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-very conservative and close minded
-government has lots of power
-reveres chairman Mao
-why chairman Mao decided to alter the country's system is unknown
-people learned about the industry and agriculture rather than subjects
-had to monitor and be cautious about what they said
-humiliation to those who disrespect the leaders

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-this chapter ends with a sort of cliffhanger that suggests that Luo will succeed in becoming a story teller maybe even more so that the narrator will at music

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-social status
-cultural, religion, beliefs
-human rights
-science and art
-politics

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-the Holocaust
-

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Feng Xia's role!!!!
Feng Xia's personality development

1. What does Jia Zhen symbolize and bring to Fu Gui's life?
2. Why does Zhang Yimou use a "first person" view/ follows the life of Fu Gui rather than having a "third person view"?
3. Although Mao never directly appeared, how was Mao's influence over China depicted in the film?
4. What does the past represents
5. How do people face death and despair?
6.

Symbolisms to Explore
1. Truck- Chun Sheng
Chun Sheng says he wanted to drive a truck really bad (Truck was his future)
But he ends of taking the life of YouQing
2. Food- YouQing
Dumps noodles on kid to revenge his sister
Dies before eating his dumplings
3. Lighting
4.Propaganda and Mao's influence

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Page 3-  the violin "was the sole item that exuded an air of foreignness, of civilisation, and therefore aroused suspicion"; "strange item"; "peered into the black interior of the body, like an officious customs officer searching for drugs"; "shook it, as though convinced something would drop out of the sound holes"

Page 14-  "Before our arrival, there had never been an alarm clock in the village; indeed there had been no clocks or watches at all. The people had tied their days by sunrise and sundown.... It became an object of veneration, almost. Everyone came to consult the clock, as though our house on stilts were a temple.

Page 18- 19- "Phoenix mountain was so remote from civilisation that most of the inhabitants had never had the opportunity of seeing a film, let a lone visit a cinema"

Page 67- "What language is he speaking?" the old man asked Luo, puzzled. "The official language, replied Luo. " The language of Beijing. Don't you speak Mandarin?" "Where's Beijing?" We were taken aback by his question, but when we realized he was speaking in earnest we couldn't help laughing. For a moment I almost envied him his complete ignorance of the outside world."

Page 128- "You've been spreading reactionary trash. Just as well for our village that I never sleep, that I'm always on guard. I have been here since midnight listening to everything you've been saying, the whole reactionary story of count Whatsisname"... "I don't care. One day our revolution will triumph the world over! And anyone who bears the title of Count, regardless of his nationality, is by definition reactionary."

154- "Is that Karl Marx??" someone asked the cripple. "You should know, you've travelled more than us." The cripple didn't reply at once. Or is it Lenin?" another yokel asked.
"Or Stalin, without his uniform?"

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Page 6- "the universities were closed and all the "young intellectuals," meaning boys and girls who had graduated from high school, were sent to the countryside to be "re-educated by the poor peasants.""

Page 13- "Throughout the years of our re-education the house on stilts remained  almost entirely unfurnished. There was not even a table or chair, just two makeshift beds pushed against the wall in a small windowless alcove."

Page 14-
"the work we were forced to do on this mountain with its tortuous paths rising ever higher... what we dreaded most of all was having to carry buckets of shit on our back."

Page 15- "The slurry would seep through the lid and trickle down our bodies until we were soaked. Dear reader, I will spare you the details of each faltering step; suffice to say that the slightest false move was potentially fatal."

Page 17- "Ordinarily the offspring of average parents... could rest assured that, provided they stayed out of trouble, they would be reunited with their families after a mere two years of re-education. That was the official Party line. But for the sons and daughters of families classes as enemies of the people, the chances of returning home were infinitesimal: three in a thousand.

Page 28- "He was naked except for a harness with leather straps that cut deep into his flesh. This horrible contraption enabled him to drag a huge basket laden with chunks of anthracite behind him. When he reached me I took over from him. I was naked too, my body covered in a film of coal dust which sank into every fold of my skin"

Page 29- "With the exception of the entrance... the tunnel, all seven hundred metres of it, lacked any protection whatsoever. There was a permanent danger of falling rock..."

Page 31- "At the end of the sixth week Luo fell ill. It was malaria. One afternoon, when we were all sitting under a tree opposite the entrance to the tunnel eating some rice, he complained of feeling cold. Within minutes his hands were shaking so badly he couldn't hold his chopsticks."

Page 63- lining the seams there were rows and rows of black eggs, gleaming like tiny glass beads. Just glimpsing them was enough to give me goose flesh from head to toe"

Page 82- "Who could this fortunate person be —the first of the hundred-odd city youths on our mountain to be released from re-education? The question kept us awake at least half the night, feverish with envy."

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Page 12- "I have been advised against climbing it, as all the opium growers are armed. After harvesting their crop, they spend their time attacking anyone who happens to pass by"

Page 32- ""Harder!" cried the others, watching from the sidelines. "If you don't hit hard you won't drive out the sickness.""

Page 39- "A propaganda film like any other. Normally speaking, the deathbed scene marked the first high point in the story. The audience would always weep at this moment, regardless of whether they were watching the film or listening to our version of it"

Page 93- "the slaughter was disguised as an accident" (because working buffalos aren't supposed to be killed; Four-eye and his mother bribed them)

Page 129- "I wasn't sure I would withstand the beatings and floggings that were said to be standard procedure during interrogations at the Security Office"

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-if the tailor is so talented and rich, why is his shop also his dwelling?
-they (the tailor) don't really respect the American culture as they were imitating the word "violin" and saying it as "Wy-o-lin" in a mocking way

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Page 8- "All other books were forbidden"

Page 25- "I was surprised to see a book lying on a table, since the mountain people were mostly illiterate; it was an eternity since I had touched the pages of a book. I went to look at it at once, but was disappointed; it was industrial catalogue of textile dyes."

Page 57- "Picture, if you will, a boy of nineteen, still slumbering in the limbo of adolescence, having heard nothing but revolutionary blather about patriotism, Communism, ideology and propaganda all his life, falling headlong into a story of awakening desire, passion, impulsive action, love, of all the subjects that had, until then, been hidden from me."

Page 62- "your coat was resting on the flat of hands, the way a sacred object lies in the palms of the pious"

Page 85- "It's thanks to you that he was able to do his research. You gave him plenty of books to read." "Of course". She lapsed into silence, then glared at me with suspicion. "Books? Certainly not," she said coldly. "Thank you very much for the potato."

Page 99-100- "'Me too. Loathing for everyone who kept these books from us.' Hearing myself utter this last sentence frightened me, as if there might be an eavesdropper hidden somewhere in the room. Such a remark, casually dropped, could cost several years in prison."

Page 111- "To me it was the ultimate book: once you had read it, neither your own life nor the world you lived in would ever look the same."

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-are there no child labor laws?
-is there any way for them to earn their freedom? (if doing the shows still didn't work)
-the coal mine was giving the narrator anxiety attacks and hallucination

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-either Luo is very good or people are used to fake weeping when they are supposed to?

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- scared to break non-exist laws
-all books were banned except scientific ones or ones on Mao
-even poetry and the bible were banned
Page 55- "On our return Four-Eyes gave us a book— a thin, worn volume. The author's name was Balzac."

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-I think it's a bit stupid of him to copy a passage in his coat as people would probably see

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-page 64 "jade dumplings with miller sauce" ...

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page 66- talks about what he wears to imitate mao and the soldiers
- I wonder how they pulled it off and if they would get in trouble if they had been caught
Page 75- did he get busted though...

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-Four-eye was too concentrated on saving himself

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Page 46- "He would spring to his feet, quickly hide the pan in a corner as if it were  contraband and put out a dish of marinated vegetables, mush and repulsive, in its stead: eating meat struck him as a crime typical the bourgeois class to which his family belonged."

Page 77- "The change he had undergone since receiving his mother's letter was truly remarkable. A few days before it would have been unthinkable for him to snap at us like this. I hand't suspect that a tiny glimmer of hope for the future could transform someone so utterly. He was insanely arrogant, and his voice seethed with longing and hatred."

Page 104- "'I stayed friends with them because I thought you and Pa had problems with your teeth, and that one day Luo's father might be of assistance."

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-so they were once able to live in the city, then they got taken away to be re-educated, and now they are back visiting the city

page 82- "Her words pierced my heart. "It's so much better when it's you telling the story." (why was that offensive?

there's obvious prejudice against poor people displayed here
1. the lady didn't acknowledge him until he spoke in a Chengdu accent
2. she squat down awkwardly because she never really squats
3. she avoided eating the sweet potato by asking a question

-He was trying to hold back his anger and jealousy, was he being passive-aggressive?

Pages 86-87

Pages 88-89
1. infers that conflict between him and Luo may rise for fighting over the Little Seamstress?
2. Infers that they will steal the books?

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Page 96- "who knows, maybe a bigger array of weapons was required to secure the safe passage of one privileged individual than to protect the soul of a mans stricken with malaria"

Page 97- so do they actually believe in the sorcerers?

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Page 116- "Suddenly I felt apprehensive about how his adventure with Balzac and the Little Seamstress would turn out. The big black bird had vanished, leaving an eerie silence on the mountain" (foreshadowing that something bad is going to happen)

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Although he would be sent to jail if caught because this is illegal, I think that the Little Seamstress' dad might help them by maybe finding more books because he enjoyed the story

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Shows that people are still just people, we will give up power for short term benefit

Revenge

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Page 142- it is ironic how the minute he loses hope, he is able to escape the mountains

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Page 146- did the scar symbolize something?

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-telling story like he's an actual secret agent
Page 156- um... what?
Page 159-160- being pregnant before marriage, abortion and marriage before 25 are illegal

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Page 3
violin compared to drugs (simile)
- addictive
music not on Mao
-danger
be influenced by Western music
-illegal

Page 6
Mentioning Mao
-symbolic
-mao changes their character
-lights up upon hearing his name

Chef vs Peasants
Chef's face softened at the mentioning of Mao
Peasants' face softened at the sound of Mozart
-relieved for something that was not about the revolution

Page 7
Mozart music compared to faithful friends (simile)
-wellknown
-unique
-comfortable

Page 10
Luo's dad confesses to accusations (Diction)
-no one to defend him
-publically humiliated
-Luo thought people would defend him; let down
-Luo punches narrator due to frustration and embarrassment; can't deal with pity

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Page 21-22
Little Seamstress referred to as princess of Phoenix mountain
-gender role
-feminity
-wants to rescue her
-stays home and can't go to trips with her father (the father doesn't want to be accused by others for bringing his daughter because everyone should be equal and she's too pretty)
-was objectified; she was the 'trophy' or the 'prize'; no names; "little" -> their possession

Describes appearance (Diction)
-what she wears
-the boys look down on the villagers and compared to them, the little seamstress was already above them because of what she was able to afford to wear
-freshness to her: got new sewing machine

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During the revolution, young patriotic members of the communist party took over and overthrew experienced experts whose ideas and visions did not support theirs. In this particular scene, the ignorance of the inexperienced new hospital ‘doctors’ results in the ultimate death of Feng Xia. Through this scene, Zhang Yimo attempts to convey to members of the audience, or more specifically, citizens of China, both the injustice that discriminated individuals get as they are only ever treated with respect when they are needed and how one can abandon long-held traditions and values when brainwashed with new ones.

What really made this social issue resonate throughout this clip was the way that everyone treated Dr. Wang, a doctor who was labeled as a “reactionary”. Even though he had most of the power in this situation as he was the only one who had the skills and experience to deliver babies, he was still regarded as just a tool to use and discard. The “doctors” who were delivering the baby were incredibly young, inexperienced, and unprofessional. Instead of focusing on stopping the baby and saving Feng Xia, they crumbled under pressure, repetitively saying that “we don’t know what to do” (2:01:23-2:01:33). As doctors, they should be the ones comforting the patient’s relatives, yet in this scene, we see Er Xi holding one of the “doctors” firmly by the shoulders, telling her to “Don’t panic. Think of something” (2:01:35-2:01:37). Here, it is as if the roles have been reversed and this ironic behavior shows how immature and ignorant these youngsters are when in reality, they cannot handle the stress when lives are literally in their hands. In fact, they still have the audacity to respond with “We’re just students” (2:01:37-2:01:43). Within a minute, these once arrogant and confident “doctors” are now merely students; they have pushed the blame away from them and forced the responsibility of two lives upon Dr. Wang’s shoulders, displaying how quickly one is able to turn to people who they normally humiliated and shamed for help.

Yet even when the “doctors” needed him, not only was Dr. Wang physically dragged across the floor when practically unconscious but was left there when hospital staff asked for them to assist in stopping the bleeding. Dr. Wang was clearly having trouble breathing himself, yet he was neglected, and his life viewed less in value due to the beliefs that people held during the revolution. In fact, Dr. Wang even became accustomed to the treatment that he receives as he even assures Er Xi that it’ll be better for him to wear the humiliating sign that hung from his neck: Reactionary against academic authority. With his name crossed out in red, Dr. Wang is being viewed as less of a human than others. Again, it is shown here how Dr. Wang was nothing more than a tool that can be disposed of.

Another social and political issue that this scene captured was how indoctrination can transform the mindsets of so many people in such a short amount of time. The people of China are well-known for their respect towards elders, yet here, the eldest and most experienced person present was treated inhumanly. Throughout the history of China, an essential value was to respect the elders. Generation through generation, the people of China were taught about filial piety: to be good to and to take care of one’s parents, elders, and ancestors. However, in contrast to this ultimate practice, many of the elder generations were degraded and stripped of power during the revolution. In fact, later in the cultural revolution, people were told to get rid of the four olds: old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas. Hence, the ways Dr. Wang was treated in this clip shows how quickly people are able to abandon and adopt new beliefs and values after being indoctrinated in them.

All in all, this clip was effective in allowing two main global issues to seep through: how one is able to turn to another only when searching for help and support and how fast one can be to adopt a new set of values when they have been indoctrinated by them. While this scene, in particular, portrayed these two global issues effectively, they also resonate throughout the whole film, especially towards the end when the cultural revolution really started to have an impact on the lives of the people. Evidence of how specialists were being overthrown and the adoption of new principles was displayed over and over again.

While not as prominent, these two global issues can still be identified today and all through history. Corrupt individuals seeking power and control are constantly using and brainwashing others to their own advantage. It isn’t uncommon for those in competitive industries to collaborate with another before throwing them under the bus and taking all the credit. It’s even more common for one to brainwash others. One popular technique in the modern age takes the form of advertisements. Companies have learned to twist their words to shape the ways costumers feel about their products. Though not necessarily true, slogans, logos, and mottos printed on posters and brandings are able to persuade audience members to desire the item, similar to how the Chinese government was shaping the minds of their citizens.

Zhang, Yimou, director. To Live. To Live Huo Zhe, Shanghai Film Studio, 1994, www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKttEgcGZsM.

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Page 83-84

“a slight figure…” to “…not used to squatting down in such informal circumstances.”

Global Issue- the rich enforces the division of social classes by refusing to interact with nonother but other wealthy people

Quotes-

·      Body language/appearance

o   She was an “undoubtedly, rich woman, who wasn’t going to be taken aback by anything”

o   “At this she got out of her chair and, still holding her knitting, came over to sit by my fire.”

o   “She was clearly not used to squatting down in such informal circumstances.”

·      Tone of voice

o   “her porter decided to have a rest… the woman simply went on knitting, making no move to get down from her chair”

o   “she didn’t even glance at what I was doing, nor did she exchange a single word with her porter”

o   “Using the local accent, I asked her if she had spent the night at the hotel in Yong Jing. She nodded her head in confirmation and resumed her knitting.”

o   “You speak with a Chengdu accent!” she exclaimed. Her voice was gentle and melodic.”

This excerpt from Balzac is when the narrator meets Four-Eye’s mother near the cemetery. As the narrator approaches her to offer a piece of sweet potato there is a noticeable change in attitude before and after he changes from a local dialect to his Chengdu accent. Through Dai Sijie’s coherent descriptions of Four-Eye’s mother, it is clear how the global issue, the rich enforces the division of social classes by refusing to interact with nonother but other wealthy people, has been reflected.

A significant change can be observed through the body language and attitude of Four-Eye’s mother to the narrator. At first glance, the narrator noted how she was an “undoubtedly, rich woman, who wasn’t going to be taken aback by anything” (84). In fact, when “her porter decided to have a rest… the woman simply went on knitting, making no move to get down from her chair” and showing complete disregard towards those who are working for her (83). Such an observation already evokes the imagery of an arrogant and stubborn woman. As the narrator approaches Four-Eye’s mother, she, again, “didn’t even glance at what I was doing, nor did she exchange a single word with her porter” (83). All she could manage was a nod of “her head in confirmation” before she “resumed her knitting” when the narrator “asked her if she had spent the night at the hotel in Yong Jing” in a local accent (84). Upon hearing his accent and seeing his overall appearance, Four-Eye’s mother confirmed that the narrator was merely another low-class citizen and hence, doesn’t even bother to lift her head or respond with words. Such prejudice against the poor was further emphasized when contrasted with Four-Eye’s mother’s reaction upon hearing the narrator take on a Chengdu accent: ““You speak with a Chengdu accent!” she exclaimed. Her voice was gentle and melodic” (84). Here, words such as “exclaimed”, “gentle”, and “melodic” all come together to transform this once disrespectful woman into a friendly one. This sudden change in tone of voice and body language shows how narrow-minded and discriminatory wealthy people can be towards the poor. Suddenly, Four-eye’s mother was interested in this dirty boy standing before her. “She got out of her chair and… came over to sit” by the narrator, showing an interest in his hometown (84). For her to go from neglecting him to being able to squat down next to him really highlights the difference a person can be treated based on their social status.

The discrimination against lower classes was hinted across the novel “Balzac”. Many times, people of power have looked down upon those who served them. As a matter of fact, it was suggested that even the narrator and his friend, Luo, have subconsciously undermined the villagers as they were still not accustomed to not living in the city and being able to afford everything.

This social issue is still notable in some areas where the poverty gap is especially large. Wealthy people tend to abuse their power and neglect those who work below them. For example, there have been multiple incidences where people have asked homeless individuals to leave public areas when they have every right to be there. In fact, some even went as far as to construct “anti-homeless” areas. This is clearly an issue as the society is not only leaving those who are in need to fend for themselves, but they are also belittling and making their lives even harder than it already is.

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, by Dai Sijie, Vintage, 2002, pp. 83–84.

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A: Knowledge and Interpretations
-connection between text and author
-larger implications of the global issue
-well-chosen quotes that effectively supports the thesis/global issue

B: Analysis and Evaluation
-analyze the "moves"
-editing; stylistic devices
-evokes pathos (emotional and psychological effects)
-name the technique
-in relation to the global issue

C: Focus and Organization
-don't include irrelevant pieces of evidence and reasoning
-Intro, body, conclusion
-transitions, order of ideas

D: Language
-Use of words
-Grammar

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Will only accept 10 bullet points (each around a sentence)

Conduct some research for supporting evidence, author, and background information

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Film
-Language
-Visual
-Editing

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-no specific/one answer to the question; different perspectives/sides/views to issue
-specific; use effective adjectives
-why is it important in this text?
-real world
-systemic (happens repetitively); not just a 'mistake' or a single bad thing that happens or an individual
-why is it a global issue? Causes and effects?

linking to the whole novel/ text/ movie
-can quote outside the selected excerpt
-give examples how the global issue has been portrayed throughout the whole text

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Audience
-Take into account of the target and secondary audience as well as the impact it has on them

Speaker

Text type

Origin

Purpose

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What stylistic devices are you going to use?
-point out techniques that are useful to your issue
-link all techniques to your thesis
-impact of cinematography and editing

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During the testing, I spent around 15 minutes reading, annotating, and outlining my essay. In fact, I even finished with a few minutes to spare. Thinking that I still had much time left, I then started on my essay at quite a slow pace, making sure to include as many factors as I could. However, after my first body paragraph, I realized that time had flew by, leaving me just 40 minutes left to write the remaining paragraphs. I began to panic and started to focus on just getting everything done instead of paying attention to organization, language, and detail.

Upon finishing the essay, I realized that the most difficult thing is probably not the time constraint, but the organization of the essay. I had to make sure that I covered the most important aspects of the text, but I also had to be as concise as possible. There was no way I could pick out every single stylistic feature presented in the text, so I had to favor some over others. Organization of the paragraphs was also one of my weaknesses in this paper. Some of my paragraphs should be combined and the location of my claims were also incorrect.

Another area that I should focus on improving is repetition. In other words, I have to make sure that all my sentences are necessary, that I 1. say something 2. am not repeating myself 3. include words that make that phrase significant. Another form of reiteration are the use of words and sentence structures. For instance, I don't have repeat "Obama" over and over again, I can use other pronouns or references such as "Michelle Obama", "the speaker", "the former first lady", or even just "she". A pattern that I found in my writing was that I kept on using one sentence structure: subject verb object (Obama appeals to pathos...). I should change it up a bit, even if its just "appealing to pathos, the former first lady...).

Goals-
1. Use as many sentence structures as possible
2. Never use the same "name" (Obama) more than two sentences in a row
3. Organize my paragraphs clearly before starting my essay
4. Make my sentences more concise
5. Have transitions between evidence and reasoning
6. Make reasoning more detailed; how does this affect the ways readers feel? Why?

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Light in the beginning
-usually symbolizes hope, but doesn't in this case
-"quivered", "wavered", and "fell, rose again, and continued its precarious advance"
-reader doesn't know what this is

"like the eye of some nightmarish animal whose body had been swallowed up by the darkness. It was Luo, wearing an oil lamp..."
-Luo is the animal being swallowed
-Physically -> tired
-lamp is the eye for Luo to see

"He was naked except for a harness with leather straps that cut deep into his flesh. This horrible contraption enabled him to drag..."
-characterizes him like an animal
-degraded
-but also normal peasants are treated this way on a daily basis

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Page 39-40
-Luo = such a great artist that can even make cliche and boring "art" interesting
-Luo and narrator = artists shaping little seamstress
-Little seamstress = an object; art (beauty)
-government (artists) shaping peasants (art)

-makes Luo and narrator become 'criminals' by stealing art (books)
-foureye lives in constant fear

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communism
-"it swung vigorously from side to side as though determined to splatter its timid, inexperienced master with as much filth as possible" (47) spreading communist propaganda
-struggle with foureye
-foureye wants to 'believe' in communism, but the buffalo refuses
-buffalo blinds foureye - "communism blinds people"
-"four-eyes had evidently aroused his buffalo's sadistic instinct"
-foureye eventually kills the buffalo; defeats communism/ escapes re-education

How innocent people might be sacrificed for the freedom of others

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"three red spots" (blood spots)- represents the three main characters -> stains, violent, dangerous

"the headman's breath smelt of decay"- corrupt government system

headman is still selfish and not entirely loyal to the system

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The OldMiller's Story
-to show how "ridiculous" the three main characters were from others' perspectives
-Local villager
-old generation lens: surprised to see such thing

Luo
-How he feels proud for molding the little seamstress
-City/civilized lens

Little Seamstress
-Country lens
symbolism of scar?
-was influenced by Luo
-a lot less innocent and sweet than she appears to be
-shows how 'deep' she is, because the narrator normally doesn't mention it since she is objectified

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-dangerous; foreign
-molding art
-people will do anything to obtain art
-corrupting force
-can take away innocence
-set a person free
-ironic, because the little seamstress sets her free from Luo and narrator

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How does Fu Gui in To Live respond to death?

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Introduction

Background of the film

the 5 stages of grief

Stage 1- denial
Father's death

stage 2- anger
YouQing's death

stage 3- bargaining

stage 4- depression
-young jia zhen
-feng xia
was bullied but doesnt fight back
is physically mute so can't argue
-Chun sheng
very pure, has good intentions
scared during war
commits suicide

stage 5- acceptance
-old aged Fu Gui
withstood many deaths
-middle aged jia zhen
never left fu gui and accepted sons death

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Young Fu Gui
-denies the fact that he is losing their family's money to Jia Zhen
-denies that he has lost all of his land

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Middle aged fugui
-when son disobeys him
-when son dies

Youqing
-takes revenge for his sister

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Middle aged Jia Zhen
-ignoring Chun Sheng
-broken when Feng Xia died

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Old Fu Gui
-was more calm in Feng Xia's death
-accepted Chun Sheng's apology
-followed the party's rules
-'numbed'?

Middle aged- old Jia Zhen
-accepting Chun Sheng's apology after many years
-accepting her illness
-accepting the death of her daughter

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Global Issue- how easily money and power can corrupt a person
Text- YAH
Reference Texts- Humble,

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We need to come together because we are all "Negros" and have a common enemy

Allusions to other revolutions- there will be blood shed
-but you guys are cowards
-but you will fight for the white people when they force you
-yet you are too scared to fight for your own people (references Birmingham Alabama Church bombing)

Black vs Negro revolution

House Negro- white-washed
-thinks that by sticking up to his master, he will be accepted more into society
-feels more privileged than the rest of the black community; doesn't want competition
-let your mind in Africa- lost his identity

Not 'our's, because America won't even give us jobs; not representative

Gut-eater- shit-eater; willing to take crap from white people

Field Negro- a lot more

Pan-African- aren't necessarily African, but is seen as a concept

Uncle Tom- a black man considered to be excessively obedient or servile to white people
-Martin Luther King

"singin" vs "swingin"- rhyme
-contrast between peaceful and violent revolutions

"you've got blood running down your jaw"- even though you are using peaceful protest, you are still being hurt
-Martin Luther King actually announced that they were going to protest because they want the media to come see
-Yet nothing changed

Revolution based on land, because black people need wealth and land to gain status to get equality with white people

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Bulzac
1. What role does clothing play in terms of status and gender?
2. What role do western technology play?
3. What does the bull symbolize in terms of freedom?
4. How is the corrupted government portrayed?

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Karma 

Conformity

Gender Inequality 

Women's rights
-sex before marriage
-abortion 

old and young people
-disrespecting elders
-but the more experienced elders are the ones enabling the younger generation to do the things they do

How people just do things for "presentation" but not actually meaning it

People not addressing serious issues

Art's influence
-governments molding peasants like art
-the power of art and government's need to manipulate and control it

Themes
-Loyalty/ Betrayal 

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Same time period as the Chinese propaganda posters

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Malcolm X
1. How does Malcolm X use analogies to convey his perspectives and ideas?
2. How is the idea of the house nigger and field nigger used to reinforce Malcolm's argument?
3. How does Malcolm X reinforce his arguments that they should take action instead of waiting for their government?

American born Chinese
1. How is Jin's battle with racial self hatred portrayed throughout the book?

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Racial Self hatred
Benign- teacher
Direct/harmful- students

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Asians avoiding each other

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Timmy- unibrow, toxic masculinity (army tags and pants)

Suzy- looks worried and sympathetic at first but looks away after seeing the other students' (dominant characters) reactions

Gregory- feels sorry for asians but he can't act on it because he doesn't want to be marginalized as well; becomes more 'white' towards the end but also he won't take action until it affects him, which is why he was so harsh and racist towards the end when he told Jin that he couldn't hang out with Amelia

Danny- who Jin wants to be and who is actually on the inside

Chin-kee- who Jin doesn't want to become and doesn't want others to view him as; also the side of Jin that likes Chinese culture

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Page 29 "It's easy to become anything you wish... so long as you're willing to forfeit your soul"

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Chin-Kee -> a sitcom show (clap clap clap, ha ha ha) page 43
- hides the fact that they're racist

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"don't get yer panties in a bunch, Greg! Little pansy-boy" page 33
real men bully others; panties -> girl, pansy -> flower, boy -> younger

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Chin-kee
-skin color
-appearance
-take out
-spitting
-accent
-bad smell
-clothing-wise
-smart

Jin
-bowl cut
-food
-passive 吃苦

Others
-dog eating
-buck teeth

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23-25
where ever the child moves, he's always playing with things he is presented with and mother is always working in the background

however, at the last part, the mother stops to look at the child when he starts to read books
-foreshadows how Jin was going to be influenced by his surrounding
-implies how the parents think that moving out of chinatown is a better choice because they want to fit into society more as well

26
representative of stereotypical Chinese children

28-29
foreshadows later when jin transforms to Danny

herbalist's wife's words are a global issue itself

click clack click clack- the heaviness of the words

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transformers (motif)- childhood and asian-ness

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eyebrows centered and lowered-> annoyed
doesn't believe him
wants to but obstacles between him and wei chan because doesn't want to be associated to asian-ness

contrast (38)
multiple boys playing (movement) vs weichan and jin standing and sitting

39- long panel usually only has Jin and has dark colors, but now weichan is also here and it's brighter because they now have each other

Parallel between Weichan and Jin

Foreshadowing that weichan's transformer transforms into a monkey
Apologizes indirectly in 39 by trying to spark up apology and talking in Chinese

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global issue- monkey king has all the disciplines to become a deity, but just because he is a monkey, he is unable to get it -> in society some races have to work harder to achieve the same things as others

11
uses Chinese characters -> embracing identity

in the three panels of 12, he travels a great distance and waits a long line  just to enjoy the dinner party and he looks truly happy in the very end

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Jin fights his Chinese stereotypes
Chin-kee's hair looks like the ball and chain that kept Jin trapped because Jin was stuck in the Chinese stereotype (allusion)

211
Chin-kee looks like a rat and looks pure evil
212
Jin finally punches it off
213-214
both shift to their original form
221
Chin-kee's face can be contrasted to 211 -> looks like he is now at peace and happy, looks slightly less stereotypical

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global issue- how some are discriminated against by their race only and not by who they are

the shoes were just an excuse to keep the monkey king from joining the party

monkey king becomes more and more frustrated as more dialogue is bolded and the background red becomes more and more intense

panel in page 15 shows how everyone is laughing at him and mocking him
-the filled HAHAHAH
-pointing
-> everyone is laughing AT him
-monkey king isn't part of the panel: not important
-monkey king's panic: looking towards them, gritted teeth, ears are a part of it

14
"you haven't any shoes" foreshadows page 160 when he takes off his shoes -> accepted himself

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Panels-
Global issue-
• How those who are suppressed begin to suppress those who are even weaker to gain respect
• No matter what one does, he/she cannot escape their ethnicity

Tall panel -> puts emphasis on how cruel and arrogant he was
Reverse: switch between Tze-yo-tzuh and monkey king’s dialogue
Three aligned panels: Tze-yo-tzuh’s calmness/remark -> monkey king’s anger and response
->Bigger panel to show monkey king’s increase in size

Caricature-
Small eyes and no eyebrows = surprised and slightly taken aback by how much bigger Tze-yo-tzuh was
Monkey king: straight brows, squinted eyes, gritted teeth -> arrogant, anger, and disrespectfulness
Tze-yo-tzuh: Eyebrows slanted upwards, “happy” eyes -> calm and collected, never shocked

Dialogue- Use of punctation and bold = shouting to convey anger or fear

Sound effect- “twak!” -> how hard he’s hitting her

Background color changes -> intensifies as he becomes angered

68- "little monkey, where does your anger come from?" "I am not-" readers thought he would say angry, but instead he says "a monkey", because that's all that he focuses on

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the moment he becomes danny, he wants to beat of chin-kee, hates chinese stereotypes

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lack of borders and speech bubbles -> realization of self

was talking to him, but monkey king just hears a voice directed at him and isn't aware of who is speaking

strip of monkey king making same face: super shocked (5 pictures to five fingers) -> goes to next page= how unaware he is of his surroundings

then the readers see his surroundings reappear = shock and anger fading away

doesn't respect heritage

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Global Issue- how the relationship and bond between family members are gradually disappearing
Text- Gordan Park photo of black woman and white child

Individual
-the real mother of the child disregards the child

Whole

World connections
-increase use of baby sitters and nannies
-independent children
-neglected children

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Global Issue- how stereotypes often end up dehumanizing certain races

Text: ABC and vogue covers
ABC- Chin-kee's characteristics (211)
Cover- lebron james

Global Issue- how suppressed individuals choose abandon their ethnicity and become "white" in order to conform to society as much as possible. (racial self-hatred)

Text: ABC and Malcolm X
ABC- Jin (193-194)
Malcolm X- house n*gga (message to the grass roots page10line21 - page12line7)

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Global Issue- how under suppression, many would decide to conform to society and abandon their cultural identity

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Literary
-malcome X
-brent staples
-balzac
-DAMN
-American Born Chinese

Non-literary
-uncle roger
-chris rock
-gordan park
-to live
-ebony or vogue covers
--American Born Chinese

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Big reveal
the laughing and clapping is from him: his insecurities
when he was jin, there was practically no "ha ha ha" or "clap clap clap"

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passing on anger
what greg told jin

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Domestic Labor
"but there was so little to show for it, Nora!" (152)- Helmer telling Nora that she is useless after all the work she does

Objectifying Women
-Using names linked with being a cute pet, etc
page 152-  Was bored when Nora was working because he wants her to be there to entertain him

154- Mrs Linde didn't marry a man she loved and he didn't leave her anything when he died

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both physical and emotional work for the family

she knows that he only likes her because she is pretty

she is the one in control in reality

very self centered

naive (bottom of 175)- thinks law can be broken with circumstances

defenseless

loves family

toss head/throw head => i can do this; i won't let this affect me

seen as a 'pet' that performs tricks

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
221-223 -> is more mature, has less stage directions, still and calm, stares into distance

sacrifices herself just like Christine did

225 = equal conversation

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can't stand sickness/illness

wants everything to be perfect on the surface

wants high position

self centered and has pride- 189- your anxiety is rather insulting

214- mansplaining + sexist + racist
not walking her home
talks behind her back

215- makes her have sex with him

216 two faced

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Not many options for women if they don't get married
-Governess
-Artists/performances- gets shunned because they are showy, not respected

Wives
-are working all day but don't get 'paid'

-poor women work so that privileged women don't have to
-very low salary because it wasn't a 'real' job
-when females joined a profession, the wages begin to drop

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verbal irony "it certainly is" (162)
mrs linde has never been 'beautifully dressed', so she actually doesn't know

dramatic irony "worst of all, telling me a lie!" (177), Torvald doesn't know that Nora has been lying for the past five years

page 175- dramatic irony
"I can't believe you're so cold-blooded" -> but it is torvald who is more cold-blooded

page 179

Page 182- dramatic irony
"but nanny, I can't be with them like I used to... do you think they'd forget their Mamma if she went away altogether"

page 186 and 189- dramatic irony
"No, it isn't that, Torvald - it's for your own sake. The man writes for the most scurrilous newspapers - you told me so yourself - there's no knowing what harm he could do you. I'm simply frightened to death of him"

190- verbal irony
"you can be quite sure that I shall have the necessary courage and strength. You'll see that I'm man enough to take i all on myself"
"we'll share it as man and wife"- not balanced relationship

203-dramatic irony
"criticize me, and show me where I'm wrong, the way you always do"

204- dramatic irony
"but, Nora darling, you're dancing as if your life depended on it!" "So it does." -> it actually does to some extent

205- verbal irony
"then you'll be free" -> she's going to leave, considering killing herself

224- ironic
"Nora, you frighten me- I don't understand you"
he frightened her from  before
they don't understand each other

227- "you blind inexperienced creature"- but she is finally 'seeing' and realizing everything

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corruption = sickness
can spread
is invisible
eventually kill you

She is a doll, because she is expected to entertain
-she has to dress up

When Nora can't get emotional warmth from Torvald, she steps closer to the stove to get physical warmth

Nora lights up the Christmas tree because she wants their family to be happy

The description of the stage at the start of act two contrasts hugely to act one; it is much more cold and gloomy: stripped Christmas tree (no festive feeling), burnt out candle (no warmth; she is the one who lit the tree, her hopes of having a perfect family and getting away with it is burning out), a mess (symbolic and foreshadows Nora's future)

page 181
-the dress torvald liked is in a "terrible state" and nova saying "i should like to tear it all to pieces" => their marriage and relationship
-"in this awful weather? You'll catch your death of cold..." Nora says "well, there are worse things than that". There are worse things that her emotions being cold and gloomy because if her family leaves her, she'll have eternal coldness

page 181-182
women are trapped in the house
nora wants to leave the stress and pressure

217-218
Nora lights Dr. Rank's cigar because she's the light in his life
"thank you for the light"

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Fulfilling own potential; finding out capabilities

There is no victim or villan

Children are punished on the sins of their parents
-Krogstad's reputation affects his son's opportunities
-Dr. Rank's father got siphilus from mistresses and passed it down to him

Men have to work and women have to entertain them

How unforgiving society is

Reputation effects opportunity

Poverty effects options/opportunities/chances

How women have to depend on men and get married; objectification of women

Women are torn between responsibilities

Household responsibility split

Society doesn't only destroy women's life, but men's too (209): Mrs Linde had broken Krogstad's heart for him to stop loving her

Problem stems from money
-leaving children (nanny)
-disobey law
-lie/ cheat
-marry specific men
-work, etc

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217- "as long as you don't have to pay for it in the morning" -both hangover and relationship

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First Wave
I am human

Second Wave
Human potential

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"Everyone"'s beautiful

Size- has more ordinary people
like news report
-implies some statistics
-objectifying- camera zooms in on their flaws; this contrasts to when the camera zooms out and they feel more comfortable
-sounds more cautious, uncomfortable, and tentative -> making statements

Campaign for real beauty
-there should be a checkmark; gives chance for them to be flaws
-address not enough issues
-stereotypical flaws when in reality, they shouldn't be flaws
-people are actually pretty

Actual Ads
-indians look like americans even though they are celebrating Indian's independence day
-all pretty
-middleclass/ rich
-want to convince others that they are ordinary people (name, occupation, 'no digital edits')
-want audience to think that they have dry and damaged hair, makes them self-conscious
-think, shiny, long hair
-small font for things that they don't want audience to notice
-red tags -> catches attention
-“seven times smoother hair in just one wash* *versus using non-conditoning shampoo", for dove advanced moisture shampoo and conditioner
-new, sounds more technological advanced

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Fulfilling own potential; finding out capabilities

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Men should get this to be even better

Women should get this because you are not good enough

Women run errands and complete chores that men don't even notice

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-Ego; we want to feel good about ourselves
-Validation
-Bandwagon
-Religions
-Desires
-Emotion
-Fears; reassures that buying them will suppress or reduce their fears
-Convenience; there's an easier way out
-Value; better deal
-Status; buying smth shows your status

Either associate their products with
-good things (illusion that empowers you)
-or the removal of bad things

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Third wave
One person a part of many different identities (privileges and prejudices)

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Equity feminism- everyone is equal
Gender feminism- women are better in some categories (what has led to backlash)

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Rights to vote

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not just housewife
equal pay and access

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women should be allowed to choose freely
-disabled women -> sex objects
-be girly
-lesbians
-black women

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making herself more vulnerable and imperfect- I know a lot about feminism and am really committed, but I feel as if I'm not a good one -> audience will feel reassured and feel like they belong

List= being a women and/or feminist is restrictive

triples and crescendo- how ridiculous it is

Ethos- hypocrisy (women saying some other women can't be feminists)
-one suggests that one's look is related to being a feminist

start off with Su, who isn't famous, to show that every women can be like Su

there's a tension, because if u want to be girly, feminists will reject you, if u are a feminist, society will reject you

feminism is similar to sexism

feminism should be more open and inclusive

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Speaker- Fa; father/steinback
-sensitive
-respects women
-close relationship
Audience- son; Thom Steinback (20-30)
Text type- Private letter
Occasion- son had mailed father on how he has fallen in love (serious, not puppy love) and wants his family to meet Susan (dating but wants to marry) for either Thanksgiving or Christmas (official)
Purpose- reassurance, encouragement, give support, embrace relationship, go for it; gives advice on how to treat the girl well; don't be afraid of rejection

*not in order
P1: Characterization of John Steinback
-tone
-not sexist
-understanding

P2: Relationship with son
-trusts him (son); supportive and encouraging; doesn't even ask about Susan, trusts his judgement

P3: Message: his values and beliefs
-comparison between to two types (diction shift)
-ethos
-right kind of love
-believes son is capable of the good love
-no orders, only advices