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Shaivism is one of the major Hinduism sects that praises the god Shiva. The tradition focuses on the prospect of Shiva being the creator, preserver, and destroyer of being. They praise Shiva as the supreme being in Hindu religion. The followers of Shaivism follow two distinct principles. The first is ahimsa which is the principal of not causing harm to any creature. Secondly, Shaivism followers do not eat meat and practice vegetarianism. They also follow bhakti which is the Hindu principle of fondness and devotion towards their god. You could attain Liberation/Moksha by praising and following Shiva just like any other god. There is also the attaining of liberation by relieving yourself of ignorance. The most important holiday to the Shaivism Sect of Hinduism is Maha Shivaratri. It is on the 14th night of the new moon in the Hindu month Phalgun. On this holiday, they fast during the day and offer sacred cow products to a Shivalingam like milk.

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The Smarta do have some sort of tendency to show a sort of preference for a singular god, which is usually Shiva, but they worship the 5 major gods Shiva, Vishnu, Shakti, Surya, and Ganesha. The way they worship is by directing it towards the  five shrines which represent the 5 gods mentioned. The Smarta adhere to the rules of ritual and of conduct laid down in the ancient sutra texts. In order to achieve moksha, most Smarta think they can get to that through jnana yoga alone. Smarta don't celebrate any holidays specific to their specific denomination but nonetheless they celebrate holidays like Janmashtami and such.

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Worshippers of Vaishnavism or, Vaishnavas, are Hindus just like Shaivites (Shiva worshippers), but as you have probably surmised, worship Vishnu instead. Vaishnavas don't particularly hate Shiva since that's against a true Vishnu devotees nature, however some Vaishnava avoid even mentioning Shiva to an extreme, or some believe Vishnu and Shiva are one in the same. Vaishnavas pray to Vishnu for various reasons, whether it's for health and prosperity in this life, good crops, success in business, or thriving children, or simply normal religious devotion. Vaishnavas also focus their worship on the ten incarnations of Vishnu. All aspects of life and living is considered a divine order and a spiritual practice. Staying in tune with one's dharma is the important part. In order to attain Moksha one must be in tune with God to perfect their existence. And finally, Vaishnavas, like most other Hindus, the Vaishnavas celebrate Deepavali, the Festival of Lights.

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Shaktism is one of the major Hindu denominations, the metaphysical reality is considered metaphorically a woman, with Shakti being the supreme godhead, although it includes man goddesses, all having some aspect of the same overhead god.
The priorities of this religion lie in the intense love of a god is much more complex than obeying whatever she commands, rather there is an emphasis on passionate love and a lasting relationship, much like the one seen between Radha and Krishna.
Practices include activities such as Yoga, Worship, and some sub-traditions of Shaktism include something called "Tantra" which refers to techniques in grammar involving certain elements of traditional kundalini yoga, this is usually practiced under the guidance of someone more experienced such as a guru.
Liberation occurs whenever someone fully comprehends the identity of their soul and the Brahman, the material, formal and final cause of all that exists.
A holiday celebrated amongst the followers is Lakshmi Puja (new moon day): where people celebrate by wearing new clothes or their best outfits as the evening ends the day, and mothers get recognized as they seem to embody an important aspect of Lakshmi. In general, the Shaktas celebrate mostly all major Hindu festivals as well as a variety of local or location-specific events.

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There are many commonalities between these 4 sects. All of them except for Smartism have their prospective deity as the main focus of their religion. Smartism focuses on the Brahman Principle which is the highest universal principle. All of the sects follow the Upanishads and the Vedas with Shaivism also following the Agamas. They all recommend or practice a monastic lifestyle which focuses on spirituality instead of worldly pursuits. One of the most important commonalities is the practice of Ahimsa which states that you cannot inflict harm upon any living being. Free will is also a widespread belief but it connects to the idea of karma which is based off of the free will granted to us.

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Hinduism was not originally a religion, therefore not having a single founder. This inherent freedom allows for the flow of multiple thoughts coherently existing besides one another, which leads to the multiple sects of Hinduism we have today. Hinduism believes in a single god, but it also allows for the followers to worship other deities believed to be the same or part of god. This is why in many of the other sects we see people worshiping different gods yet still technically they are all part of the same god. Many consider Hinduism to be a democratic religion, where there is nothing constricting Hinduism thus allowing for the traditionally sense of "sin" existing for every follower of Hinduism as it may differ region to region. Many concepts are based in this idea of freedom almost as if the religion itself is up for a  "loose" interpretation ultimately allowing for the many different sects.