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If you find any useful resources on the Anthropocean, Just insert onto to this padlet

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Ecology and Society: Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity

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Rockström, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, Å. Persson, F. S. Chapin, III, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. De Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sörlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, L. Karlberg, R. W. Corell, V. J. Fabry, J. Hansen, B. Walker, D. Liverman, K. Richardson, P. Crutzen, and J. Foley. 2009. Planetary boundaries:exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society 14(2): 32. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03180-140232

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b. Head L 2015, ‘The Anthropoceneans’, Geographical Research, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 313-320.

Picture 1

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b. Head L 2015, ‘The Anthropoceneans’, Geographical Research, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 313-320.

Picture 2

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Steffen W, Crutzen P & McNeill J 2007, ‘The Anthropocene: Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature?’ Ambio, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 614-621.

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2a. Problems related to the anthropocean (Brain storm)

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2a. Problems related to the anthropocean (Brain storm)

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- Over fishing
- Urban Sprawl
- Deforestation
- Acid Rain
- Agriculture clearing and over grazing
- Pollution

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2e. Brainstorm ways deforestation could be mitigated, or actions that could be taken to prevent its further escalation.

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2e. Brainstorm ways deforestation could be mitigated, or actions that could be taken to prevent its further escalation.

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1. Plant a Tree where you can.

2. Go paperless at home and in the office.

3. Buy recycled products and then recycle them again.

4. Buy certified wood products. Read the labels and look for the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) mark.

5. Support the products of companies that are committed to reducing deforestation. It’s all about business. If you don’t buy, they will be encouraged to improve their practices.

6. Raise awareness in your circle and in your community.

7. Buy only what you will use.

8. Don’t use Palm Oil or products with Palm Oil.

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1. One cause of deforestation is illegal and unsustainable logging practices, this is found all over the globe from South America all the way too Asia. This is not helped as these woods find their way into large markets such as the USA and the EU and increases their demand
2. A second cause for deforestation is the constant urban sprawl, where large urban centres grow over time, and to make this space they cut down forests. This problem is also escalating as the population of our planet and urban centres the need for space is growing at an exponential rate which is disastrous for our forests as they ultimately are cut down to make this land available.
3. Lastly The major cause of deforestation is agriculture, as thousands of acres is needed for this industry to grow crops and the land needed to hold livestock. And this cause has escalated over the last century and is still escalating rapidly now as they our population growth rate is unsustainable now the demand for food has skyrocketed which has increased the need for land in the agriculture industry.

The video below is about deforestation and talks about the causes in detail.

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Climate 101: Deforestation | National Geographic

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List the references you use below

- Rate of Deforestation 2020, The World Counts, viewed 16 August 2020 https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/planet-earth/forests-and-deserts/rate-of-deforestation

- The nine planetary boundaries N.D, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Viewed 16 August 2020, https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/planetary-boundaries/planetary-boundaries/about-the-research/the-nine-planetary-boundaries.html

- Deforestation Causes 2020, World Wide Fund for Nature, viewed 16 August 2020, https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/our_focus/forests_practice/deforestation_causes2/

- D. Dune, 2018, Deforestation has driven up hottest day temperatures, Carbon Brief Clear on Climate, Viewed August 17 2020, https://www.carbonbrief.org/deforestation-has-driven-up-hottest-day-temperatures#:~:text=Deforestation%20is%20a%20key%20contributor,release%20the%20carbon%20they%20store.&text=As%20part%20of%20this%20process,effect%20on%20the%20air%20above.

- How can we stop Deforestation, The worlds count, Viewed August 18 2020, > https://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/How-Can-We-Stop-Deforestation <

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Deforestation has not yet reached crisis level however it does have the potential to affect both the local and global environment and in turn multiple planetary boundaries. Following the clearing of land it can immediately impact the local environment in ways such as water flow which allows for an increase erosion and challenge to flood control. However, in later weeks/months/years has the ability to influence the stability of climate and temperatures not only locally but also globally. It is estimated that over the central US, as a result of land clearing processes their has been a 1 degree increase in temperatures on the hottest day (Dune, 2018). These impacts have the potential to push on the planetary boundary of land system change as the ecological services of the land begin to change. In addition, to deforestation having a significant impact on land systems it also plays a significant role in impact the loss of biodiversity integrity. Deforestation destroys the habitat of many species not only due to the loss of their homes but also impacts their ability to access food and water. This results in species moving on in order to avoid becoming extinct and therefore affects the biodiversity as well as changing the ecosystem due to the lost of a species. Deforestation additionally has the ability to impact and push the planetary boundary of climate change. Due to the decrease in trees, there has been a global increase in atmospheric CO2. With deforestation accounting annually for about 11% of CO2 emissions (Dune, 2018). This increase in CO2 has impacted the climate-carbon cycle thus accelerating global warming and increases other significant impacts of climate change.

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If you find any useful resources on the Anthropocean, Just insert onto to this padlet

http://www.anthropocene.info/ Although this is not a scholary source is has lots of information on anthropocene and highlights current issues, has short films on topics such as climate change and a timeline through the different periods to now in the holocene

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In this task our group has decided to focus on the environmental problem of deforestation. This relates to Anthropocean and planetary boundaries in many ways. This is because large scale deforestation wasn't possible during the Holocean as they did not have the means for as large scale deforestation as we see in the Anthropocean. This is due to use of fossil fuels and modern technology which as of 2016 allow for an average of 28 million hectares of deforestation globally (The world counts, 2020). This environmental problem is interlinked with several of the planetary boundaries these include Land system changes, Loss of biodiversity integrity and climate change. The boundaries of land system changes are being pushed to the brink as with the agriculture  industry constantly needing more lands forests are being cut down all over the world to accomodate for this which in conjunction with the timber industry need for constant supply has led to millions of hectares of forests being cut down, which we can see in the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil which has seen lots of deforestation. The boundaries of climate change have also not been helped by this issue as with the deforestation of many trees there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as not as much is being changed into oxygen. Another planetary boundary that is being affected it the loss of biodiversity, which is happening is being aided by this deforestation as some tree species are close to extinction and animal species habitats which is affects the number of that species as they die because they lose their habitat.