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My name is Aisya Amalia Amira Binti Mohd Khairulanuar. I live in Miri, Sarawak. I have choosen cultural beliefs in cultural taboos because I want to understand the functions of cultural taboos and how it effects behaviors and social proprietary in certain ethnic groups.

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The Kadazans originate from Sabah and are usually found in Penampang, the west coast of Sabah , it's surrounding area and various areas in the interior of Sabah.

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There are a few taboos regarding the dead in Kadazan culture.

For example:

They are not allowed to point at graveyards.

They are not allowed to visit any funerals when their house is undergoing renovations or construction.

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Taboos regarding the rules of their customs

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Taboos regarding the rules of their customs

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There Kadazan's have rules regarding their customs in their culture.

Here are a few examples of them.

1. Marrying your relatives

2. Commiting adultery

3. Stealing crops and animals

4. Destroying crops

5. Killing livestock

6. Proven guilty of rape

7. Disturbing or running away with a girl

If any of these are violated, a fine will be imposed onto the person who violated these rules of customs.

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What is the fine imposed on those who violate these taboos?

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What is the fine imposed on those who violate these taboos?

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The fine imposed is called 'sogit'. The fine is imposed when the rules of the customs are violated. The fines imposed are based on which type of custom the person has violated. The things that are used to pay these fines usually involves the usage of livestock or the current currency used.

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Marrying a relative

When marrying a relative ( a distant relative specifically, as it is seen as acceptable in the community), the Sogit is they will take a pig to a stream of a river or the upper side of a river stream that flows to the village and they will slaughter the pig. A Bobohizan (someone who has knowledge of the old tradition) will be invited and He or she will make a chant, slaughter the pig then let the blood flow in the river. This allows it to pass through the village and it is believed that it can purify the guilt of the offense of marrying a relative. The bride and the groom will also be bathed in the blood.

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The forest is an essential part or a Kadazan's life. With this comes taboos about the proper decorum when in the forest.

1. Don't make loud noises in the forest (shouting someone's name, whistling)

2. Don't discard things randomly in the forest ( like moving stones and dead branches haphazardly, if you want to move it, move it properly )

3. If a snake is seen, turn back (seen as bad luck)

4. Don't bring any wet items (like raw meat and fish)

5. Reading a mantra (referred as Renait) to ensure they are protected by the forest spirits and ensure they will be able to get blessings for the items they want to get from the forest.

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Pantang larang masuk hutan (masyarakat Kadazan Dusun) #cikgulenz #kadazandusunlanguage #sabahancrew_fams #viral #fypシ #sabahantiktokers #fyp 

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@cikgulenz
Pantang larang masuk hutan (masyarakat Kadazan Dusun) #cikgulenz #kadazandusunlanguage #sabahancrew_fams #viral #fypシ #sabahantiktokers #fyp
♬ original sound - Cikgu Lenz - Cikgu Lenz

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The Ibans is an ethnic indigenous to the northwestern or Borneo and are also referred as Sea Dayaks.

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The Ibans have a lot of taboos for every aspect in life. Below are a few examples of those taboos.

Actions

The Ibans are not allowed to eat with a pot's lid as it is believed that a moustache will grow thickly. (When someone uses the lid when eating, the uneaten food will not be covered unless the lid is washed and this will cause a burden to the people in charge of cleaning as time is wasted, which causes them to set aside their other responsibilities)

Items

Husband and wife are not allowed to fix the head of a machete as it will cause their child to be born with hearing disabilities (as machetes are sharp and dangerous if held, this taboo is formed to ensure expecting mothers don't hold such an item during pregnancy)

Animals

The Ibans are not allowed to eat crocodiles as they are believed to be humans originally.

Pua kumbu weavers are not allowed to weave snake motives arbitrarily as snakes are believed to bring bad luck and are always associated with ghosts.

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In the rules of customs of the Ibans, marrying one's relative is considered a taboo in their community.

Bekalih di Darat is a ritual done because a couple who are from different generations within the degree of third to fifth cousin intend to get married and wish to sanctify their union.

marriage between these relatives are strictly forbidden by 'pemali ngudi menoa', the rule of Iban law.

Alongside this ritual, the couple will also have to pay fines based on which degree of relatives they belong to.

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There are certain rules and taboos followed by the tattooist and the person who wants to get tattooed

• Taboos include things regarding:

1. Choices of motives

2. The location of the tattoo on the body

3. Social status

• Back then, having tattoos symbolizes that someone is apart ofthe Iban ethnic group.Tattoos are also given to a person that has abided by the taboos as well as rules of customs.When someone does not have a tattoo, other ethnic groups can't differentiate if the person is Iban or if the person is from another ethnic.

• Hence when you didn't have a tattoo back then, you are believed to have not obeyed the rules and customs of the Iban, not avoiding the taboos of Iban culture and not being faithful to their beliefs.

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The Melanaus are the people indigenous to Sarawak and are amongst the earliest settlers of Sarawak.

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The Melanaus have a lot of taboos regarding food. There are some reasons as to why the people of the Melanau ethnic have so much taboos regarding food, those include;

Their beliefs (for example, there are some Melanau families whose descendants are not allowed to eat linut to avoid themselves from getting a body filled with blisters as their ancestors used linut that is still scalding hot to pour it onto their enemies before they can manage to enter their territory.)

Generational taboos ( each family has its own curses and the taboos differ from each generation). For example there are families that are not allowed to eat meat from a deer because based on stories from their ancestors, a female deer came to feed their crying child milk when their ancestors were working in the forest. As a way to show gratitude, they didn't eat the deer. It is feared that if a deer is eaten they will gain fatal wounds.

These taboos regarding food consumption are actually a way for the Malanau people to control their diets as most of the taboos are regarding foods that may have caused certain ailments such as allergic reactions that are passed down from generation to generation. Since people back then did not have the liberty of having modern medicine, they came up with these taboos as a prevention method to these ailments.

Taboos regarding food preparation

The Melanau people are not allowed to talk about death during food preparation as it is believed the food will turn out bad.

Some foods also have taboos regarding it's preparation. For example, girls who are in their menstruation period are not allowed to prepare linut because it is believed that the linut will not mix well and become lumpy.

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Most of these taboos are in regards to their daily activities which mostly include harvesting and any activities done in the forest.

Taboos regarding harvesting include:

The usage of a fish's knife to harvest paddy is not allowed because it is believed the paddy would have no grains.

Do not leave a whetstone haphazardly in a lepau (a hut nearby a farm) as it is believed that the harvested crops would become spoiled.

Taboos regarding activities done in the forest

They are not allowed to bathe for three days after setting a hunting trap or else the animals would avoid the trap as they can sense the scent of a human.

They are not allowed to scold a person or their children before entering the forest or else the person would have the misfortune of having tree branches fall on them or they would meet a wild animal.

Most of these taboos are seen as a way to ensure the well-being of the community is maintained.

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The Lun Bawangs, also known as Lundeyeh in Sabah, is an ethnic group indigenous to the highlands of Borneo. They are grouped into the Orang Ulu in Sarawak and the Bruneis referto them as Puak Murut.

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The Lun Bawangs also have their own taboos.For taboos regarding everyday life, there are a few examples which are;

When eating, all family members are not allowed to discard food waste especially rice as it is believed it will anger the paddy's spirit as throwing out rice is seen and wasteful and the action would cause the grain yields from the paddy plant to lessen the following year.

People are not allowed to pass in front of people who owns a strong spirit as it can cause someone to collapse. This situation is known as mesangod. People were advised to not bring their children when meeting these people to avoid their children from getting sick from mesangod.

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For taboos specific to expecting mothers here are a few examples;

When it rains at night, both husband and wife have to wake up and only return to sleep once the rain stops. Based on the beliefs of the Lun Bawang, this functions as a way to ward of evil spirits and prevent the pregnant wife from getting disturbed by them

A pregnant woman is not allowed to consume the heart of an animal or a certain type of white mushroom known as kulat buda'

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As most Lun Bawang people have converted to religions, especially Christianity, there are some taboos that are followed as an act of courtesy. For example do not leave the house if a bird flies in. Another one is you must taste a bit of the food prepared for you or else misfortune will happen to you. This act is known as Neketafbt.

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“My hope for Malaysia is that everyone is united regardless of their race, religion, or beliefs.” - JoshuaWe had the opportunity to interview Joshua Macdonald who is a Kadazan from Sabah, Malaysia. He speaks the Kadazan Tangaa dialect and enjoys Kadazan traditional food such as Tuhau, Bambangan and Hinava. He shared about his cultural background and we learned about interesting taboos, customs, and beliefs which have been passed down from his community. It’s heartwarming that these traditions ar

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The Kenyah people are the indigenous people of Borneo, living in interior North and East Kalimantan, Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia.

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The Kenyah people have their own taboos that they follow, just like the previous ethnicities mentioned here.

For example, when a person dies, the items of the dead person should not be left inside the house but instead be buried together with them to avoid them from getting sad and will be able to live in the afterlife happily.

The family of the deceased is not allowed to eat foods that are sour.

If the owner of a paddy field hears a loud sound from a sparrow or sees a when walking to the paddy field, they must return immediately as they see this as a bad omen than can cause them misfortune.

For hunters and forest foragers, they are not allowed to make loud sound when entering the forest or else they would not have any game by the end of the day

They are also not allowed to hunt with an empty stomach.

When in the forest, do not call a person with their real name to prevent the forest spirits, also known as bali, from following the person back to their

homes.

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Back then, the 'ikang' motive is used for activities such as battles, customary practices, taboos and anything related to religion. This is similar to the Iban people and their tattoo motives.

However, these motives do not focus on these things anymore in this modern age. It is now seen as a form of art that has a potential to catch the viewer's eye and is used in a more commercial manner.

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Akademi Pengajian Melayu, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia

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PERBANDINGAN PANTANG LARANG KAUM IBAN DAN KAUM MELANAU | JURNAL MELAYU SEDUNIA

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Pantang larang bermaksud perbuatan yang dilarang untuk dilakukan. Pantang larang ini wujud dalam sesebuah adat dan kepercayaan sesuatu kaum. Dalam konteks masyarakat Iban dan Melanau, pantang larang terbentuk akibat kepercayaan terhadap kekuatan kuasa jahat. Masyarakat Iban dan Melanau percaya bahawa pelanggaran pantang larang akan menyebabkan berlakunya kecelakaan. Namun, terdapat perbezaan pantang larang di antara kedua-dua kaum tersebut terutama dari segi unsur simbol. Objektif pertama kajian ini, ialah mengenal pasti simbol dalam pantang larang masyarakat Iban dan Melanau, kedua menghuraikan perbezaan pantang larang kaum Iban dan Melanau secara umum dan yang terakhir, ialah menganalisis perbezaan unsur simbol dalam pantang larang kaum Iban dan Melanau. Kajian ini menggunakan kajian kepustakaan dan kaedah penyelidikan lapangan di mana data diperoleh melalui temu bual enam orang informan yang berasal dari Bintangor (berketurunan Iban) dan Mukah (berketurunan Melanau). Hasil analisis kajian ini mendapati unsur simbol seperti tumbuhan, perbuatan, benda, dan haiwan dalam pantang larang kaum Iban dan kaum Melanau. Misalnya Melanau mempunyai simbol tumbuhan midin dan kulat, manakala kaum Iban mempunyai simbol tumbuhan padi, labu dan pokok pisang. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini membincangkan perbandingan unsur simbol dan makna dalam pantang larang kaum Iban dan Melanau. Ia bertujuan untuk menjaga tatatertib dalam kehidupan masyarakatnya sekali gus memperingati masyarakatnya untuk sering berhati-hati dan menjauhkan diri daripada sebarang bahaya yang akan mendatang.
Kata kunci: kaum Iban; kaum Melanau; kepercayaan; pantang larang; simbol Taboo means an act that is forbidden to commit. This taboo exists in a custom and belief of a race. In the context of the Iban and Melanau communities, taboos were formed as a result of belief in the forces of evil forces. The Iban and Melanau communities believe that a violation of the taboo will cause an accident. However, there is a taboo difference between the two races especially in terms of symbol elements. The first objective of this study, is to identify symbols in the taboos of the Iban and Melanau communities, the second describes the difference in the taboos of the Ibans and Melanau in general and the last, is to analyze the differences of the symbolic elements in the taboos of the Ibans and Melanaus. This study used library studies and field research methods where data was obtained through interviews of six informants from Bintangor (Iban descent) and Mukah (of Melanau descent). The results of thisanalysis found that symbolic elements such as plants, deeds, objects, and animals in the taboos of the Ibans and Melanau people. For example, Melanau has the symbol of midin and fungal plants, while the Ibans have the symbol of rice, pumpkin and banana trees. Overall, this study discusses the comparison of symbol elements and meanings in the taboos of the Ibans and Melanaus. It aims to maintain discipline in the life of its community thus commemorating its community to be vigilant and stay away from anyfuture dangers .
Keywords: Iban people; Melanau people; believe; taboos; symbols

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Pantang Larang Makanan Etnik Melanau Sarawak

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Ini Rupanya Sebab Mengapa Masyarakat Melanau Banyak Sangat Pantang Larang Makanan

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Ini Rupanya Sebab Mengapa Masyarakat Melanau Banyak Sangat Pantang Larang Makanan. Adakah ia berkaitan kesihatan?

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View of Pantang Larang Kaum Lelaki Melanau, Sarawak dan Kesan Ketidakpatuhan [Taboos Malanau, Sarawak Men and The Effects of Non-Compliance]

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"When you're too concentrated in one community, you don't learn about openness or acceptance. Even if you are being taught in school, you won't be able to accept this or learn this new thing." - Kezia Busak Tommy

Could you tell us a bit about your dialect?

Bitter is a comfort food. It is rice mixed with veggies in soup. It's almost turning into porridge but still in a rice texture. Daun riep (type of leaf) may also be used alongside the Bitter to accompany cangkuk manis (sweet leaf) often found in pan mee. The traditional Lundayeh ajinomoto or MSG comes from a leaf known as daun apak . They sun dry the leaf, until it reaches an extremely dry state, then it is crunched. Meanwhile there is also the Tinafe which is a snack/dessert that is similar to kuih kelupis .

Tayen is the most famous and well known. It is a basket. The string can be made from cloth, rattan, beads as well as kaber (found in the jungle, as wild pineapple tree leaves) or sier (a type of leaf that grows from the paddy field). Kaber is said to have thicker leaves compared to mengkuang (screwpine leaves) which is thinner, growing up to 2-3 meters.

Kezia and her family wearing the Lundayeh attire.

What is your traditional attire like? When do you usually wear them?

For the female attire, Beret is a belt that is often worn by women and is the most essential for them. They also wear Baneh , which is a type of necklace. Leku is also worn as a bracelet, similar to a jade bracelet, but it's white coloured instead. The women wear headpieces known as Ulu Satah , which consists of big, thick beads around the head. The Rong is also used, which is a hat.

We have irau mupun fedeh or irau kumpul padi . Irau means festival, meaning that these are places to feast and party. Irau mupun fedeh is a festival when they collect and harvest, which is celebrated around July however it isn't a big event or as commercialized as the Kadazan and Dusun's. It's the same festival but everything is focused on eating, so you'll find plenty of different foods that you might have never seen before. The more famous one is the pesta lokanen, which is a food festival.

Busak Baku is the most well known traditional dance and song.

Suling is the most common instrument found, often used in performances. It resembles a recorder. The second instrument is the gong. The third is bass, whereby a bamboo of the suitable size will have a hole up and down using a smaller bamboo which then reproduces the sound of bass.

Are there any traditional games you played when you were young?

Sumpit (blowguns). Making belts using beads. Konda kondi (stick throwing).

How are weddings organised in your community?

Fathers on both sides of the family will come to an agreement or an unmarried man and a father will come to an agreement before someone from the groom's family is sent to the bride's family to confirm that the bride is single and not engaged. Another person will be sent to the bride's family to prepare dowry; everyone from the bride's family can request an item and this process usually lasts for the entire day and night. The groom is later invited to the bride's family to build an arch made of firewood. The bigger the arch, the more guests they can accommodate during the wedding. During the ceremony, engaged couple will sit on a tikar (mat) where they will be served food and then pronounced as husband and wife.

Do not leave the house if a bird flies in.

If a moth visits your place, a visitor will arrive or stay over tomorrow.

Neketafbt which is when you must touch or at least taste a bit of the food that has been offered to you because otherwise misfortune may happen to you.

Being too concentrated within your own community can still make it difficult for people to accept the teachings from school because they refuse to adopt the attitude of acceptance and openness. Thus, people are at times unwilling to learn and be more accepting. So, the most important thing is to instill this value.

I would like you to remember us as respectful, friendly, approachable as well as willing to help those in need.

___ Interviewer: Muhammad Thaqif and Venus Choo Jia Qian, supported by Faye Lim Written by: Muhammad Thaqif and Venus Choo Jia Qian Edited by: Yasmin Mortaza

"When you're too concentrated in one community, you don't learn about openness or acceptance. Even if you are being taught in school, you won't be able to accept this or learn this new thing." - Kezia Busak Tommy

Could you tell us a bit about your dialect?

Bitter is a comfort food. It is rice mixed with veggies in soup. It's almost turning into porridge but still in a rice texture. Daun riep (type of leaf) may also be used alongside the Bitter to accompany cangkuk manis (sweet leaf) often found in pan mee. The traditional Lundayeh ajinomoto or MSG comes from a leaf known as daun apak . They sun dry the leaf, until it reaches an extremely dry state, then it is crunched. Meanwhile there is also the Tinafe which is a snack/dessert that is similar to kuih kelupis .

Tayen is the most famous and well known. It is a basket. The string can be made from cloth, rattan, beads as well as kaber (found in the jungle, as wild pineapple tree leaves) or sier (a type of leaf that grows from the paddy field). Kaber is said to have thicker leaves compared to mengkuang (screwpine leaves) which is thinner, growing up to 2-3 meters.

Kezia and her family wearing the Lundayeh attire.

What is your traditional attire like? When do you usually wear them?

For the female attire, Beret is a belt that is often worn by women and is the most essential for them. They also wear Baneh , which is a type of necklace. Leku is also worn as a bracelet, similar to a jade bracelet, but it's white coloured instead. The women wear headpieces known as Ulu Satah , which consists of big, thick beads around the head. The Rong is also used, which is a hat.

We have irau mupun fedeh or irau kumpul padi . Irau means festival, meaning that these are places to feast and party. Irau mupun fedeh is a festival when they collect and harvest, which is celebrated around July however it isn't a big event or as commercialized as the Kadazan and Dusun's. It's the same festival but everything is focused on eating, so you'll find plenty of different foods that you might have never seen before. The more famous one is the pesta lokanen, which is a food festival.

Busak Baku is the most well known traditional dance and song.

Suling is the most common instrument found, often used in performances. It resembles a recorder. The second instrument is the gong. The third is bass, whereby a bamboo of the suitable size will have a hole up and down using a smaller bamboo which then reproduces the sound of bass.

Are there any traditional games you played when you were young?

Sumpit (blowguns). Making belts using beads. Konda kondi (stick throwing).

How are weddings organised in your community?

Fathers on both sides of the family will come to an agreement or an unmarried man and a father will come to an agreement before someone from the groom's family is sent to the bride's family to confirm that the bride is single and not engaged. Another person will be sent to the bride's family to prepare dowry; everyone from the bride's family can request an item and this process usually lasts for the entire day and night. The groom is later invited to the bride's family to build an arch made of firewood. The bigger the arch, the more guests they can accommodate during the wedding. During the ceremony, engaged couple will sit on a tikar (mat) where they will be served food and then pronounced as husband and wife.

Do not leave the house if a bird flies in.

If a moth visits your place, a visitor will arrive or stay over tomorrow.

Neketafbt which is when you must touch or at least taste a bit of the food that has been offered to you because otherwise misfortune may happen to you.

Being too concentrated within your own community can still make it difficult for people to accept the teachings from school because they refuse to adopt the attitude of acceptance and openness. Thus, people are at times unwilling to learn and be more accepting. So, the most important thing is to instill this value.

I would like you to remember us as respectful, friendly, approachable as well as willing to help those in need.

___ Interviewer: Muhammad Thaqif and Venus Choo Jia Qian, supported by Faye Lim Written by: Muhammad Thaqif and Venus Choo Jia Qian Edited by: Yasmin Mortaza

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"When you're too concentrated in one community, you don't learn about openness or acceptance. Even if you are being taught in school, you won't be able to accept this or learn this new thing." - Kezia Busak TommyWe had an amazing opportunity to speak to Kezia Busak Tommy, who is fondly known as Kezia.

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Seni Motif Tatu Tradisional Masyarakat Iban dan Kayan-kenyah di Sarawak (24 pgs)

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1. Community, R. (2022, March 11). Culture (Kadazan): Joshua MacDonald. therojakprojek. https://www.therojakprojek.com/post/kadazan-joshua-macdonald

2. TikTok - Make Your Day. (2024). Tiktok.com.

https://www.tiktok.com/@cikgulenz/video/7311476437972815112‌

3. Development, jised) A., & Othman, I. (2021). Amalan Sogit Dalam Masyarakat Kadazandusun Di Kampung Tuarid Liawan Keningau Sabah: Analisis Terhadap Perubahan Pengamalan Ritual. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development, 6(40), 61–72.

https://jised.com/PDF/JISED-2021-40-10-0 4.pdf‌

4. Kadazan. (2022, August 19). Wikipedia.

https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadazan

‌

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1. Erni Zunatasha Rosli, Fatin Amirah Huwaida Jakariya, Mohd., E., Brain, N. D., Nik, D., & Nur. (2023). PERBANDINGAN PANTANG LARANG KAUM IBAN DAN KAUM MELANAU: COMPARISON OF TABOOS OF THE IBAN AND MELANAU PEOPLE. JURNAL MELAYU SEDUNIA, 6(1), 1–12.

https://doi.org/10.25299/j-lelc.v1i3.8079‌

2. Indai Sampurai. (2023, January 30). “Bekalih di Darat”: A Dayak Iban Rite to Sanction a Taboo Marriage (Part I). The Return of Panggau Warriors. https://tropaws.wordpress.com/2023/01/30/bekalih-di-darat-a-dayak-iban-rite-to-sanction-a-taboo-marriage-part-i/

3. Indai Sampurai. (2022, March 19). The First Incest. The Return of Panggau Warriors. https://tropaws.wordpress.com/2022/03/19/the-first-incest/

4. Ali Osman, M. S., Asri, A., & Tugang, N. (2024). Asal Usul dan Peranan Tradisi Bertatu dalam Budaya Masyarakat Iban. Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, 17(1), 35–56. https://doi.org/10.37052/jm.17(1).no2

5. Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, October 18). Iban people. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iban_people

‌

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1. Pantang Larang Makanan Etnik Melanau Sarawak.

(2022, December 30). Pantang Larang Makanan Etnik Melanau Sarawak. YouTube.

https://youtu.be/9bXaFGjkx9w?si=zZdZnpfyQWmoc473‌

2. Anonymous . (2024). Webpkgcache.com.

https://wwwiloveborneomy.webpkgcache.com/doc/-/s/www.iloveborneo.my/ini-rupanya-sebab-mengapa-masyarakat-melanau-banyak-sangat-pantang-larang-makanan/‌

3. View of Pantang Larang Kaum Lelaki Melanau, Sarawak dan Kesan Ketidakpatuhan [Taboos Malanau, Sarawak Men and The Effects of Non-Compliance]. (2024). Bitarajournal.com. https://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal/article/view/191/616‌

4. Melanau people. (2020, February 10). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanau_people

‌

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1. Rojak Community. (2021, November 3). Culture (Lundayeh): Kezia Busak Tommy. Therojakprojek. https://www.therojakprojek.com/post/culture-lundayeh-kezia-busak-tommy‌

2. ETNIK LUNDAYEH PANTANG LARANG DAN ADAT ISTIADAT. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2024, from https://culture.sabah.gov.my/sites/default/files/uploads/products/files/2023-02/e-book%20Etnik%20Lundayeh-cp.pdf‌

3. Lun Bawang. (2023, May 1). Wikipedia. https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lun_Bawang

‌

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1. JIKCUT TV. (2020, August 5). Pantang Larang Kaum Kenyah. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoLhlBiWRqA‌

2. Jau.M. (2004) Motif tradisional Masyarakat Kayan / kenyah. https://ir.unimas.my/20590/1/Motif%20tradisional%20masyarakat%20Kayan%20Kenyah%20(24%20pgs).pdf

3. Kenyah people. (2023, March 12). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyah_people

‌