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The Haitian Revolution - One Minute History

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Christopher Columbus's landing on Hispaniola led to the near extinction of the indigenous population due to disease and enslavement. The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) resulted in Haiti becoming the first nation founded by former slaves. In response to this, European powers and the U.S. isolated Haiti to prevent further slave revolts. The U.S. officially recognized Haiti's sovereignty in 1862 during its own Civil War, which aimed to end slavery.

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The Haitian Revolution - One Minute History

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The text outlines Brazil's journey to independence in the early 19th century. After the Napoleonic Wars, King John VI of Portugal established a court in Brazil but delayed returning to Portugal to suppress independence movements. In 1820, a liberal revolution in Portugal forced him to return, leaving his son Pedro as regent. When the Portuguese Cortes attempted to reduce Pedro's powers, he declared Brazil's independence in 1822 and became its first emperor. Despite initial military challenges, Brazil achieved independence by 1824, though internal conflicts eventually led to Pedro's abdication.

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Brazilian Independence | 3 Minute History

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Italy's unification from the fall of Rome to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy. Initially divided into independent states, the region saw no calls for unification until Napoleon created the Kingdom of Italy during his invasions. After his defeat, revolutionary movements emerged in 1848 but were quickly suppressed. King Victor Emanuel II, with Prime Minister Cavour, formed alliances, notably with France, leading to the Second War of Italian Independence and the annexation of Lombardy. By 1870, Italy was fully unified, although the new nation faced significant internal challenges and contributed to shifts in the European balance of power that eventually led to World War I.

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REALISM

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REALISM

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ROMANTICISM

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Italy's unification from the fall of Rome to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy. Initially, the peninsula was divided into independent states until Napoleon created the Kingdom of Italy during his invasions. After Napoleon's defeat, revolutionary movements in 1848 emerged but were quickly crushed. King Victor Emanuel II, with Prime Minister Cavour, formed alliances, particularly with France, leading to the Second War of Italian Independence and the annexation of Lombardy. By 1870, Italy was fully unified, but the new nation faced significant internal challenges that influenced the European balance of power, contributing to the onset of World War I.

4o mini

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Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967‎

Abstract

This study investigates one of the largest real estate properties in Palestine in a well-documented historical period starting from the death of Ahmad Basha Al-Jazzar in 1804 till the fall of the West Bank under the Israeli occupation in 1967. This topic has research because it comprised one of the social sectors that played a vital role in the civilization process of the Palestinian community. The properties consisted of about (500.000) dunums that spread in (80) locations from al-Jaleel mountains in the north to Jerusalem in the south, and from the Mediterranean in the west to the River Jordan in the east. Thus it occupied the first rank in the list of large land properties of the traditional Palestinian leadership during that period of time. Accordingly, the family had at its disposal huge social and economic potentials that made it one of the most active social and political forces in the modern history of Palestine. The research focused on three avenues. The first concentrated on the social being that formed the basic foundation of economic entity. Three points were the focus of this discussion: immigration and stability, dominance and influence, and the strategic fortresses that were used to dominate the area and develop the economic capabilities. The second avenue was dedicated to the formation of properties. Influential factors including the feudal system, war spoils and refuge systems during the period from 1831to1864, an addition to purchase, dominance and modernization were discussed. The third avenue concentrated on the size of the properties in three basic dimensions: proliferation, area, and decline.

Abu-Baker, A. (2006). Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 20(2), 451-494. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-020-002-005

[1]A. Abu-Baker, "Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967," An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 451-494, Feb. 2006, doi: 10.35552/0247-020-002-005.

Abu-Baker, Amin. "Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967." An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 20, no. 2, Feb. 2006, pp. 451-94. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-020-002-005.

1.Abu-Baker A. Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) [Internet]. 2006 Feb;20(2):451-94. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247-020-002-005

Abu-Baker, Amin. "Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967." An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) 20, no. 2 (February 2006): 451-94. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-020-002-005.

ملكية آل عبد الهادي في فلسطين 1804-1967م

الملخص

تعالج هذه الدراسة إحدى الملكيات العقارية الكبيرة في فلسطين، في حقبة تاريخية محددة الأبعاد تمتد بين وفاة أحمد باشا الجزار 1804، وسقوط الضفة الغربية في قبضة الاحتلال الإسرائيلي عام1967. وجاء اختيارها مجالا للدراسة والبحث بصفتها إحدى الشرائح الاجتماعية التي لعبت دورا فاعلا في مسيرة المجتمع الفلسطيني الحضارية. وقد استحوذت الملكية على ما يقرب من (500000) دونم امتدت في (80) موقعا منتشرا وسط فلسطين بين جبال الجليل شمالا، والقدس جنوبا، ونهر الأردن شرقا، والبحر المتوسط غربا، وبذلك احتلت المرتبة الأولى في قائمة الملكيات الكبيرة التي شكلتها الزعامات الفلسطينية إبان الفترة التي نعالجها، وهو ما وفر للأسرة مقدرات اقتصادية واجتماعية ضخمة جعلت منها إحدى القوى المحلية الفاعلة في أوساط المجتمع الفلسطيني في العصر الحديث على الصعيدين الاجتماعي، والسياسي. وقد جاءت معالجتها في ثلاثة محاور أسياسية: أفرد الأول منها للتكوين الاجتماعي الذي شكل القاعدة الأساسية للتكوين الاقتصادي، وتم التركيز فيه على ثلاثة عناصر رئيسية، تتمثل في الهجرة، والاستقرار، والسيطرة والنفوذ، والمعاقل الاستراتيجية التي اتخذت منها قلاع متقدمة لبسط السيطرة والنفوذ، وتنمية المقدرات الاقتصادية، في حين خصص المحور الثاني لمعالجة تكوين الملكية، وتم التركيز فيه على العوامل الفاعلة فيها، وفي مقدمتها نظام الإقطاع، ونظام الإلجاء وغنائم الحروب1831-1864، والحداثة، والشراء، والقهر، والغلبة في حين كرس المحور الثالث لمناقشة حجم الملكية، وذلك في ثلاثة أبعاد أساسية هي: الانتشار، والمساحة، والتراجع، والانحدار.

Abu-Baker, A. (2006). Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 20(2), 451-494. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-020-002-005

[1]A. Abu-Baker, "Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967," An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 451-494, Feb. 2006, doi: 10.35552/0247-020-002-005.

Abu-Baker, Amin. "Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967." An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 20, no. 2, Feb. 2006, pp. 451-94. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-020-002-005.

1.Abu-Baker A. Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) [Internet]. 2006 Feb;20(2):451-94. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247-020-002-005

Abu-Baker, Amin. "Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967." An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) 20, no. 2 (February 2006): 451-94. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-020-002-005.

© An-Najah National University 2024

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An-Najah journals | Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967‎

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Properties of Aal Abdul-Hadi in Palestine 1804-1967‎ This study investigates one of the largest real estate properties in Palestine in a well-documented historical period starting from the death of Ahmad Basha Al-Jazzar in 1804 till the fall of the West Bank under the Israeli occupation in 1967.

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The House convened at 11 a.m., beginning with a prayer led by Chaplain Rev. James David Ford, expressing gratitude and trust in the Lord. The Speaker approved the Journal of the previous day's proceedings. The Senate sent a message requesting the House's concurrence on amendments to H.R. 1239, a bill for emergency famine relief in Africa, and announced the appointment of conferees for discussion. A concurrent resolution was introduced to commend Lt. Gen. Lincoln D. Faurer for his distinguished service as Director of the National Security Agency and to urge the President to award him the National Security Medal. Mr. Hamilton highlighted General Faurer's significant contributions and leadership in enhancing U.S. intelligence operations, despite the challenges and risks associated with his role.

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In December 1917, the Left wing of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) created the newspaper Il Soviet, celebrating the Russian Revolution and supporting Lenin's ideas. By 1919, the Communist Abstentionist fraction rejected the parliamentary methods of the PSI's Right and Center, aligning with the Third International's strategies. At the 1921 Congress of Livorno, the Left split from the reformist PSI to form the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I) based on the Communist International's "21 points." The Left actively fought against Social-Democratic reformism and Fascist violence, viewing Fascism as a tool of capital during the postwar crisis. Despite their sacrifices, the revolutionary potential diminished, and the Party struggled against the entrenched influences of the old PSI and labor movements.

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(The following document is an old introduction to the basic history of the Internationalist Communist Party (Battaglia Comunista) which was founded in 1943 and is the oldest continuously existing organisation of the Communist Left. Its history is now part of the history of the current Internationalist Communist Tendency.