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The ability to read text accurately, quickly and with expression.

Fluency bridges decoding and comprehension: When students read smoothly, they can focus on meaning. (Rasinski, 2012)

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The relationship betwen letters and the sounds they represent.

Phonics instruction teaches children how to connect these letters and sounds to read and spell words accurately.

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The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

Phonemes are the smallest units that make up the spoken english language. English has 41. (National Reading Panel, n.d.)

This is an auditory skills: Students don't yet work with prented letters.

It is the foundation for decoding and spelling.

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Activity: Sound Boxes

Students push a counter into a box for each sound they hear in a word.

Differentation:

Emerging learners: Use simple CVC words with clear sounds.

Developing learns: Blend and segment 4-5 sound words.

Advanced learners: Manipulate phonemes (add, delete, substitue sounds)

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1. Starfall's Phonemic Awareness Games: Free, engaging activities for practicing listening to sounds: www.starfall.com

2. Zero-to-Three Early Literacy Tips: Includes sound play activites for families who may have limited materials or time: https://www.zerotothree.org/resources

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Sound Wall: A visual with mouth formation pictures for each sound

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Sound Wall: A visual with mouth formation pictures for each sound

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Activity: Word Building with Letter Tiles

Students use magnetic letters or tiles to build and sound out the words

Differentation

Emerging learners: Focus on beginning letter sounds

Developing learners: Blend CVC words

Advanced learners: Work with digraphs and blends

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1. PBS Kids Reading Games: Interactive phonics and decoding practice: Https://pbskids.org/games/reading/

2. Family Phonics Toolkit (Colorin Colorado): Great for multilingual and multicultural families: https://www.colorincolorado.org/

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Activity: Readers Theater

Students practice short scripts in pairs or small groups, then perform for the class.

Differentation

Emerging Learners: Use repetitive text and simple sentences

Developng Learners: Add short dialogues

Advanced Learners: Include expressive punctuation and dialogue tags.

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1. Storyline Online: Free videos of actors reading books aloud with expression: https://www.storylineonline.net/

2. Reading Rockets' Family Fluency Ideas: Includes strategies for busy or blind households: https://www.readingrockets.org/families