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‘What in Doty’s account enables practices? What
are the conditions of possibility for practices? What are the causal
powers and processes that produce practices? These questions are
never fully addressed’ p.36

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1. Hobbesian structure
2. Lockean structure
3. Kantian structure

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First, his definition of structure is oscillating between two different social ontologies.

Second, Wendt’s ‘structural-historical’ analysis, in line with an analytical dualist approach, engages with both structure and agency at different time intervals.

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Not fully convincing because of Questions raised: If we consider the economic formation the main influence on the social institutions, how is it that it can actually be changed by the states/classes/peoples etc.?

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Not fully convincing because of Questions raised: If we consider the economic formation the main influence on the social institutions, how is it that it can actually be changed by the states/classes/peoples etc.?

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Key quote: Structures exist independently of our ability to know or manipulate them. Structures, being constraining and enabling, do not determine action, but they define the framework within wich agents can choose alternative strategies. Enabling features may favour some agents over others in a particular structural setting. In short, agency is located in structure, but not determined by it. Structure may also be transformed by agency over time. (p. 31)

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Key quote: Structures exist independently of our ability to know or manipulate them. Structures, being constraining and enabling, do not determine action, but they define the framework within wich agents can choose alternative strategies. Enabling features may favour some agents over others in a particular structural setting. In short, agency is located in structure, but not determined by it. Structure may also be transformed by agency over time. (p. 31)

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Agency-Structure-Narrative

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‘Practices, because of their inextricable link with meaning, have an autonomy which cannot be reduced to either the intentions, will, motivations, or interpretations of choice-making subjects or to the constraining and enabling mechanisms of objective but socially constructed structures’ p.35

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Focus on what structure and agency have in common rather than previous dualism

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Key Quote: the major social institutions of the capitalist world-economy – the states, the classes, the peoples, and the households – are all shaped (even created) by the ongoing workings of the world-economy’

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Key Quote: the major social institutions of the capitalist world-economy – the states, the classes, the peoples, and the households – are all shaped (even created) by the ongoing workings of the world-economy’

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Practices are decentred/ indeterminate and structures/agency are not pregiven

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As a result, ‘each identity is an inherently social definition of the actor grounded in the theories which actors collectively hold about themselves and one another and which constitute the structure of the social world. Identities are the basis of interests’

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A combination of ‘structural-historical’ analysis thus provides explanation by structurally theorising causal powers, practices and interests and historically tracing the significant choices and interactions that led to specific events and the reproduction (or transformation) of social structures

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Key author: Wendt