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Concentric Zone Model/ Burgess Model (1923)

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Concentric Zone Model/ Burgess Model (1923)

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⋆ The Concentric Zone Model was devised by E.W. Burgess in 1923, based off of Chicago.
⋆ This model shows that a city grows outwards in a series of concentric rings, having a Central Business District (CBD) in the center.

1st Ring- CBD: This area contains the most services and retail/office activities.

2nd Ring- Zone of Transition: This area contains factories and industries, and cheaper labor exists in this area.

3rd Ring- Low Class Residential (Zone of Independent Workers Homes): This area contains the homes of less wealthy people who often work in industry jobs of the 2nd ring.

4th Ring- Medium Class Residential (Zone of Better Residences): Moderately wealthy people live in this area.

5th Ring- Commuter Zone: This area contains the most high class housing as well as a significant transport route for city residents.

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⋆ The sector model was created by Homer Hoyt in 1939, also based off of Chicago.
⋆ Instead of rings, this model emphasizes wedges what expand outwards from the center (the CBD).
⋆ All sectors therefore have access to the CBD.

Using the diagram above:
↪ CBD (A): As usual, the Central Business District contains the most services and retail/business activities.
↪ Factories/ Industry (F): This area contains most low level factory jobs that are done by less wealthy individuals.
↪ Low Class Residential (C): These lower class housings are cheaper and located close to the low paying industry area.
↪ Medium Class Residential (D): This area contains middle-wage residents, and is therefore a substantially large sector.
↪ High Class Residential (E): This area contains the more wealthy people of the city. It's a small sector that extends in one direction from the CBD with more expensive housing and CBD type service activities.

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⋆ This model was created in 1945 by CD Harris and EL Ullman.
⋆  It expresses that a city is complex and has more than one nodal center.
⋆ Certain activities are attracted to certain nodes.

↪ CBD (1)
↪ Zone of Transition (2)
↪ Low Class Residential (3)
↪ Middle Class Residential (4)
↪ High Class Residential (5)
↪ Industry (6)
↪ Business Center (7)
↪ Suburb (8)
↪ Industrial Park/Suburb (9)
↪ Commuter Belt (10)

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⋆ This model was created by James E. Vance in the 1960s.
⋆ Each realm of the model has it's own purpose.
⋆ All the realms are linked together to make 1 large, complex, fluid city.
⋆ On the periphery of these models are Edge Cities, which are large commercial centers that offer entertainment/shopping for suburbs.

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Peripheral Model/ Galactic City Model (1960s)

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Peripheral Model/ Galactic City Model (1960s)

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⋆ This model was created by Chauncey Harris 1960s. It is a variant of the Multiple Nuclei Model.

↪ The model shows an urban area that consists of an inner city. This area is like a CBD.
↪ The inner city is surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas.
↪ These areas are tied together by a beltway or ring road that exists along the periphery.
↪ The periphery also contains edge cities, which are nodes of consumer/ business services.

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Latin American City Model/ Griffin-Ford Model (1980-1996)

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Latin American City Model/ Griffin-Ford Model (1980-1996)

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⋆ Latin American cities see many different characteristics than other large cities of the world, so Ernest Griffin and Larry Ford created and revised this model of Latin American city structure.

↪ Unlike many other models, the wealthy class lives close to the CBD while the less wealthy class lives somewhat farther.
↪ The spine is an extension of the CBD that projects toward the mall area. This area can be described similar to an edge city.
↪ The mall provides goods and services for the Elite Residential class living along the spine.
↪ The zone of maturity is similar to a middle class zone.
↪ The zone of Sittu Accretion is an area that is progressing form a squatter like area into a zone of maturity.
↪ The Preferico is a ring highway with significant transportation facilities.

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⋆ This model was created by DeBlij
⋆ British colonialism had a lasting impact on the structure of Africa's cities, and this model attempts to explain the effects.

This model shows 3 CBDs.
↪ Colonial CBD: This is the CBD most reflecting of British impact. Most development is vertical, meaning buildings becoming taller and more clustered together.
↪ Traditional CBD: This area is more reflecting of original African customs. Buildings are single story.
↪ Market Zone (Informal Economy Zone): This area contains periodic markets and other forms of temporary retail.

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Southeast Asian Cities Model/ McGee Model

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Southeast Asian Cities Model/ McGee Model

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⋆ This model, made by Garry McGee, describes Southeast Asian cities that are often former colonial port zones.

↪ The Port Zone is surrounded by CBD components.
↪ Hybrid Sectors/Zones Grow the fastest and see the most active development.
↪ A government zone exists near the CBD as well as a possible commercial zone if the city is a capital.