# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
This drawing by Friedrich Burdach shows a gross fiber dissection in the white matter of the frontal lobe. 

# data[].attributes.headline
1822 - Friedrich Burdach names the cingulate gryus

# data[].attributes.subject
1822 - Friedrich Burdach names the cingulate gryus

# data[].attributes.body
Friedrich Burdach was a German neuroanatomist who is famous for creating many detailed drawings and naming many familiar brain structures that was discuss frequently today. One of those stuctures he named was the cingulate gyrus, outlined in his life's opus work, Vom Baue und Leben des Gehirns ¹. This three-volume masterpiece summarized the neuroscience discoveries he made in his lifetime.

Other structures included in the manual were the caudate nucleus, the red nucleus, the lamina terminalis and the fasciculus cuneatus¹. The cingulate gyrus is a part of the limbic system that helps process emotions and regulate behavior².

Sources: Image

1. https://www.scirp.org/html/9-2400160_26207.htm

2. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cingulate_Gyrus#:~:text=The%20cingulate%20gyrus%20is%20an,to%20regulate%20autonomic%20motor%20function.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
The thalamus is located just dorsally to the brainstem.

# data[].attributes.headline
1853 - William Carpenter suggests that the thalamus is the seat of consciousness

# data[].attributes.subject
1853 - William Carpenter suggests that the thalamus is the seat of consciousness

# data[].attributes.body
William Carpenter, an English physiologist believed that there must be a seat of consciousness in the brain that serves as a hub for neural activity¹. He believed that this consciousness came along with the thalamus, which is seated directly in the middle of the brain.

We now know today that the thalamus plays an essential role in the limbic system, relaying and integrating large amounts of sensory and motor information¹, which confirms Carpenter's suspicions that the thalamus was the hub for neural activity.

Sources: Image

1. https://nautil.us/where-is-my-mind-8666/

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A replication of Patrick and Gilbert's results

# data[].attributes.body
Not much was known about the circadian rhythm and its effect on the sleep cycle until the late 1800's when Iowa University researchers and professors G.W. Patrick and Dr. J. Allen Gilbert did an experiment in which they studied an individual who was actively derived of sleep. They measured his reaction times and grip strength evert six hours as time elapsed and found that sleep propensity, or the readiness to transmit from wakefulness to sleep cycled at a period of 24 hours¹. This study, released in 1896, added heavily to the research being done in this time period about the limbic system and its involvement in sleep and circadian rhythms².

Sources: Image

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0748730405278292

https://zenodo.org/record/1646021#.YkuSKijMKUk

# data[].attributes.headline
1895 - Wilhelm His coins the term 'hypothalamus'

# data[].attributes.subject
1895 - Wilhelm His coins the term 'hypothalamus'

# data[].attributes.body
Born in 1831 in Basel, Switzerland, His was a neurological pioneer when it came to the subject of neuron theory and histogenesis. His discovery that every nerve fiber emerges from a single nerve cell was essential to the development of the neuron theory¹.

However, his discovery that this artifact is focused on is his naming of the hypothalamus. After he named it in 1893, famous scientist Ramon Cajal would discover the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland, and these discoveries laid the groundwork for successful scientific discovery and advancement of knowledge in the hypothalamus that continued well into the twenty and twenty-first centuries².

Sources: Image

1. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wilhelm-His-Swiss-anatomist

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279126/

# data[].attributes.body
In Britain in the year 1895, the term hippocampus minor ceased to exist in use in anatomy textbooks, and was officially removed in the Nomina Anatomica. During this time period, the hippocampus as we know today was divided into two parts, the hippocampus major and the hippocampus minor¹.

The hippocampus became a center of great human evolutionary debate as celebrated anatomist and paleontologist Richard Owen and Thomas Henry Huxley, who used Darwinism to explain that the human brain and ape brains both had a hippocampus  minor, as the great debate was about whether or not humans evolved from apes¹.

Sources: Image
1. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hipo.450030403

# data[].attributes.body
Although he is most famous for his accomplishments with speech and language, French physician Paul Broca would be the perfect docent for this limbic system exhibit. He did extensive research on the limbic system, and published a work in 1878 entitled, "Comparative anatomy of the cerebral circumvolutions: The great limbic lobe and the limbic fissure in the mammalian series"¹. This work explained how there must be certain connections between each lobe of the brain. This was a monumental piece of Neuroscience history, and its impact on the science has been enormous¹.

Sources: Image

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591172/#:~:text=In%201878%2C%20he%20published%20a,)%20(Broca%2C%201878).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591172/#:~:text=In%201878%2C%20he%20published%20a,)%20(Broca%2C%201878).

# data[].attributes.body
In San Antonio, Texas, the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) met and discussed a new radiotherapy treatment designed to preserve the hippocampus from damage during radiation therapy, a method used to treat brain cancer¹. This new method of hippocampal-avoidance proved to better preserve the patients' cognitive function and showed similar cancer control outcomes as the traditional whole-brain therapy¹.

This research is truly monumental for brain cancer treatment because in the past, radiation therapy proved to decrease the function of the hippocampus and memory after treatment¹. The results from this 2018 trial could have a significant impact on the future of cancer treatment.

Source:

1. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/new-radiotherapy-treatment-for-brain-cancer-offers-superior-preservation-of-cognitive-function-mayo-researchers-say/