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Towards an intensified summer CO2 sink behaviour in the Southern Ocean coastal regions

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Towards an intensified summer CO2 sink behaviour in the Southern Ocean coastal regions

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Thiago Monteiro, Rodrigo Kerr, Iole Orselli, Jannine Lencina-Avila
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Brazil

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Highlights

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We analysed the CO ₂ system in an important region of the Southern Ocean.

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The Gerlache Strait acts as a stronger CO ₂ sink than nearby open ocean areas during the austral summer.

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We identified both strong and near-equilibrium sink scenarios for FCO ₂ from 1999 to 2017.

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The pattern of variability of FCO ₂ has changed since 2012 to a higher frequency of years with a strong CO ₂ sink.

Abstract

The Southern Ocean is a globally important carbon sink region. However, the austral coastal zones are usually not considered in global estimations due to their general undersampling and large regional dynamics. Thus, estimations of carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean may differ considerably from current values, i.e., without accounting for coastal regions. Here, we conducted a case study in the Gerlache Strait, an ecologically important Antarctic coastal zone. We show that the net sea-air CO ₂ flux (FCO ₂) in the strait may reach the same or greater magnitudes than those in large open sea regions around Antarctica during summer, despite having a much smaller area. A large mean FCO ₂ of -31 ± 19 mmol m −2 d ⁻¹ was observed in the strong CO ₂ sink years (i.e., FCO ₂ < -12 mmol m −2 d ⁻¹), in contrast to -1 ± 7 mmol m −2 d ⁻¹ in CO ₂ near-equilibrium conditions (i.e., CO ₂ sea-air difference ≈ 0). This variability is mainly modulated by phytoplankton activity and likely upwelling processes. We also identified two cycles of variability with 2-year and 4-year periodicities from 1999 to 2017. The 2-year periodicity becomes stronger after 2012, intensifying the strong CO ₂ sink scenario in the Gerlache Strait. Our findings reinforce the importance of polar coastal zones as CO ₂ sinks during the austral summer and the need to broaden our understanding of the role of these regions at other time scales.

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Towards an intensified summer CO2 sink behaviour in the Southern Ocean coastal regions

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We analysed the CO 2 system in an important region of the Southern Ocean. * The Gerlache Strait acts as a stronger CO 2 sink than nearby open ocean areas during the austral summer. * We identified both strong and near-equilibrium sink scenarios for FCO 2 from 1999 to 2017.

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Understanding marine ecosystem structure, function and stability from a network perspective

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Understanding marine ecosystem structure, function and stability from a network perspective

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Tomás I. Marina (CADIC-CONICET, Argentina), Georgina Cordone (CESIMAR-CONICET, Argentina), Vanesa Salinas (UNGS, Argentina), Iara D. Rodríguez (UNGS), Santiago R. Doyle (UNGS), Leonardo A. Saravia (UNGS), Fernando R. Momo (UNGS)

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Dynamics of an intense diatom bloom in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, February 2016

Raul Rodrigo Costa, Carlos Rafael Borges Mendes, Virginia Maria Tavano, Tiago Segabinazzi Dotto, Rodrigo Kerr, Thiago Monteiro, Clarisse Odebrecht, Eduardo Resende Secchi
Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) - Brazil

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Microbial abundances across the Scotia Sea

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Microbial abundances across the Scotia Sea

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Mireia Mestre (IDEAL research center, Chile)
Juan Höfer (PUCV, Valparaiso, Chile)
Bjørn Krafft (Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway)
Camila Fernandez (UDEC, Concepcion, Chile)

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A Closed, Subsurface Eddy Increases Residence Times within Palmer Deep Canyon

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A Closed, Subsurface Eddy Increases Residence Times within Palmer Deep Canyon

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Katherine Hudson* (University of Delaware), MJ Oliver (University of Delaware), J Kohut (Rutgers University), M Dinniman (Old Dominion University), J Klinck (Old Dominion University), H Statscewich (University of Alaska Fairbanks), K Bernard (Oregon State University), W Fraser (Polar Oceans Research Group)

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Solving a morphological dilemma with genetic tools: species identification and population genetics of the Antarctic fish Lepidonotothen spp. in the Scotia Arc and Bouvet Island

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Solving a morphological dilemma with genetic tools: species identification and population genetics of the Antarctic fish Lepidonotothen spp. in the Scotia Arc and Bouvet Island

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Luca Schiavon (University of Padova), Mario La Mesa (ISMAR-CNR, Ancona), Alessandra Battistotti (University of Padova), Magnus Lucassen  (AWI Bremerhaven), Malte Damerau (

Thünen Institut, Hamburg),

Lars Harms  (AWI Bremerhaven), Emilio Riginella (Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli), Lorenzo Zane (University of Padova), Chiara Papetti (University of Padova)

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Livingston Island, Antarctica: reservoir of cold-adapted bacteria producing hydrolytic enzymes

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Livingston Island, Antarctica: reservoir of cold-adapted bacteria producing hydrolytic enzymes

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Carolina Rubiano-Labrador* (Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar - UTB, Colombia)

Rosa Acevedo-Barrios (UTB, Colombia)

Alba García-Lázaro (UTB, Colombia)

Lilia Ward-Bowie (UTB, Colombia)

Ana Karina Tamara-Acosta (UTB, Colombia)

Blanca Mercado Molina (UTB, Colombia)

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Autonomous Glider Reveals Two-Stage Upward Heat Flux in Ryder Bay, West Antarctic Peninsula

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Autonomous Glider Reveals Two-Stage Upward Heat Flux in Ryder Bay, West Antarctic Peninsula

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Ryan M. Scott, J. Alexander Brearley, Alberto Naveira Garabato, Hugh J. Venables, Michael P. Meredith

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Spatial distribution of dissolved iron in the surface waters of the Gerlache Strait and their relationship with phytoplankton abundance and hydrographic conditions

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Spatial distribution of dissolved iron in the surface waters of the Gerlache Strait and their relationship with phytoplankton abundance and hydrographic conditions

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Diego Hernández-Cerón (PUCV, Valparaiso, Chile)
Mark J. Hopwood (Geomar, Kiel, Germany)
Mireia Mestre (IDEAL research Center, Chile)
Juan Höfer (PUCV, Valparaiso, Chile)

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Iron transport by subglacial meltwater indicated by δ56Fe in coastal sediments of King George Island, Antarctica

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Iron transport by subglacial meltwater indicated by δ56Fe in coastal sediments of King George Island, Antarctica

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Susann Henkel (AWI Bremerhaven)
Sabine Kasten (AWI Bremerhaven)
Jan Hartmann (MARUM, Bremen), Adrián Silva Busso (Instituto Nacional del Agua, Buenos Aires)
Michael Staubwasser (University of Cologne)

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Relationship between iceberg melting rate & sediment delivery in Antarctic Coastal Waters

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Relationship between iceberg melting rate & sediment delivery in Antarctic Coastal Waters

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Jeremy Donaire (Andres Bello University, Chile)
Juan Höfer (PUCV, Valparaiso, Chile)
Mark J. Hopwood (GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany)