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It was a major political scandal in the United States

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It was a miletary conflict under the cold war

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The hippie movement was simply a groap of people fighting and protesting for peace, love and understanding. They are most famous for the clothes they where. They mostly had long hair with hedbands. They 🤬 slappy clothes, nothing tight, and had often many accesories of feathers and peace signs.

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He was in The Beatles, he was actually the creator of The Beatles. He played the guitar, keyboard instrument and sang.

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Marxist-Leninist political organization founded by college student Bobby Seale and Huey P Newton

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The Ku Klux Klan was a secret racist organization that considers itself to guard the American peoples soul. The organization opposes, among others blacks, Jews and Catholics.

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Ku klux klan was founded after the american civil war in december 1865 in pulaski.

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1966-1982

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During 1960s and 1970s.

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Was born on 9th of October 1940, during a German air raid in Liverpool. And he died on 8th of December, murder by Mark Chapman in Manhattan, New york.

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1955-1975

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June 17 1972- September 8 1974

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In the years 1867-1870 thousends of blacks where murdered by clan members in the state of Louisiana. Thousands more where beaten and hundreds of homes burned down .

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They worked with black people's rights and there goal was to make the society equal.

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A group of people had a big reaction to the war and the bad envirorment in the world so they startet protesting for these things that they tought where very importand

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On the night of the 8th of December, 1980, while entering his luxuries Manhattan apartment, he was shot four times from behind by Mark David Chapman.

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It was a war between North and South Vietnam as a continuation of the French colonial war. Nort Vietnam got support from the Soviet Union and China and South Vietnam got support from USA.

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The police arrested burglurs in the Democratic National Commite Head Quarters at the Watergate complex in Washington D.C. This led to Evidence which linked the break in to president Nixon re-election campaign. All this resulted to 69 governments being charged and 48 of them being found guilty.

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Why was it important/why do we remember it?

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Why was it important/why do we remember it?

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We remember it because the Ku Klux Klan killed and abused thousands of blacks, Jews and catholics. They even burned hundreds of their houses.

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They inspired more people to stand up for black people's rights and it spread to other countries.

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They stand for peace and love and a good environment.
They used drugs because they wanted to do what ever they wanted and enjoy life.

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The first way he became popular is The Beatles. Then when they went on tours they became worlwide known.
He changed the rock genre and he did a lot of songs that became popular.

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Resulted in Nixon's resignation,
It was the worst scandal in American history for it was an attempt to subvert the American political process it self

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https://www.history.com/topics/reconstruction/ku-klux-klan

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Table of Contents

1. Founding of the Ku Klux Klan

2. Ku Klux Klan Violence in the South

3. The Ku Klux Klan and the End of Reconstruction

4. Revival of the Ku Klux Klan

5. Great Depression Shrinks Klan

Founded in 1865, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party's Reconstruction-era policies aimed at establishing political and economic equality for Black Americans. Its members waged an underground campaign of intimidation and violence directed at white and Black Republican leaders. Though Congress passed legislation designed to curb Klan terrorism, the organization saw its primary goal-the reestablishment of white supremacy-fulfilled through Democratic victories in state legislatures across the South in the 1870s.

After a period of decline, white Protestant nativist groups revived the Klan in the early 20th century, burning crosses and staging rallies, parades and marches denouncing immigrants, Catholics, Jews, African Americans and organized labor. The civil rights movement of the 1960s also saw a surge of Ku Klux Klan activity, including bombings of Black schools and churches and violence against Black and white activists in the South.

Founding of the Ku Klux Klan

A group including many former Confederate veterans founded the first branch of the Ku Klux Klan as a social club in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865. The first two words of the organization's name supposedly derived from the Greek word "kyklos," meaning circle. In the summer of 1867, local branches of the Klan met in a general organizing convention and established what they called an "Invisible Empire of the South." Leading Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest was chosen as the first leader, or "grand wizard," of the Klan; he presided over a hierarchy of grand dragons, grand titans and grand cyclopses.

The organization of the Ku Klux Klan coincided with the beginning of the second phase of post- Civil War Reconstruction, put into place by the more radical members of the Republican Party in Congress. After rejecting President Andrew Johnson's relatively lenient Reconstruction policies, in place from 1865 to 1866, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act over the presidential veto. Under its provisions, the South was divided into five military districts, and each state was required to approve the 14th Amendment, which granted "equal protection" of the Constitution to former enslaved people and enacted universal male suffrage.

Did you know? At its peak in the 1920s, Klan membership exceeded 4 million people nationwide.

Ku Klux Klan Violence in the South

From 1867 onward, Black participation in public life in the South became one of the most radical aspects of Reconstruction, as Black people won election to southern state governments and even to the U.S. Congress. For its part, the Ku Klux Klan dedicated itself to an underground campaign of violence against Republican leaders and voters (both Black and white) in an effort to reverse the policies of Radical Reconstruction and restore white supremacy in the South. They were joined in this struggle by similar organizations such as the Knights of the White Camelia (launched in Louisiana in 1867) and the White Brotherhood.

At least 10 percent of the Black legislators elected during the 1867-1868 constitutional conventions became victims of violence during Reconstruction, including seven who were killed. White Republicans (derided as "carpetbaggers" and "scalawags") and Black institutions such as schools and churches-symbols of Black autonomy-were also targets for Klan attacks.

By 1870, the Ku Klux Klan had branches in nearly every southern state. Even at its height, the Klan did not boast a well-organized structure or clear leadership. Local Klan members-often wearing masks and dressed in the organization's signature long white robes and hoods-usually carried out their attacks at night, acting on their own but in support of the common goals of defeating Radical Reconstruction and restoring white supremacy in the South. Klan activity flourished particularly in the regions of the South where Black people were a minority or a small majority of the population, and was relatively limited in others. Among the most notorious zones of Klan activity was South Carolina, where in January 1871 500 masked men attacked the Union county jail and lynched eight Black prisoners.

The Ku Klux Klan and the End of Reconstruction

Though Democratic leaders would later attribute Ku Klux Klan violence to poorer southern white people, the organization's membership crossed class lines, from small farmers and laborers to planters, lawyers, merchants, physicians and ministers. In the regions where most Klan activity took place, local law enforcement officials either belonged to the Klan or declined to take action against it, and even those who arrested accused Klansmen found it difficult to find witnesses willing to testify against them.

Other leading white citizens in the South declined to speak out against the group's actions, giving them tacit approval. After 1870, Republican state governments in the South turned to Congress for help, resulting in the passage of three Enforcement Acts, the strongest of which was the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871.

For the first time, the Ku Klux Klan Act designated certain crimes committed by individuals as federal offenses, including conspiracies to deprive citizens of the right to hold office, serve on juries and enjoy the equal protection of the law. The act authorized the president to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and arrest accused individuals without charge, and to send federal forces to suppress Klan violence.

This expansion of federal authority-which Ulysses S. Grant promptly used in 1871 to crush Klan activity in South Carolina and other areas of the South-outraged Democrats and even alarmed many Republicans. From the early 1870s onward, white supremacy gradually reasserted its hold on the South as support for Reconstruction waned; by the end of 1876, the entire South was under Democratic control once again.

Revival of the Ku Klux Klan

In 1915, white Protestant nativists organized a revival of the Ku Klux Klan near Atlanta, Georgia, inspired by their romantic view of the Old South as well as Thomas Dixon's 1905 book "The Clansman" and D.W. Griffith's 1915 film "Birth of a Nation."

This second generation of the Klan was not only anti-Black but also took a stand against Roman Catholics, Jews, foreigners and organized labor. It was fueled by growing hostility to the surge in immigration that America experienced in the early 20th century along with fears of communist revolution akin to the Bolshevik triumph in Russia in 1917. The organization took as its symbol a burning cross and held rallies, parades and marches around the country. At its peak in the 1920s, Klan membership exceeded 4 million people nationwide.

Great Depression Shrinks Klan

The Great Depression in the 1930s depleted the Klan's membership ranks, and the organization temporarily disbanded in 1944. The civil rights movement of the 1960s saw a surge of local Klan activity across the South, including the bombings, beatings and shootings of Black and white activists. These actions, carried out in secret but apparently the work of local Klansmen, outraged the nation and helped win support for the civil rights cause.

In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson delivered a speech publicly condemning the Klan and announcing the arrest of four Klansmen in connection with the murder of a white female civil rights worker in Alabama. The cases of Klan-related violence became more isolated in the decades to come, though fragmented groups became aligned with neo-Nazi or other right-wing extremist organizations from the 1970s onward.

As of 2016, the Anti-Defamation League estimated Klan membership to be around 3,000, while the Southern Poverty Law Center said there were 6,000 members total.

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The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is an American white supremacist terrorist hate group founded in 1865. It became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party's Reconstruction-era policies aimed at establishing political and economic equality for Black Americans.

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https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippie

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Hippie är en subkultur. Hippiekulturen uppstod under 1960-talet och den typiska bilden av en hippie är en person med långt hår. Personer med anknytning till hippiekulturen blev främst kända för att kämpa för fred och miljöfrågor med slogans som flower power och make love, not war. Andra saker som ofta förknippas med hippiekulturen är en positiv inställning till medvetenhetsutvidgande droger, indisk kultur, astrologi och en säregen klädstil.

En föregångare till hippierörelsen var beatnikrörelsen under det sena 1950-talet med bland annat författaren Jack Kerouac och poeten Allen Ginsberg, och deras bohemiska livsstil och livsfilosofi, delvis inspirerad av zenbuddhismen.

Klädmässigt använde sig hippierna av unisexkläder och de intresserade sig även mycket för ursprungsbefolkningars och främmande kulturers klädedräkter. Mycket av hippiemodet hade indiska influenser där sjalar, kaftaner och t-shirts i egendesignade batikmönster var populärt. Även mycket fladdrande, vida, rikt broderade och mångmönstrade kläder bars i alla möjliga färger. Man klädde sig ofta i färgglada tryck och motiv och ett av hippiernas klassiska plagg är afghanvästen som hämtats från Indien och är en skinnväst med hårsidan inåt och dekorativa broderier på utsidan Ofta kombinerades denna väst med en batikskjorta och utsvängda jeans, något många idag förknippar med hippiemode.

Många hippier var mycket miljömedvetna, så kläderna man bar var ofta begagnade och man försökte alltid ärva så mycket som möjligt och dela kläder med andra hippier. Många bar sandaler, somliga avstod helt från att använda skor. Hippierna valde också att bära alla möjliga accessoarer såsom blommor, snäckskal, glaspärlor och färgglada solglasögon. En del hippies valde att leva som naturister.

Ett förstadium till hippierörelsen fanns i kolonin Monte Verità, Ascona, i Schweiz redan vid 1900-talets början. Man har också sett rötter i den tyska Wandervogel-rörelsen.

Hippierörelsen tog form i Berkeley Peoples Park och på gatorna Haight/Ashbury i San Francisco, USA omkring 1966. I reaktion mot krig, kommersialism, alienation, karriär och statusjakt och med slagordet Peace, Love & Understanding vände den nya generationen blickarna mot Indien, upptäckten av medvetenhetsutvidgande droger och ett enkelt och fredligt liv baserat på kärlek till allt levande, pacifism och kreativ gemenskap. "The Diggers" var en legendarisk teatergrupp som bedrev social verksamhet, delade ut gratis mat, kläder och fri sjukvård till "blomsterbarnen".

Höjdpunkten för hippierörelsen nåddes enligt många under " Summer of Love" i San Francisco 1967. Vid det laget hade hippiekulturen spridit sig över hela västvärlden, där såväl boendekollektiv (med eller utan "fri kärlek") som ekologiska produktionskollektiv etablerats på många platser.

Vad som sedan hände är omtvistat, kanske skedde brottet mellan den sociala och den politiska delen av det internationella ungdomsupproret just vid denna tid. Hippier blev yippies (jmf: Jerry Rubin) och rörelsen politiserades kraftigt åt det anarkistiska och socialistiska hållet. Det mytomspunna året 1968 innebar början på en revolutionär vänstervåg över hela världen, där statens våldsupptrappning, Vietnamkriget och Kulturrevolutionen i Kina troligtvis ökade spänningarna. Hippiekulturen utsattes också för en kraftig kommersialisering, där de lokala köpmännen såg en chans att tjäna pengar på kläderna, konsten och musiken.

Woodstockfestivalen 1969 - som enligt många markerade slutet på denna första hippievåg - samlade omkring en halv miljon besökare. Journalisten och författaren Maria-Pia Boëthius sade en gång "att hippierörelsen och idén om snällheten för snällhetens egen skull försvann var något av det sorgligaste som hänt". Hon har också sagt att " ...hippietiden, en av de mest förtrollande epoker jag upplevt. Unga människor som förespråkade kärlek, gemenskap, egendomslöshet och hygglighet; vi delade allt med varann och var övertygade om att en annan värld var möjlig ".

Hippier i dag

Idag lever fragment av hippiekulturen kvar, främst på USA:s västkust i Oregon och norra Kalifornien där det än idag anordnas hippierelaterade träffar, konserter och marknader i många städer.

I övriga världen finns t.ex. Christiania i Köpenhamn. I Sverige finns sedan 1973 den kooperativa byn Skogsnäs i Sollefteå kommun. I England färdas hippier runt i husvagnar från plats till plats. Goa i Indien hade länge en koloni av västerländska hippier.

Rainbow Gatherings är årligen hållna hippieläger (community camps) som anordnats i USA, Mexiko, Kanada, Europa och Ryssland. Här samlas människor med vilja att leva ett alternativt liv som motpol till mainstreamkultur, kommersialism, kapitalism och alienation. Lägren har funnits sedan 1972 och står för kärlek, fred, icke-våld, ekologism, anti-konsumism och anti-kommersialism, volontärism, respekt för andra, konsensusprocesser och kulturell mångfald. Rörelsen är platt utan hierarki, utan ledare och utan officiell organisation.

I Sverige finns en musikfestival, Urkultsfestivalen, som anordnas första helgen i augusti i Näsåker. Här samlas hippier och liknande alternativa människor för att njuta av medveten musik av väl utvalda artister och den vackra naturen vid Nämforsen. Fokus på festivalen är vegetarisk och ekologisk mat, fred och kärlek.

Många element i hippiekulturen har efterhand uppgått i det omgivande samhället och blivit allmänt accepterade, som vegetariska kostvanor, en radikalt förändrad inställning till äldre tiders klädkod, den fria synen på nakenhet som kom på 1970-talet samt en allmänt "cool", harmonisk och miljövänlig livsstil. Intresset för indisk filosofi fick ett uppsving det inte upplevt sedan Madame Blavatskys och teosofins dagar.

New Age-rörelsen, delar av ekologismen och Rave-kulturen kan möjligen ses som uppföljare till, och en fortsättning av hippie-rörelsen i modern tid.

Litteratur

Peter & Louise Mosskin: Ungdomsupproret. Bonniers 1969.

Jan Svante Vanbart: Vi drog. Jorden runt med 68-generationen. W&W 2005.

Isadora Tast: Mother India. Searching For a Place. Peperoni Books: Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-941825-00-0

Hair. 1979. Regi: Milos Forman. Med John Savage, Treat Williams, Beverly D'Angelo. (Baserad på musikalen 1968 med samma namn).

Woodstock. 1970. Regi: Michael Wadleigh, producent Bob Maurice. Dokumentär/musikfilm.

Easy Rider. 1969. Regi: Dennis Hopper, med Jack Nicholson och Peter Fonda. (Två bikers på väg till Mardi Gras. Särskilt hippiekollektivet på landsbygden är intressant i sammanhanget).

Chappaqua. 1966. Regi: Conrad Rooks. Med bl.a. William S. Burroughs. (Fr.a. om drogupplevelser).

Freak Out. 2014. Regi: Carl Javér, producent Fredrik Lange. (Film som utforskar hippierörelsens rötter i Schweiz, tidigt 1900-tal.)

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Hippie är en subkultur. Hippiekulturen uppstod under 1960-talet och den typiska bilden av en hippie är en person med långt hår. Personer med anknytning till hippiekulturen blev främst kända för att kämpa för fred och miljöfrågor med slogans som flower power och make love, not war .

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https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-lennon-shot

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https://www.so-rummet.se/kategorier/vietnamkriget

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Vietnamkriget 1957-1975 var delvis en fortsättning på det franska kolonialkriget i Indokina (Vietnam) 1946-1954.Efter att fransmännen lämnat Vietnam delades landet i Nordvietnam som blev kommunistiskt och Sydvietnam som stöddes av USA.

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