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Throughout the protest from students and concerns with full tuition some colleges have announced they would consider a cut in tuition. However, many colleges have said students must pay the full tuition.

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Before students started protesting it all started on social media, on tweet got a million likes and it grew since then. For awhile it was only students who were voicing their opinions before Williams College decided to make a change and cut tuition significantly for their students.

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Most U.S. universities are returning to online learning in their fall schedules as the coronavirus pandemic continues, and students are challenging paying full tuition.

Many universities are operating hybrid models - combining courses in person and courses online - while others are remaining online only for the 2020-2021 academic year.

As of July 29, 23.5% of nearly 3,000 U.S. universities and colleges are planning for fully in-person or primarily in-person classes, 14% are proposing hybrid models, and 30% are planning for a fully online or primarily online fall semester, according to data from The Chronicle of Higher Education and Davidson College's College Crisis Initiative.

The abrupt shift to virtual learning this spring proved to be a challenge for students, professors and faculty.

Many students protested the quality of online classes during the spring semester, noting difficulty in retaining information and a lack of fair access in areas where internet connections are not reliable or high-speed.
Tuition reduction
Students have asked universities for reduced tuition in exchange for online courses.

"Universities should not be allowed to charge students full price for remote learning!" tweeted Khalib Owen, a junior at the University of the Arts in Center City, Philadelphia.

UNIVERSITIES SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO CHARGE STUDENTS FULL PRICE FOR REMOTE LEARNING !!!!!!!
- Godiva ☭ (@leebyyy) June 30, 2020

Owen's tweet garnered over 1 million likes and over 240,000 retweets, with thousands of students sharing their viewpoints in the comment section and some attaching petitions to lower tuition costs for their universities.

Institutions such as Dartmouth College, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst continue to charge full tuition.

Meanwhile, Williams College announced a major tuition cut.

The president of Williams announced on the university website that it would reduce its comprehensive fee, which includes tuition, room and board, by 15% for the 2020-2021 academic year. This makes the 2020-2021 comprehensive, or published, fee $63,200, while the 2019-2020 comprehensive fee was $72,270.

"This reduction recognizes the fact that the pandemic and associated challenges are requiring us to cancel Winter Study as well as fall athletics competition and many student activities, among other opportunities that we usually encourage families to expect as part of their student's education," the letter said.

Princeton University also announced a 10% discount to tuition for all undergraduate students during 2020-2021, according to its website. The university said all undergraduate education would be fully remote for the fall semester on Aug. 7.

Both Williams and Princeton did not charge activities fees for the 2020-2021 academic year.

Georgetown University also announced a 10% reduction for students who are not invited to live on campus. Students invited back to campus will be charged the previously announced tuition for the fall, but housing and dining charges will be reduced by 20% "to count for the shorter length of the semester."

John Hopkins University announced a 10% decrease for undergraduate tuition following a semester change to fully online classes.

Meanwhile, the University of Michigan, the University of Southern California and Northwestern University have hiked their tuition 1.9%, 3.4% and 3.5% respectively because of financial losses during the pandemic.

Students have disapproved of the increases and have sent the universities online petitions or open letters.

"Not only is @UMich demanding students pay full tuition for a semester that will be mainly remote, but they've also proposed a tuition hike. ... In what world is this giving "all individuals an equal opportunity to thrive" as @DrMarkSchlissel stated his mission was for DEI?" tweeted Ruqayya Ahmad, a master's degree candidate at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan.

not only is @UMich demanding students pay full tuition for a semester that will be mainly remote, but they've also proposed a tuition hike... in what world is this giving "all individuals an equal opportunity to thrive" as @DrMarkSchlissel stated his mission was for DEI?
- Ruqayya (@ruqayyya) June 29, 2020

Graduate students at Johns Hopkins University's Krieger School of Arts & Sciences are also petitioning for rollbacks.
Lawsuits
Some students have taken legal action.

Harvard University law student Abraham Barkhordar sued the university over tuition prices, as classes remain online for the fall semester.

"I decided to sue Harvard because while they did make some effort ... the first semester we were online to mitigate things, they just have not lowered tuition," he told ABC News in an interview.

Several students, including those at Brown University, Georgetown University and Emory University, have filed class action lawsuits seeking reimbursement for the spring semester.
WATCH: US Students File Lawsuits
Master's candidates at New York University Stern School of Business are protesting a 3.5% tuition hike and are asking for a 5% to 10% reduction because of the shift to remote education.

Students are also considering taking off the fall semester if classes go remote.

In a survey by the Yale Daily News, 52.8% of respondents said they would "likely or definitely" take a leave of absence if the semester was fully online. Twenty-six percent said they would "likely or definitely" take a leave of absence if the semester was to follow a hybrid semester format.

"If fall is online I might have to take a semester off because I can't do this again," tweeted Grace Pauly, a junior at Florida State University.

If fall is online I might have to take a semester off cause I can't do this again.
- g baby (@gracempauly) July 6, 2020

Students abroad are also taking action, demanding refunds or reductions for the fall.

In South Korea, numerous universities filed a class action lawsuit against the Ministry of Education, demanding partial refunds because of learning disruptions during the pandemic.

The National University Student Council created a student group called the Movement for Tuition Refunds, where an estimated 3,500 students from 42 universities have participated in the lawsuit, according to local news sources.

After student protests and meetings with student leaders, Konkuk University, a private university in Seoul, became the first institution to enact a partial refund. The university agreed to an 8.3% cut in tuition for the fall semester, according to the Yonhap News Agency.

JeonBuk National University in Jeonju became the first national university to refund 10% of spring semester tuition, according to YTN. The Korean Council for University Education announced that almost 40% of universities in South Korea will partially refund tuition fees.

In the Philippines, the National Union of Students of the Philippines called for the Philippines Department of Education to reject tuition hike applications.

"But for the National Union of Students of the Philippines, the broadest and longest existing alliance of student councils in the country, no tuition and other fees increase will be reasonable while ordinary Filipinos are suffering from the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic," read a statement from the NUSP.

Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Canada, also drew disapproval from students because of its tuition hike, especially for international students.

International tuition for the engineering school rose by almost 13%, and international students explained they feel like "cash cows" because of the hike, according to CBC News.
Tuition freeze
Some universities have frozen tuition fees or have created COVID-19 relief funds and scholarships to assist with financial needs for students.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology is freezing tuition despite an earlier hike and is offering a $5,000 grant to all undergraduate students to offset their annual costs. All undergraduate students will also be offered at least one semester of a paid research, teaching or service opportunity, carrying a stipend of up to $1,900.

All Minnesota state colleges and universities said they would freeze tuition fees for fall, keeping rates at the same level charged for the previous fiscal year.

The University of Maryland also announced a freeze for tuition, room and board for the 2020-2021 academic year.

The College of William & Mary initially adopted a 3% tuition increase for incoming in-state undergraduates but rolled back on their decision and ensured that all tuition and mandatory fees stay flat.

Tufts University has a COVID-19 Emergency Fund of which dependent students can receive up to $1,000 and independent students $1,800.

Duke University announced three kinds of COVID-19 relief funds, with seed funding of $9 million from the university to provide assistance for members of the university and local communities.

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Students Protest Tuition Hikes as Universities Continue Online

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Most U.S. universities are returning to online learning in their fall schedules as the coronavirus pandemic continues, and students are challenging paying full tuition. Many universities are operating hybrid models - combining courses in person and courses online - while others are remaining online only for the 2020-2021 academic year.

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College students rebel against full tuition as coronavirus cripples schools

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Throughout history people including students have taken action and fought for what was right/ what they believed in. Students have been a big part of protesting during this time because they have a voice on social media and can bring each other together to start a movement.

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After college campuses closed this past spring, many students were losing money and their housing on campus. Kelly Garcia is one of the student activists of DePaul University, and she said, "Time and time again, students have proved that when they are at the forefront of confronting institutional oppression, effective change can happen."

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Students are making petitions for lowering the tuition fees they have to pay since they must do school online this fall. Shreya Patel, the girl who was running the petition, was able to get over 30,000 people to sign and was able to start a movement for other college students who are concerned with paying full tuition this year.

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NEW YORK CITY (CNN) - A lot of college students won't be back in the classroom this fall. So should they still have to pay full tuition? Some colleges don't think so and they're cutting fees or tuition. But as CNN's Bianna Golodryga reports, many colleges are too cash-strapped themselves to make offers like that.

When Rugters University student Shreya Patel launched her petition to lower tuition fees in July, the New Jersey university had just announced that most of its fall classes would be conducted online.

"So we kind of find out on their website on their frequently asked questions and said will we be getting a refund? And they said no," Patel said. "It just doesn't make sense to be paying such a high amount for something that not being used to the full advantage."

Nearly 31,000 signatures later, she's created a movement for other frustrated students like Janani Subramanian. "So, I think the biggest thing is a lack of transparency," she said. "We don't know where this money is going."

The pressure from nearly half of the student body ultimately led the school to cut campus fees for the semester by 15%. Not enough, said Janani. "Tuition reduction would be great, but there's fees are what we are paying for and if we're not going to be here, what's the point?"

Experts like Scott Galloway, himself a university professor, believes students are right to be outraged. "Universities have backed themselves into a corner," he said. "And that is, we have raised tuition on average two and a half fold over the last 20 years."

More than 75% of the country's 5,000 colleges and universities are expected to be partially or fully online this fall and some are joining Rutgers in discounting fees.

Williams College is dropping tuition by 15%. Johns Hopkins, Princeton, Georgetown, Spelman, and Clark Atlanta University are cutting tuition by 10% while other schools such as USC offer their students living at home grants for those choosing to study at home.

American Council on Education Senior VP Terry Hartle said, "Interestingly enough, some students will be in residence halls at the campus but their courses will be online."

But the majority of schools, from state schools like Temple University and the University of Massachusetts system, to elite private schools like Harvard and Stanford, are keeping tuition as is.

When Hartle was asked if he was surprised that we haven't seen more offer even a small tuition reduction, he replied, "I think universities have handled this about as well as they could possibly have handled it. Universities have to balance their budgets."

Hartle, an advocate for higher education, said ever since COVID-19, universities have lost millions. "Every institution of higher education in the country has suffered losses," he said. "Room and board, the international students, the hotel, the bookstore. All of those have just largely disappeared."

Experts also say higher education institutions are better equipped for online learning than K-12 schools, which could help drive down tuition costs.

NYU Business Professor Scott Galloway said, "It is time to lower costs and move education back to what it used to be."

But millions of college students, like Shreya, still feel deprived of campus life and depleted in their bank account. "I don't think the financial well-being of a billion-dollar institution should be compared to students who are severely struggling," she explained.

The American Council on Education, a higher education trade group, put colleges' losses in the spring at $46.6 billion.
Copyright 2020 California-Oregon Broadcasting, Inc.

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College students protest full tuition for online classes | KMVU Fox 26 Medford

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NEW YORK CITY (CNN) - A lot of college students won't be back in the classroom this fall. So should they still have to pay full tuition? Some colleges don't think so and they're cutting fees or tuition. But as CNN's Bianna Golodryga reports, many colleges are too cash-strapped themselves to make offers like that.

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Students are being sent home to do their classes online but they are still expected to pay their tuition. Students are arguing thta they're not getting the same quality teaching they were paying for.

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This article shows another reason for how the online version of college is affecting students. Students don't want to pay full tuition for their school when they are now stuck online and their mental health is being impacted.

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A mental health study done on over 8,000 individuals found that college students were the most affected by the novel coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown.

Conducted by YourDost, an online mental health platform, the study found that the second worst-affected segment of people was working professionals. They were not affected at the beginning of lockdown, but were severely hit with a drastic deterioration in feelings of anxiety, anger and loneliness.

The study compiled and analysed data from a survey done at the beginning of the coronavirus lockdown and another in June at the beginning of 'Unlock 1.0'. It also included data from individual sessions with experts on the YourDost platform.

Students recorded a six-per-cent increase in the emotions of anger and irritability at the beginning of the restrictions and a 13-per-cent increase in the emotions of loneliness and boredom. according to the study.

As the lockdown progressed, students continued to be the worst-hit emotionally, reporting the highest net deterioration in their emotions, particularly in terms of their anger, anxiety, loneliness, hopelessness, and happiness.

The study showed a significant deterioration in emotions through several categories.

"Students registered 41 per cent increase in emotions of anxiety/fear/worry, 54 per cent increase in anger/irritability/frustration, 27 per cent in hopelessness, sense of sadness was increased by 17 per cent, and 38 per cent increase in the feeling of loneliness/boredom," it noted.

At the beginning of the coronavirus restrictions, the student respondents of the study registered a one per cent increase in their sense of happiness. However, the feeling of joy went down by 15 per cent as the lockdown progressed.

The report also found that the change in the mental stage of students was also affected by facing difficulties in adjusting to life at home.

"They miss college, they miss their peers and they miss the string of activities that keep happening on campus. Most of all, they report difficulty in reconnecting with their parents which has caused them to feel severely frustrated. They also report a 'loss of freedom' with their parents around," it read.

While the reason for students' falling emotional state was mostly being confined to homes, working professionals were troubled by the uncertainty and a feeling of "what's next?"

"Working professionals registered 41 per cent increase in emotions of anxiety/fear/worry, 34 per cent increase in anger/irritability/frustration, 17 per cent in hopelessness, the feeling of sadness was increased by 18 per cent and the sense of loneliness/boredom increased by 26 per cent," the report noted.

Many reported feeling anxious, frustrated and bored from being stuck at home and the consequent lack of social interactions. These feelings are further exacerbated by the sudden change in lifestyle that many working professionals are still struggling to come to terms with, according to the study.

"The uncertainty and a feeling of 'What's next?' seems to be particularly dominant and distressing for many working professionals," it said.

The study also found that at the beginning of the lockdown, a total of 33 per cent respondents were highly stressed and 51 per cent said they were moderately stressed. However, the stress levels of Indians rose significantly over the course of the next two months.

Over a period from 'Lockdown 1.0' on March 25 to 'Unlock 1.0' on June 7, 55 per cent of the respondents reported an increase in their stress levels, the study said.

Sleep quality continued to deteriorate for most, with a net change up to 11 per cent. Indians experienced a drastic increase in emotional outbursts with a net change of up to 22 per cent, the report said.

However, it was not all negative as the lockdown extended.

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College students' mental health worst-hit by COVID lockdown: Study

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A mental health study done on over 8,000 individuals found that college students were the most affected by the novel coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown. Conducted by YourDost, an online mental health platform, the study found that the second worst-affected segment of people was working professionals.

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College students rebelling against full tuition

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College students rebelling against full tuition

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From riots over butter to protests against tuition increases, student activists have spoken out for centuries. In fact, campus activism has played a major role in shaping higher education itself. Generations of students have pushed for colleges to end discriminatory policies, increase campus safety, and improve student life.

Today's challenges - the rising cost of college, racial injustice, and higher education's COVID-19 response - are also driving students to mobilize.

College students are more active than ever before, successfully fighting against tuition increases and for more equitable campus policies.

In the past decade, the U.S. has witnessed a "renaissance of student activism," as described by The Atlantic. College students are more active than ever before, successfully fighting against tuition increases and for more equitable campus policies.

With a new crisis threatening higher education, what lessons does the history of student activism hold for the future?

Student Protests Throughout History

In 1507, the professors at the University of Padua canceled student vacations for the celebration of Carnevale - the 16th-century equivalent of spring break. Instead of partying in Venice, students were told to attend lectures on Aristotle. In response, the students rioted, destroying lecture halls and attacking faculty members to vent their rage.

This early form of student activism apparently worked - or at least, schools didn't try to cancel spring break again.

For centuries, student life has been a flash-point of campus activism. Only two years after the founding of Harvard College, the first class of students protested against President Nathaniel Eaton for his leadership. Specifically, they objected to Eaton's practice of beating students as a form of discipline.

Eaton's wife, charged with feeding the students, also faced scrutiny for her practice of serving "mackerel ... with their guts in them, and goat's dung in [the] hasty pudding." In 1639, the students successfully pushed the Eatons out in a court case.

In the Harvard Butter Rebellion of 1766, food once more became the defining issue in campus activism. Upperclassman Asa Dunbar sparked the rebellion when he leapt upon his chair in the dining hall and shouted, "Behold, our butter stinketh! Give us, therefore, butter that stinketh not."

In response, students boycotted Harvard's dining hall until the university's president suspended half of the student body.

The Fight for Civil Rights on College Campuses

Student activists have also successfully tackled more serious issues like discrimination and equity.

Until the 20th century, many American colleges and universities enrolled only white male students. Student activists pushed colleges and universities to increase campus diversity and protect members of the school community from discrimination.

Take the civil rights movement of the 1960s, in which college students protested segregation and marched for civil rights. In 1960, four black students from North Carolina A&T State University held a sit-in at a "whites only" lunch counter, an act that inspired thousands of students to join the civil rights movement.

Off campus, college students registered black voters and marched on Washington; they also pushed for changes to campus policies.

Until the 20th century, many American colleges and universities enrolled only white male students.

During the height of student activism in the 1960s, a 1968 survey found that nearly 1 in 5 student protests demanded an end to racial discrimination on campus.

In addition to pushing for anti-discrimination policies, student activists have changed what colleges teach. At San Francisco State University, anti-racism activists in 1968 successfully pressured the administration to establish the country's first African American studies department.

UCLA students took a similar approach in 1993, using activism to push the university to create a Chicano/a studies department.

In the wake of the #BlackLivesMatter movement, activists fought for equity and nondiscrimination policies. At the University of Missouri in 2015, black students stood up against the administration's failure to stop racial hostility on campus and create an inclusive environment for students of color.

A group known as Concerned Student 1950 - the year the University of Missouri first admitted black students - put forth a list of demands, which included the resignation of President Tim Wolfe, more black faculty and staff, and a role for students in selecting future presidents and chancellors.

The activists' peaceful protests, such as blocking Wolfe's car during a homecoming parade, ultimately succeeded: Wolfe resigned, and the University of Missouri hired its first chief diversity, equity, and inclusion officer.

Students Protest Administrative Policies

In the modern era, student activists demanded a voice in institutional decisions. But first, activists had to convince colleges not to treat them like children.

Before the 1960s, colleges actively governed students' lives. Under the doctrine of in loco parentis, a Latin phrase meaning "in the place of the parent," colleges acted as parents toward students.

This policy might have made sense in the colonial era, when children as young as 12 enrolled at colleges, but in the 19th and 20th centuries, student activists readily attacked the notion that colleges should control their lives.

Student activists protested these restrictions on their freedoms, which included curfews, limits on freedom of speech, and "character-building" policies. For example, in the 1860s, Wheaton College suspended a student because he joined a secret society.

After decades of student protests against the in loco parentis policy, activists finally secured a victory in the 1960s. When Alabama State College (now Alabama State University) expelled black students for a civil rights demonstration, the students sued.

The case reached the U.S. Supreme Court in Dixon v. Alabama (1961), which eliminated the in loco parentis doctrine and upheld the idea that colleges could not violate the constitutional rights of their students.

Student activists protested ... curfews, limits on freedom of speech, and "character-building" policies.

Since the 1960s, student activists like those at the University of Missouri have demanded a voice in administrative decisions.

For example, recent campus activism has focused on institutional policies and administrative leadership. In 2012, students at Purdue University protested after the board of trustees named Republican Governor Mitch Daniels president. Two years later, Florida State University students protested the appointment of Republican politician John Thrasher as their school president.

In 2015, MFA students at the University of Southern California dropped out of the program to protest administrative changes.

Campus activists have even fought for the staff who keep colleges running. In the 2000s, activists at the University of Miami and Georgetown University called for higher pay for the schools' janitors. Tufts University students went on a hunger strike to protest janitor layoffs in 2015.

Students have also demanded a say in their institution's response to social issues. During the Vietnam War, anti-war protestors pushed many universities to limit on-campus recruitment. In 1969 at Harvard, 10,000 students went on strike, pressuring the school to downgrade the ROTC program.

Similarly, student activists in the 1980s marched against apartheid in South Africa, demanding that universities cut all ties to the country. At Columbia University, activists occupied an academic building for weeks until the university sold its stock in companies linked to South Africa. The group's success inspired protests at dozens of other schools.

The Push for Campus Safety

Campus activism has often focused on the issue of safety. From gun control groups to sexual assault activists, students have pushed institutions to protect people on campus.

In 1966, a shooter climbed the tower at the University of Texas at Austin and killed 17 people before police shot him. It was the first mass shooting on a college campus.

Fifty years later, Texas passed a law allowing concealed carry on college campuses. In response, a group of student activists rallied against the law in a protest known as Cocks Not Glocks. While state law permitted guns on campus, it banned sex toys ⁠- and campus protests pointed out the absurdity of this contradiction.

Rosie Zander, a UT Austin history major, argued, "We have crazy laws here but this is by far the craziest, that you can't bring a dildo on to campus legally but you can bring your gun."

In addition to activism around gun laws, students have fought for safer campuses in other ways. In 1972, students at the University of South Florida marched across campus demanding a safer campus for women. By the early 1980s, the idea had grown into annual Take Back the Night marches at campuses around the country.

In 2014, President Barack Obama pointed to an "inspiring wave of student-led activism" when he created a task force to stop sexual assault on college campuses.

Fighting Tuition Increases and Rising Costs

In response to the skyrocketing cost of college, students have protested tuition increases and pushed for the elimination of student debt.

[In 2015], the Million Student March brought together students from over 100 campuses across the country.

While tuition costs have soared in the past decade, student activists have protested tuition increases for much longer. In 1980, students at Tufts University protested a proposed $1,126 tuition increase.

Tuition for the University of California system more than doubled between 2007 and 2013. Students at the University of California, Santa Cruz, blocked a highway in 2015 to protest the tuition hike. In response, the university suspended activists for more than a year.

That same year, the Million Student March brought together students from over 100 campuses across the country. In a coordinated protest, students asked for free tuition at public universities and the elimination of student debt.

In 2019, activists petitioned UT Austin to cover the cost of tuition for low-income students. Within months, the university announced a new policy to cover tuition for anyone with an annual family income of less than $65,000.

By voicing concerns over tuition costs and exploitation, students have won important concessions from their schools.

"We can never underestimate the power we have in numbers," University Democrats President Joseph Cascino told The Daily Texan. "On a college campus and especially at UT, the intersectionality and various backgrounds of students makes us stronger as we all passionately advocate for change on a certain issue."

Graduate students have also pushed for unions to protest mistreatment by universities. As colleges increasingly rely on graduate teaching assistants to lead classes and grade assignments, graduate students demand a stronger voice.

In 2000, New York University graduate assistants filed a lawsuit to unionize and went on strike in 2005 after their contract expired. Later in 2016, Columbia graduate students voted to form a union and staged a strike after facing university resistance.

By voicing concerns over tuition costs and exploitation, students have won important concessions from their schools.

Student Activism in 2020 and Beyond

What does student activism look like today? In the early months of 2020, campus activists continued to focus on major issues, such as the cost of college and equity on campus. But the COVID-19 pandemic created a new urgency for student activists.

After colleges closed their campuses and moved to online courses, students began to demand tuition refunds, housing support, and academic concessions. As reported by Vox, activists have considered graduate strikes, boycotts, and refusing to pay tuition to pressure administrators.

Hundreds of University of Chicago undergraduates refused to pay spring-quarter tuition to push the school to reduce tuition and eliminate student fees. So far, they have successfully convinced administrators to freeze tuition rates for next year.

Students at The New School succeeded in asking their institution to speed up the process of refunding housing and meal plans. "Once students put pressure on [the school], they're able to quickly decide the course of action," senior Priscilla Gaona told Vox.

At the University of North Carolina, student activists asked for changes to graduation requirements and grading. And at Pomona College, administrators hastily evicted students from campus housing. Student activists then pressured the college to provide emergency housing for students in need.

"Time and time again, students have proved that when they are at the forefront of confronting institutional oppression, effective change can happen."

- Kelly Garcia, Student at DePaul University

The COVID-19 outbreak reveals "the institution's inability to provide us with what we need," said Mia Kagianas, former president of the Cal State Student Association. And across the country, student activists are loudly voicing their concerns.

Thanks to the work of generations of student activists, college students now have a much stronger role in shaping administrative policy and improving higher education.

The lessons from the history of student activism are clear: student activists are often most successful when they bring concrete, specific demands to their institutions. Campus activism has pushed colleges to fire problematic presidents and implement new policies that benefit marginalized students.

As DePaul University student activist Kelly Garcia said, "Time and time again, students have proved that when they are at the forefront of confronting institutional oppression, effective change can happen."

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A History of Student Activism and Protests | BestColleges

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From riots over butter to protests against tuition increases, student activists have spoken out for centuries. In fact, campus activism has played a major role in shaping higher education itself. Generations of students have pushed for colleges to end discriminatory policies, increase campus safety, and improve student life.