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What do you think the artist was trying to depict in this picture?

A) The gold that was mined by Native Americans went towards construction of new churches in the Americas

B) The leaders of the Native Americans and the Europeans came together to agree on a trade agreement that involved religion and wealth

C) Europeans exploited the Native Americans and used them for slave labor using the excuse of spreading Christianity.

D) The Europeans loved the Native Americans and felt inferior to them.

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Contact between Europe and the Western Hemisphere led to new religious beliefs, languages, dress, and new taste in food. Europeans introduced the Native Americans to new animals, food, plants and grains and vice versa. As a result of the Great Biological Exchange, diseases spread between the Native Americans and Europeans leading to millions of deaths. However, the Great Biological Exchange also led to a transformation of both cultures.

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Weapons were also traded during the Great Biological Exchange. Native Americans were "introduced" to weapons such as guns, explosives, and cannons.

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With the combining of cultures came changes in styles of dressing as well. The introduction of sheep to the lives of Native Americans allowed them to create new clothes using wool.

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Some things that were changed just aren't important enough for their own category.

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Crash Course Video on the Columbian Exchange

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Crash Course Video on the Columbian Exchange

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The Columbian Exchange: Crash Course World History #23

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In 1494, a line west of Cape Verde (off the coast of West Africa) was drawn to show the areas that Portugal and Spain had a claim to. The land West of the Treaty of Tordesillas was Spain's, and Brazil and Africa were Portugal's.

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Disease did not only flow from East to West. The Americans also gave the Europeans syphilis, a fatal disease that quickly spread across the continent. However their number of fatalities was just a fraction of the 20 million Native Americans who were victims of smallpox.

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In 1680, the Pueblos revolted against the Europeans as a result of the Europeans trying to convert the religions by burning churches, executing priests and destroying Christian relics.

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Although Columbus' main focus was gold, he pitched his takeovers as missionary trips to gain support and further his good reputation.

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The Europeans held their religion over the heads of the Native Americans, forcing them to either a) convert, or b) be subject to any torture that the Europeans could think of.

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This system, similar to the feudal system in Medieval Europe, put the Native Americans and slaves at the bottom of the pyramid. Thus, they did all of the work, while the top of the pyramid (the Spaniards), reaped the rewards. Under this system, the Native Americans were treated horribly, and hundreds of Native Americans committed suicide. Some mothers would even kill their own children instead of letting them grow up in such a brutal world.

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After Columbus tried to impose a tribute system that failed to work (and left him with lots of handless workers), he set up the encomienda system.

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in addition to food, animals and disease, the two continents also traded intangibles as well, even changing borders

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Of all the things that were exchanged, nothing had quite the impact that disease did. Virtually wiping out entire Native American populations, European diseases like smallpox (shown above), were catastrophic for the Americans and created numerous social, economic and political effects. In the years following the European invasion, it is estimated that about 20 million Native Americans were killed of smallpox ALONE. (That's almost as many Jews as were killed during the Holocaust.)

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However, once they got used to them, the Native Americans found horses to work much better than dogs: they were faster, could travel further, carried more and were easy to feed.

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The Native Americans were afraid of horses when they first saw them, giving the Europeans an edge over them in warfare.

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Corn and potatoes were found to thrive in Europe too, and were quickly turned into staples of the European diet.

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adding corn into the African diet led to an increase in population and, therefore, an increase in slaves

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Although all of the products above had some effect on the geography or culture of Europe and the Americas, here are some of the major players:

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http://worldhistory1stexam.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/1/1/44115367/7305278_orig.jpg

http://www.nataliedee.com/012106/corn.jpg

http://cdn.theatlantic.com/static/mt/assets/andrew_cohen/wildhorse%20shutterstock-body.jpg

http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/09/03/article-2197533-14D039EC000005DC-851_964x773.jpg

http://www.tobaccoworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/tobaccoo.jpg

http://d75822.medialib.glogster.com/media/24/249f5b6c6ebbadaeb267a4e6a4fa8ed85b07b2701a3314f7167ab814466b3350/encom-jpg.jpg

http://9f1780.medialib.glogster.com/media/357a382c1179f7959ec74b2cad93b88e83ab76aa467b610834dd186df1f57797/social-classes.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Christopher_Columbus3.jpg

http://cs.wellesley.edu/~tanner10/world-maps/world-map-background.jpg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4

https://www.popularresistance.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Columbus-and-other-Spanish-conquistidors-fed-live-natives-to-their-dogs-e1413161828241.jpg

http://nowscape.com/atheism/pope_95/Gold_Spain_1.htm

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THE GREAT BIOLOGICAL EXCHANGE (a.k.a the Columbian Exchange)

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THE GREAT BIOLOGICAL EXCHANGE (a.k.a the Columbian Exchange)

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the trading of food and animals between Europe and the New World drastically changed agriculture on both sides of the Atlantic