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Theodore Herzl was born May 2nd, 1860. He studied at the University of Vienna and earned a doctorate of law. During his time at the university, he experienced firsthand antisemitism and decided to write a drama called The Ghetto. This drama encouraged and helped bring together Jews and Christians and brought a mutual respect between the two. Theodore Herzl also appealed to many Jews in Eastern Europe such as Baron Rothschild. Herzl even held the First Zionist Congress in Basle, Switzerland and became its first president. This Congress would draw Jews worldwide to discuss secular and national issues. Theodore Herzl helped draw attention to important matter of creating a Jewish State which was crucial making a Jewish independent state.

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Due to the rising of anti-Semitism and pogroms in Russia, the Jews needed a place to go and so 40,000 Jews came into Palestine. Nearly half of the 40,000 Jews stayed because of the harsh living and terrible economy. Many of the people who came were young Jews and they settled in the first kibbutz called Degania. They also trained and established the first Jewish Defense Force called Ha-shomer and revived the Hebrew language. This was one of the first steps toward an independent Jewish state. While Theodore Herzl drew the attention of the Jews, the Second Aliyah, was the coming of the Jews who started settle the land of Israel.

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In June 1920, The Haganah was established and was Israel’s underground military organization. The Haganah was meant to protect the early Jewish settlements in Israel. This Jewish organization protected over 50 settlements from arab riots. They would also bring in illegal Jewish immigrants after the white papers were established by the British. The Haganah worked in many countries including the United states, Poland, France and Italy. In 1947, David Ben Gurion took control of the Hagana and helped prepare the group for an arab attack. Later, he established the Haganah as the official Israeli Defense Force. With the help of the Haganah, Israel now had an army to help fight and protect the immigrating Jews, and the already established Jewish settlements in Israel.

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The Palmach was a Jewish defense group that was a part of the Haganah. This organization was made up of 9 smaller groups around Palestine. These 9 groups were mainly stationed in kibbutzim because they were apart of their society, so not only did they have to protect the people, but they also had to take care of their agriculture duties. The Palmach would attack enemy territories in order to sabotage their enemies. Once the British wanted the dismantling of the Palmach, they went underground. After previously trying to destroy the Irgun and Stern gang, David Ben Gurion wanted the Jewish forces to stop attacking each other and instead unite to fight against the British. The Palmach grew to 12 groups and eventually they all became a part of the Israeli Defense Force.

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Six Day War: Control Over Sinai (1967-1973)

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Six Day War: Control Over Sinai (1967-1973)

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A little after midnight, Israeli news had broadcasted that over 400 Egyptian, Syrian, and Jordanian, aircraft had been destroyed. Israel had taken control over the air of Sinai. Shimon Peres said, "The Six Day War was won in the first two hours." But they were taking a big risk because they sent almost their entire air force into Egypt leaving only 12 planes in Israel. However it was a risk worth taking. All of Egypt's war communications were put out of operation for a few hours which were key for Israel to take advantage of. Israel also had destroyed a third of all Egyptian aircraft and disabled most of their runways. The Israeli army came a long way from being separate little groups of militias now being a full army that just defeated an army that was over double in size.

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On October 6th, 1973, Egypt and Syria launched an attack against Israel on Yom Kippur. Soviets aided the Arab nations with weapons, soldiers, and tanks. It was everyone vs Israel. Contries likes Iraq, Syria, Liberia, Soviet Union, Algeria, Morocco, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia all helped and aided the attack on Israel. Israel was way outnumbered where is some places 180 Israeli tanks were taking on 1,400 Syrian tanks. While the Golan was taken over by the Syrians early on in the war, Israel sent backup towards Golan and sent the Syrians back and caused them to retreat. Israel ultimately took Mount Chermon back which was a key turning point. In Egypt, Israel had made a comeback where they destroyed 250 Egyptian tanks in the first 2 hours. Israel lost 114 aircraft, but destroyed 450 Arab aircraft in combat. Israel had been an independent state for only 25 years before this war and were severely outnumbered, and they still managed to win. They had come a long way from bringing people from Europe and Russia, and creating settlements and joining little militias to help protect the settlements. It just shows with the help of Hashem and all the Jews coming together, anything is possible.

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Born March 1st, 1922, Yitzhak Rabin witnessed the process and the creation of Israel while doing his fair share of helping the becoming of Israel. His mother was one of the first to join the Haganah and he followed by joining the Palmach. He was in the Palmach and IDF for 27 years. After retiring from fighting, he was appointed Israel's ambassador to the United states. Shortly after working in the government for awhile he became Israel's prime minister. He focused on a few things including strengthening the idf. In 1994, rabin signed a peace treaty with Jordan and won the nobel peace prize. In 1995, at a peace rally, Rabin was sadly shot and killed. Yitzhak Rabin had lived an amazing life with outstanding accomplishments. He was here from the beginning and saw Israel had become an independent state. He helped fight in and out of wars and Israel wouldn’t have been the same without him.

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Recognition of Jerusalem as Capital (2010-2022)

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Recognition of Jerusalem as Capital (2010-2022)

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In 2017, former United States president, Donald Trump, recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. He also would start the movement of the U.S. embassy from Tel-Aviv to Jerusalem. This was a big change because fr 20 years this document has been sitting around and no U.S. president chose to pass it. Jerusalem, as holy as it is, deserves to be the capital of Israel and it was long time due. Israel strived to make itself an independent state now they have achieved the goal of making Jerusaleml its capital. The people of Israel sacrificed so much and lost many loved ones just to make Israel a safe and protected home for the Jewish people.

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Book - Israel a History: Martin, Gilbert