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1. Self-pollination LP- Sperm cells fertilize egg cells from within the same flower.

2. Cross-pollination LP - Plant reproducing with another plant.

3. Hybrid LP-The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

4. Trait MG - A quality or characteristic belonging to an individual.

5. Gene MG - The basic unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome.

6. Allele MG - One of two or more versions of a gene.

7. Principle of Dominance AR- Some alleles are dominant and some are recessive.

8. Segregation AR- During gamete formation, alleles for each gene segregate from each other.

9. Dominant AR- If an organism has at least one dominant allele for a trait, it will exhibit that form of a trait.

10. Recessive KC- Is an allele that is not dominant and wont show up but can show up in new generations; must inherit two copies of the allele for it to show. Ex: tt, ss, bb

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1. How did allowing F1 generation plants to self-pollinate to produce the F2 generation allow Mendel to reach his conclusions about inheritance? Traits controlled by recessive alleles appeared in the second generation with itself to produce F2 offspring

2. During which phase of meiosis do new allele combinations form? Prophase 1

3. During which phase of meiosis does each cell have a single copy of each gene? Stage G and telophase 2.

4. Complete this statement: The further two genes are on a gene map of a chromosome, the ______ likely they will experience crossing-over (more OR less... which one?). Why? SR More because the closer together they are, the more likely they are to cross over.

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Some key points my chapter covers are meiosis, the principle of dominance, and even crossing over. All of these are important in their own ways to the overall topic of genetics. Meiosis is important because it makes sure that all organisms produced through sexual reproduction contain the right amount of chromosomes. The principle of dominance is crucial to this chapter because it states that if two alleles at a locus differ, then the dominant allele determines the organism's appearance. Finally, understanding crossing over is a key factor in this chapter. It is important for normal segregation of chromosomes during the process of meiosis!

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At the end of meiosis, there are gametes formed that each have 23 genetically unique chromosomes. Overall, the process creates 4 daughter cells from 1 parent cell. They are all haploids because they are half the number of chromosomes from the original parent cells.

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DNA, Chromosomes, Genes, and Traits: An Intro to Heredity

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The main advantage of sexual reproduction is that it produces genetic variation for future offspring. This way, species are able to adapt to their environments easier and develop a survival advantage.

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A monohybrid cross can be as simple as breeding a long-stemmed pea plant with a short-stemmed pea plant. The example above shows the upcoming generation if you were to do a monohybrid cross on a purple and white flower.

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Genetic Hybrids carry two different alleles of the same gene. 

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Diploid cells contain two complete sets while haploid cells only contain one complete chromosomes set.

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Difference between a Genotype and Phenotype

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Difference between a Genotype and Phenotype