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The 20th century- politics of interventionism- "The American Dream"

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The 20th century- politics of interventionism- "The American Dream"

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- Joe Biden is elected president

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- Donald Trump is elected president

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- election of Barack Obama
-> first African-American president
(re-elected in 2012)

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- invasion of Iraq
-> begin of the Iraq War

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- Department of Home Security is created
-> mission to prevent future attacks on the USA

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- 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center & Pentagon

-> President Bush declares "War on Terror"

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- John F. Kennedy (first Catholic) is assassinated

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- Great Depression

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- Wall Street Crash (Black Thursday)

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- 19th amendment is ratified

-> Women are finally allowed to vote

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- America is gifted the Statue of Liberty

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- a gift from France to the USA in to celebrate 100 years of American independence from Britain

-> symbolizes enlightenment, independence, liberty & freedom

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- Emancipation Proclamation

-> Abraham Lincoln issues the abolition of slavery

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- Civil War between the Confederate States of America (South) & the Union (North)

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a well-known symbol is the bald eagle
- represents strength and freedom

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= describes the idea of America as the land of opportunities, where anyone can achieve anything

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- first basic ideas of the American Dream were recorded in the declaration of independence

- can be defined differently for each person

James Truslow Adams (1931):

"The American Dream is the dream of a land in which life should be better & richer & fuller for every man with opportunity for each according to his ability or achievement."

-> land of endless possibilities

-> "from rags to riches"

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Civil Rights Act
= prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

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"I have a dream" speech

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- Civil Rights Movement led by Martin Luther King

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- death of Franklin D. Roosevelt (32nd president of the United States)
-> sudden death because of cerebral hemorrhage (= Hirnblutung)

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= the belief that America is the one Nation ordered by God to expand across the North American continent

- America is believed to be superior to all other countries

-> task to establish moral rule & values across the globe

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- acquisition of Mexico
-> westward expansion is complete

-> "Manifest Destiny" has come true

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- exploration of the West
-> expansion of America by pushing the border farther & farther

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- written in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson
-> 13 colonies declare their independence from British rule

- 4 July = the birthday of the United States (Independence Day)
-all American Citizens are created equal

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

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- 10 amendments added to the Constitution
- describe the basic rights of the people
- forbids the government from denying these rights

-> freedom of speech, religion & the press
-> the right to assemble, to cary arms & to a fair trial by a jury

- necessary to reassure American citizens of their rights
-> fear of not being able to achieve personal freedom & the pursuit of happiness

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- the Bill of Rights is issued

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- "Constitution of the United States" is written
--> new (federal) system of government with shared power & representatives are elected
-> separation of power into the legislative, executive & judicial

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- Treaty of Paris

-> Britain officially recognizes its former colonies as an independent nation = "United States of America"

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- the British own 13 colonies along the Atlantic Coast of America

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- first 11 African slaves arrive in new Amsterdam

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- Dutch Governor buys Manhattan from the Algonquin Indians
->"New Amsterdam" (later "New York")
- owned and run by the Dutch West India Company

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=English protestants who wanted to purify the Church of England
-> thought Protestantism wasn't different enough from Catholicism

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- first 102 Puritans leave England with their ship "Mayflower"
- more Puritans travel to America to escape religious persecution

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- 2020: Public murder of George Floyd by a police officer (Derek Chauvin)
-> worldwide protests were directed against police violence and racism under the motto Black Lives Matter

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-2013: Start of the Black Lives Matter movement
-> is directed against racist violence by the police in the USA

-2014: Demonstrators and violent protests following the death of Michael Brown at the hands of the police

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The 19th century - westward expansion and politics of isolationism 

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The 19th century - westward expansion and politics of isolationism 

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- North American colonies at war against the British
- gaining freedom and independence

-> 4 July 1776: George Washington declared the independence of the Americans

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First English settlement in Jamestown,Virginia