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- A two friends wearing a dress into a party is a coincidence, but if they promise to not wearing that and actually wearing it is a situational irony.
-  In William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, we the readers know that Juliet has taken a sleeping potion to fake her death, but this is unbeknownst to Romeo, who believes she is really dead and proceeds to actually kill himself

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- Irony is whenever a person says something or does something that departs from what they (or we) expect them to say or do.
- But irony is actually the opposite of the literal meaning.
- The use of words to express something. other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning

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- Realism is the literary movement between the time of the Civil War 1865 - 1900.
- Realism is focused on the realities and representing reality. - It is divided into three branches: human nature, state-centric, system-centric.
- Depict contemporary social, lifestyle.
- Portraying mundane as they are in real life, helps the reader to have a true sense of "local color".
- Realism tries to give us the basic view of things that happened in the past.
- Everything could be real by using realism literary movement, and it could happen to you.

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- Key transitional figure between literary realism and modernism.
- Best known for his novels include The Portrait of a Lady, The Ambassador, and The Wings of the Dove.
- Before his death he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911, 1912, and 1916.

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- The father of American Literature.
- Was praise as the "greatest humorist the US has produced"
- Best two novel was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

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- Kate Chopin real name is Katherine O’Flaherty.
- She is an interpreter of New Orleans culture.
- She was married and after her husband died she starts to wrote about him.
- Her first novel was At Fault (1890).
- She wrote a lot of short stories Désirée’s Baby” and “Madame Celestin’s Divorce,” continue to be widely anthologized.

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- Best known for her stories about the inner lives of sensitive, daring women.
- The awakening is her novel.
- Many of her stories appeared in her two published collections Bayou Folk (1894) and A Night in Acadie (1897)

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- This picture is realism because depicts two pleasants bowing down to say the Angelus at the end of the day work.

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- Bringing out of the individuality models in this portraits.

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It is focused on the ordinary.

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- Naturalism is also a literary device that using in literature.
- Naturalism expands on the base begun by Realism.
- Naturalism follows the traits of realism but adds more ideas.
- Naturalism adds the idea that people and lives are often affected by natural forces.
- Human in Naturalism are lower-class.
- Taking place from the 1880s and 1940s.
- Undercontrol by the authors.
- Rejects the power of human choice.

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- Originated in the realist art movement.
- Began in the mid-nineteenth-century.
- From French literature (Stendhal) and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin)
- Realism has been in arts before in literature.
- Realism has a big impact in both arts and literature.
- It is also had a major impact on historiography, education, and natural sciences.
- Realism as a movement in literature was a post-1848 phenomenon.
- Honore de Balzac is one of the founders of Realism.