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Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with a full set of DNAS.

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The steps are:

1. Interphase: The cell prepares for division by replicating its DNA.

2. Prophase: Chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope dissolves.

3. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane.

4. Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

5. Telophase: New nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromatids.

6. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, creating two identical daughter cells.

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Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces four genetically unique daughter cells, each with half the DNA of the parent cell.

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It involves two rounds of division:

1. Meiosis I:

Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing-over.

Metaphase I: Homologous pairs align at the equatorial plane.

Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes are separated to opposite poles.

Telophase I and Cytokinesis: Two haploid cells are formed.

2. Meiosis II:

Prophase II: Chromosomes condense again.

Metaphase II: Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane.

Anaphase II: Sister chromatids are pulled apart.

Telophase II and Cytokinesis: Four haploid cells are formed.

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Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells (diploid), while meiosis produces four genetically unique daughter cells (haploid).

Mitosis involves one division, whereas meiosis involves two.

Crossing-over and independent assortment occur in meiosis, generating genetic diversity.

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Chromosome Behavior in Meiosis and Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

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Chromosome Behavior in Meiosis and Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

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During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material in Prophase I through crossing-over. This creates new combinations of alleles. In Metaphase I, homologous pairs align randomly at the equatorial plane, and in Anaphase I, they are separated independently. This random alignment and separation explain Mendel’s law of independent assortment, which states that alleles of different genes are inherited independently of each other. These processes ensure genetic variation in gametes.

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Stages Of Mitosis And Meiosis Diagrams. (2021). Inspiredpencil.com. https://ar.inspiredpencil.com/pictures-2023/stages-of-mitosis-and-meiosis-diagrams

Mitosis vs Meiosis. (2025). Bioninja.com.au. https://www.ib.bioninja.com.au/mitosis-vs-meiosis/

Helmenstine, A. (2023, September 12). Mitosis vs Meiosis. Science Notes and Projects. https://sciencenotes.org/mitosis-vs-meiosis/

Science Facts. (2020, October 3). Mitosis vs Meiosis: 14 Main Differences Along With Similarities. Science Facts. https://www.sciencefacts.net/mitosis-vs-meiosis.html