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Vascular Cambium: The tallest people in the world

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Vascular Cambium: The tallest people in the world

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The main purpose of the vascular cambium is to encourage the growth of plants by providing non-specialized stem cells

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Lakhta Center, Высотная улица, Saint Petersburg, Russia

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Apical and lateral tissues: The tallest building in Europe

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Apical and lateral tissues: The tallest building in Europe

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Apical and lateral tissue are responsible for growth in a plant. The former specializes in growth up/tall it is found at the roots and shoot tips, the latter is responsible for secondary growth (wide).

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Vascular Tissue: Biggest highway In Europe

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Vascular Tissue: Biggest highway In Europe

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Vascular tissue is the transport system of a plant (like a highway). It is compromised of the xylem and phloem (known as the vascular bundle)

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Ground tissue takes up most of the space in the inside of a plant (hence biggest city) it is composed of parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and collenchyma tissues

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Dermal tissue is the outer layer of a plant. It protects the plant from damage like a wall, and keeps it hydrated. It consists of the epidermal cells, which form a waxy layer known as the cuticle, and stomata, pairs of cells that act as gates for air and moisture to move in and out.

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Parenchyma: Biggest natural gas field in Europe

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Parenchyma: Biggest natural gas field in Europe

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The parenchyma tissue is a thin type of tissue that is mostly used for storage of nutrients and water (like a gas field)

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Sclerenchyma: Largest cement company in Europe

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Sclerenchyma: Largest cement company in Europe

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The sclerenchyma is a tissue made up of cells with thicks cell walls, it is used for support like cement

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Freudenberg Group, Höhnerweg, Weinheim, Germany

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Collenchyma: Biggest rubber factory in Europe

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Collenchyma: Biggest rubber factory in Europe

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Collenchyma is a tissue like rubber that provides support and strength but is also flexible, allowing plants to bend but not break

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Francisco Pizarro, Burguillos del Cerro, Extremadura, Spain

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Chloroplast: Biggest solar farm in Europe

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Chloroplast: Biggest solar farm in Europe

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Chloroplasts are organelles that through photosynthesis, use the energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy

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Blade: Largest solar panel factory in Europe

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Blade: Largest solar panel factory in Europe

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The blade is the wide, thin part of a leaf that is distinct from the petiole. It is used for photosynthesis like a solar panel

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Veja Bridge, Sant'Anna d'Alfaedo, VR, Italy

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The petiole is the small stalk that connects the leaf to the stem, it is like a bridge connecting the two things

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Lake District National Park, United Kingdom

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A simple leaf is a leaf blade that is one piece like a single lake

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A compound leaf is a leaf that has one stem and multiple leaflets on that stem. It is like a river that has many bodies of water off of it

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Holzbrücke Bad Säckingen, Holzbrücke, Stein, Switzerland

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Cuticle: Europe's longest covered bridge

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Cuticle: Europe's longest covered bridge

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The cuticle is a film that protects the outside of the leaf

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Spongy Mesophyll: Europe's largest cotton producer

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Spongy Mesophyll: Europe's largest cotton producer

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The spongy mesophyll is a layer of loosely packed cells below the palisade mesophyll

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Herbaceous Stem:: Europe's largest flower garden

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Herbaceous Stem:: Europe's largest flower garden

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A herbaceous stem is a plant that is soft and flexible, they are usually green and die in the winter, annual flowers and vegetables have herbaceous stems

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A woody stem is a stem that is hard and produces wood. these plants grow bigger than herbaceous plants because they don't die in the winter but stay alive above ground

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Monocots are grass and grasslike plants that have flowers, and one embryonic leaf, examples are corn, wheat and grasses

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Dicot: Best sunflower fields in the world

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Dicot: Best sunflower fields in the world

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A dicot is a flowering plant that has two embryonic leaves, examples are sunflowers, deciduous trees, and beans

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Ten Cate Advanced Armour, Rue du Bourg Vieux, Primarette, France

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Periderm: The largest armour provider in Europe

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Periderm: The largest armour provider in Europe

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The periderm is a protective outer tissue on some pants (mostly on woody plants) that functions like armour to protect the tree

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Cork Cambium: Where cork oaks grow in Europe

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Cork Cambium: Where cork oaks grow in Europe

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The cork cambium is a kind of lateral meristematic tissue in plants with woody stems, responsible for the growing of the hard outer coating, like bark, the cells in the cork cambium on a cork oak are used to form cork for wine stoppers

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3. Transpiration, the loss of water from leaves (mostly through stomata), creates a force within leaves that pulls xylem sap upward. 4. Through stomata, leaves take in CO2 and expel O2. The CO2 provides carbon for photosynthesis. Some O2 produced by photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration. 2.

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Colonial Pipeline Co, Lake Street, Alpharetta, GA, USA

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The xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots throughout the plants like a pipeline bringing oil around a country

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The phloem is a vascular tissue that transports food materials to the growing parts of a plant, it is like a highway through the plant

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RailGiants Train Museum, West McKinley Avenue, Pomona, CA, USA

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Transpiration: Biggest steam train in the world

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Transpiration: Biggest steam train in the world

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Transpiration is the movement and evaporation of water in a plant, it helps move water to the upper parts of the plants

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Union Pacific Railroad - Global IV, Centerpoint Way, Joliet, IL, USA

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Vascular Cylinder: Biggest railway in North America

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Vascular Cylinder: Biggest railway in North America

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The vascular cylinder is the bundle of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) where water, food, and nutrients are transported throughout the plant

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Seattle Ballooning, Southwest 170th Street, Burien, WA, USA

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Turgor Pressure: Largest hot air balloon in North America

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Turgor Pressure: Largest hot air balloon in North America

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Turgor Pressure is the pressure exerted on the walls of a cell, this pressure keeps the cell walls rigid, like air in a hot air balloon

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National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL, USA

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Adhesion in plants allows water to stick to their organic tissues like sticking to their leaves, it is when water is magnetized towards other subtastances

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Cohesion is where water molecules stick together this helps with the transport of water in a plant

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Calypso Theme Waterpark, Calypso Street, Limoges, ON

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Tracheids: Longest tube waterslide in Canada

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Tracheids: Longest tube waterslide in Canada

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The tracheid is a tube shaped cell (like a tube water slide) in the xylem that provides support and helps with transport of water

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Sieve Cells: Biggest silo in North America

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Sieve Cells: Biggest silo in North America

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Sieve cells are tube like cells in the phloem that help with food transport like an auger moving food

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Companion cells are a type of cell that follow and help regulate sieve cells (like the secret service with the President), they are found in the phloem

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The palisade mesophyll is a layer of cells that contain lots of chloroplasts and is a main site of photosynthesis, the cells look like standing stones

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Root hair: Biggest subway system in North America

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Root hair: Biggest subway system in North America

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The root hairs in a plant are hair like extensions on the roots of a plant that increase the surface of a root and help absorb water and nutrients

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Myakka River State Park Big Flats Campground, Myakka State Park Road, Sarasota, FL, USA

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Epidermis: Biggest canopy walkway in North America

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Epidermis: Biggest canopy walkway in North America

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The epidermis is a protective layer over the plant, it helps protect the plant from infection and other harm and prevents water loss, like a canopy over a forest

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The cortex is a layer of tissue between the epidermis and vascular tissues, the cells are unspecialized but its main function is storage of nutrients, like a warehouse

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The endodermis in a plant is a layer of cells that separate the inner and outer layer of a plant and regulates the flow of water and ions like a lock in a river

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Gateway Geyser, West Trendley Avenue, East St. Louis, IL, USA

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Casparian Strip: Biggest fountain in North America

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Casparian Strip: Biggest fountain in North America

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The casparian strip is a waterproof band like a fountain, that helps with transport by forcing nutrients along

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Atlanta Airport - International Terminal, Maynard H. Jackson Jr. Boulevard, Atlanta, GA, USA

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Translocation: The busiest airport in North America

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Translocation: The busiest airport in North America

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Translocation is the movement of nutrients like sugars to other parts of the plants like an airport moving people throughout a country

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Root Pressure: Best fire hose manufacturer in north America (Snap-tite hose)

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Root Pressure: Best fire hose manufacturer in north America (Snap-tite hose)

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Root pressure is the force in the roots that forces sap to rise to the higher parts of a plant like a hose

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South America: Plant Growth Regulators and Community

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South America: Plant Growth Regulators and Community

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Plant growth regulators (PGR s) are molecules that influence the development of plants and are generally active at very low concentrations. There are natural regulators, which are produced by the plant itself, and also synthetic regulators; those found naturally in plants are called phytohormones or plant hormones.

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Tropism: Best sunflower field in South America

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Tropism: Best sunflower field in South America

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Tropism is when a plant moves or grows in another direction due to some factor such as sunflowers moving to face the sun to receive sunlight

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ofsantos segurança do trabalho - Rua Joaquim Gomes - Parque Ortolândia, Hortolândia - State of São Paulo, Brazil

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Phototropism: The leaning towers of Santos

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Phototropism: The leaning towers of Santos

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Phototropism is a plant that changes its direction to face sunlight or a light source making them lean to one side or another

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Gravitropism is the growth of a plant when faced with a different gravitational force, like how a tree on a pyramid will not grow diagonal but rather straight up

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Thigmotropism is the growth of a plant when affected by the touch of something like a wall or fence, or in some cases like mimosa pudica where if you touch it it shrinks away, mimosa pudica is native to South and Central America

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Forestal Selva Valdiviana, Valdivia, Chile

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Gibberellins: Tallest trees in South America

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Gibberellins: Tallest trees in South America

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Gibberellins are plant growth regulators that helps plants grow taller

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Amazon Rainforest - Codajás, State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Cytokinins are a hormone in plants that promotes cell division and regulate the cell cycle, helping plants be diverse and thrive

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San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén Province, Argentina

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Ethylene: Best leaf colour changes in South America

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Ethylene: Best leaf colour changes in South America

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Ethylene is a hormone in plants that regulates growth and senescence, it can also have affects such as colour change in leaves, when a leaf has more ethylene change colour showing senescense

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Abscisic Acid: Biggest cactuses in the world

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Abscisic Acid: Biggest cactuses in the world

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Abscisic acid is a regulating hormone that can help a plant survive in drought (like a cactus) by inhibiting growth, it also regulates flowering time

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Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia

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Auxin is a hormone in plants that regulates and promotes cell division, and growth, they are found in the roots and shoot tips

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Succession: Most diverse orchid population

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Succession: Most diverse orchid population

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Succession is the natural change and evolution of a plant over time, an example in plants are orchids which are the most evolved plant with up to 30,000 species

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Primary Succession: Biggest volcanic eruption in South America

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Primary Succession: Biggest volcanic eruption in South America

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Primary succession is when plants inhabit a new patch of untouched land, like after a volcano eruption where the lava kills all other plants, after this plants start primary succession adapting to the untouched environment

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Secondary Succession: Biggest forest fire in South America

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Secondary Succession: Biggest forest fire in South America

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Secondary succession is when a is when a plant is affected by something like a fire and has to restart growing, but it is not completely untouched like in primary succession because nutrients and the soil are still present

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A pioneer species is a species that starts again in primary succession, where such as after a lava spill an untouched piece of land is ready to be repopulated. Lava cactus' in Galapagos are often a pioneer plant after a lava spill

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Parque Nacional Alerce Costero, Corral, Chile

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Stable Community: Oldest tree in South America

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Stable Community: Oldest tree in South America

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A stable community is an ecosystem of plants that remains constant and stable over time, not much change occurs and the ecosystem grows old

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An ecosystem is a community of organisms that compliment each other in the sense that the community stays in harmony, they all regulate each other. An example is the Amazon rainforest which is the largest, most diverse and possibly oldest ecosystem

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Asexual reproduction is where a plant produces offspring by itself so the offspring is genetically identical to the parent, South Africa has many asexual species such as some bees there, acacia trees, etc.

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Stolon: Biggest strawberry farm in Africa

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Stolon: Biggest strawberry farm in Africa

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Stolons (also called runners) are stems that grow along the ground that grow roots, strawberries are best know for having stolons

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Corms: Largest silo complex in the Southern Hemisphere

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Corms: Largest silo complex in the Southern Hemisphere

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A corm is an underground plant stem used as a storage organ, like a silo, but underground, it can help a plant survive the winter

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Grafting is when two plants are joined by their tissues so they can grow together, this is common in olive trees and vines

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A scion is a bud or shoot that is detached from its original plant and will be joined to another plant by grafting. This is common in vineyards

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The Iconic Tower, Cairo Governorate Desert, Egypt

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The stalk on a plant is one of two structural parts (the other being the roots) and it supports the leaves flowers and fruits, it is like the slim part of a skyscraper holding up the wide part on top

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Angiosperm: Biggest baobab tree in the world

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Angiosperm: Biggest baobab tree in the world

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An angiosperm is a plant that makes flowers, and their seeds are inside of fruit, an example is a baobab tree the oldest living angiosperm

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A gymnosperm is a plant that produces their seeds exposed, such as welwitschia cones

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A seed is a flowering plants way of reproducing, it is their offspring, the biggest seeds are from coco de mer palm trees

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Endosperm: Biggest wheat producing country in Africa

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Endosperm: Biggest wheat producing country in Africa

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An endosperm is part of a seed in a plant, it acts a s storage for the plant's embryo, an example is wheat, where the endosperm is ground into flour

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Microspore: Smallest animal in Africa: Antlions

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Microspore: Smallest animal in Africa: Antlions

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A microspore is one of two kinds of spores from a plant, it is the smaller one and becomes a male gametophyte

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Megaspores: Biggest animal in Africa: Elephants

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Megaspores: Biggest animal in Africa: Elephants

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Megaspores are one of two kinds of spores in a plant, they are the larger ones and become female gemtophytes

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Gametophyte: Biggest game reserve in Africa

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Gametophyte: Biggest game reserve in Africa

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A gametophyte is the reproductive stage in plants that comes from spores. Male gametophytes come from microspores and female ones from megaspores. Male and female gametes then unite during fertilization and form a zygote

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Pollen Grain: Most pollen rich trees in Africa: Cypress

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Pollen Grain: Most pollen rich trees in Africa: Cypress

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Pollen grain are small cells and are part of the male part of a plant (microspores) that become male gametophytes

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Cross Pollination: Windiest city in Africa

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Cross Pollination: Windiest city in Africa

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Cross pollination is when pollen from one plant pollinates another plant, naturally this occurs due to wind, but is also used by gardeners and farmers

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The pollen tube is a hollow tube (like bamboo) that is formed by pollen on the stigma of a flower

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Zygote: Biggest eggs in the world: Ostrich eggs

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Zygote: Biggest eggs in the world: Ostrich eggs

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A zygote is a fertilized egg formed from male and female gametophytes

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Sporophyte is a stage in a plant where it is non sexual (like a rock) and produces spores

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EAST AFRICA BANK - TOWER, Rue de Athenes, Djibouti

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The stamen is the male sex organ on a flower, it is long and thin and consists of a filament and an anther and looks like a bent skyscraper

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An anther is pat of the stamen on a plant, it is a sac attached to the filament that has pollen in it, Hydnora Africana plants have the biggest anthers in Africa

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The filament is another part of the stamen on a flower, it is the long thin part (looks like cell tower) and the anther is at the end of it

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The carpel is the innermost part of a flower the the ovaries are inside of it, it is like a cave inside of the flower hiding the seeds

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The stigma is the tip of the carpel like a peak on the flower, it is part of the female sex organs and attracts pollen grains

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The style is part of the female sex organs on a flower, it is a long tube structure (like a tree) that connects the ovaries and the stigma

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The ovary is part of the female se organs, it will become a fruit and will have the seeds inside on angiosperms, it looks like a stalagmite inside the carpel

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The petal is the part of the flower that is often brightly coloured and it produces pollen, they often surround the sex organs

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The embryo in a plant is the part of a seed that has the plant structures like the roots, stem and leaves in it

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Pericarp: Biggest gated community in Africa

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Pericarp: Biggest gated community in Africa

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The pericarp is the skin/coat on fruit. it protects the seeds inside the fruit (like a wall) and consists of two layers

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Joburg Market, Fortune Street, City Deep, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Fruit: Biggest fresh fruit market in Africa

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Fruit: Biggest fresh fruit market in Africa

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Fruit is the matured ovaries of a flower, it is often sweet and can be eaten as food, it also contains seeds

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Self pollination is pollination of a plant by its own pollen, it is not asexual, it can be seen in many plants such as orchids

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Canna UK. (n.d.). Plant Growth Regulators. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://www.canna-uk.com/plant_growth_regulators.

Dreamstime. (n.d.). Plant Anatomy with Structure and Internal Side View Parts Outline. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://www.dreamstime.com/plant-anatomy-structure-internal-side-view-parts-outline-diagram-educational-labeled-botany-explanation-cross-section-image228444254.

Genie Book. (n.d.). Reproduction in Plants: Structures and Pollination. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://geniebook.com/tuition/primary-5/science/plant-reproduction-structures-and-pollination.

Slide Player. (n.d.). Plant Transport. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://slideplayer.com/slide/10448629/.