomp out the negative stereotypes with which it is associated.