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“Combines”

-Abstract expressionism became the expectable style very quickly even though it was rejected at first.

-Because of this the next generation went against that.

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-Art as experience

-Not collectable

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-She is known for almost overwhelming you with her vibrant art

-These rooms are all inclusive experiences

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Activist Art: Betye Saar, The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, 1972

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Activist Art: Betye Saar, The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, 1972

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Activist Art: Art as political statement

-She took an old stereotype of black slave workers and she fought against that

-She wanted to fight against the idea that black women were happy raising white ppls children and making pancakes

-The woman is armed w a granade and a gun

-she said that she didn't like violence but she needed to be seen

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-The earth is the canvas

-Interactive

-Out of the gallery—less elitist

-Not collectable

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-Sought to be completely unemotional

-What you see is what you see- Frank Stella

-denial of meaning

-Reduced to most basic parts

-Minimalism has been a long time coming

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Performance Art: Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare, Nov. 26, 1965

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Performance Art: Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare, Nov. 26, 1965

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-Art as life

-Improvisation; unpredictable

-He was shot down in world war 2 and was saved in some sort of a weird way

-He would cover his face in honey and gold

-He would walk around the museum and mutter to this rabbit about what art means

-It was kind of strange and random

-He also thought that art should be easier to understand and that we shouldn't need someone to explain what it means to us

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-They wanted to simplify art and make it more accessible to the world

-Reaction to elitism of Abstract Expressionism; unemotional
-Similar to Dada in love of ready-made, common objects

-Sought a mass-produced look—accessible

-Interested in mass media and pop culture

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-Breaking Rules!

(two branches—Action Painting and Color Field Painting):

-Influenced by Surrealism

-Art about emotion, myth, universal forces

-Brought attention to the paint on the canvas (rather than hiding)

-Brought NYC to the center of the art world

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-This room is kinda trippy and scary

-When ur in there you can't really see the floor and it feels like you are just hanging out in space

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Video Art: Nam June Paik. Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. 1995

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Video Art: Nam June Paik. Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. 1995

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-Paik wanted to highlight that the way that we learn about and experience the world is through screens

-Each state shows things that are classical to that state

-This is a permanent instillation

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Feminist Art: Judy Chicago. The Dinner Party. 1979

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Feminist Art: Judy Chicago. The Dinner Party. 1979

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-She decided that the one thing that hadn't changed in the 2oth century was that women have been ignored

-She found a 1000 woman from art history that have been ignored

-She gave 39 important woman and seat at the table

-There are also names of woman written in tile

-She made table runners bc woman were always encouraged to do that

-This is a collaborative work, she had a bunch of woman help her finish it

-There's abstract female genitilia depicted in an abstract way which gathered a lot of attention

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude.  Running Fence Sonoma and Marin counties, California. 1972–76

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Christo and Jeanne-Claude.  Running Fence Sonoma and Marin counties, California. 1972–76

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-This work was only up for 2 weeks

-This work was monumental and it took a bunch of work

-He had to get city permits and permission from private land owners

-He hired workers to help him install it

-Millions ppl went and saw it for the 2 weeks

-Now the work lives on through video and photography

-He's from Bulgaria

-He spent 2 million dollars install it

-A lot of ppl didn't think that this work was art

-He had to convince everyone to let him install it and they all had a change of heart

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-This is untitled bc he didn't want us to assign any meaning to it

-He didn't even make them

-He just told the museum how he wanted it to be set up

-He said that art just needs to look interesting

-the simplicity and satisfying order catches ppls attention

-In a crazy chaotic world it's nice to find something simple

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-He made a series of all these v shapes and then he put them together

-He didn't put art on a traditional canvas and thats how he broke the rules

-He carefully painted these straight lines

-Why does he give us this complect title if we are just supposed to look at it

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-He blew up comic book art and made it into a beautiful work of art

-Sometimes he would change the composition

-He is questioning the idea that there is low art and high art

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-Art was never allowed to be touched

-it's impossible to climb around in here and be polite

-it looks very cool from an overhead view

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-He has a sense of humor

-He says you think this is a flag but this is not a flag

-Flags are completely flat and he stacked 3 canvases and he painted w think paint using wax to make it look very textured

-They are canvases and so this flag can't be used as an actual flag

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-He wasn't into the expressiveness an he didn't think he could change the world through his art.

-It's painted on a real bed

-the dripping paint is almost making fun of Jackson Pollock

-His realism is that he is making his art out of the real world.

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Postwar Sculpture: Louise Nevelson. Sky Cathedral—Moon Garden Plus One. 1957–60

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Postwar Sculpture: Louise Nevelson. Sky Cathedral—Moon Garden Plus One. 1957–60

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-She would walk around town and pick up junk and build these huge scale works.

-She would paint them a solid color and this one was painted black

-she celled this one sky cathedral

-she had the gallery dim the light and she wants it to feel like dusk

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Post-Painterly Abstraction: Helen Frankenthaler. Mountains and Sea. 1952

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Post-Painterly Abstraction: Helen Frankenthaler. Mountains and Sea. 1952

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-She invented a new technique called stain painting. She would splash it onto the canvas

- She is using thinned oil paint

-She would pour it on there and then she would move the canvas around

-She never touched her brush onto the canvas

-She invited a lack of control into her process

-She was very bold in her art style which was not common from women during this time

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Color field painting: Mark Rothko No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953

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Color field painting: Mark Rothko No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953

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-plains of color that overlap

-soft-edged, atmospheric feeling

-he wanted his paintings to make you feel something and to take you into another world

-He wanted to express basic human experiences

-ppl would break down and cry when they looked at his paintings

-he wanted you to get up really close and to be enveloped by the painting

-they usually have a huge scale

-they don't show a lot of gesture

-they aren't representational

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Precisionism: Charles Demuth, My Egypt, 1927

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Precisionism: Charles Demuth, My Egypt, 1927

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-The angles on here are really cool

-Grain elevator

-This is a time of plenty

-Right before the great depression

-My Egypt is foreshadowing to the great depression bc of the grain stored before the famine (but he didn't know the great depression was going to come)

-This grain elevators are like the modern day pyramids

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Dorothea Lange. Migrant Mother, California. 1936

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Dorothea Lange. Migrant Mother, California. 1936

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-She had a grant from Franklin D Roosevelt and she was driving around and she took pictures of these ppl that were on the side of the street. Their car had broken down. She left and she felt like she needed to go back bc she didn't say what she needed to say. When she went back that is when she took this picture

-It caught politicians attention and this is when ppl started actually helping the migrants

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-This city scene is very unique bc it's very empty and quiet

-they aren't looking at each other in the eye

-there is no door for you to go in to join them

-the colors feel a little unnatural

-It makes you feel like it's to late at night

-reminds you of van Gogh's night cafe

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Protest Art: Pablo Picasso. Guernica. 1937

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Protest Art: Pablo Picasso. Guernica. 1937

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-This is about when the innocent town of Guernica was bombed. There was no strategic value to bombing this town. It was just an act of terrorism

-You can see feelings of agony, horror, death, etc.

-You can see a dead baby and a mother crying out in pain

-The bird is the dove of peace, and it has fallen

-The bull was a symbol of Natzi forces

-The horse was a symbol of the innocent ppl

-The electric light shows how technology is a huge part of this violence. It's black and white bc he didn't want colors to distract from what he's trying to say.

-It also represents how he read this story in the news. You can see some of the paper has text on it like a news paper.

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-This is very biographical which is what most of her art was like

-she had many surgeries and she was often bed ridden and her family put a mirror above her bed and she would paint self portraits

-at this point she was divorced

-the one holding the locket his holding a picture of him and she is wearing more traditional peasant clothing which is what he liked her to wear and she would have stood out

-The other frida is wearing what was traditional for her mothers heritage and she is cutting of the vein

-

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-he was a famous mural painter

-this is an age of mural painting

-they felt that art was very elite and they wanted to bring their art to the ppl

-This isn't a mural

-this is a worker carrying a beautiful burden

-the forms are very simplified

-He didn't want it to look European

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Theme: Seeking a National Identity

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Harlem Renaissance: “In the North the Negro Had Better Educational Facilities,” from the Migration of the Negro series, 1940-41

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Harlem Renaissance: “In the North the Negro Had Better Educational Facilities,” from the Migration of the Negro series, 1940-41

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-very simplified and abstract

-Simplification can really pack a punch

-he used tempera paint instead of oil, so it wouldn't blend as well

-comes from a series of 60 works

-They are very journalistic and objective

-This is talking about racism and Segregation towards African Americans

-The facts aren't emotionalized, they aren't all negative or positive

-This particular work is showing how their education is better, and bc of this, they grew mentally

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American Regionalism: Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930

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American Regionalism: Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930

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-This is an icon of American art

-The vertical lines throughout the painting makes it feel very classical

-The way it's painted show that these ppl are very neat, crisp, and sharp.

-There are very serious and sad looking

-These are hard working ppl

-They are probably very frugal

-These are prolly their best clothes

-Everything is very clean and tidy

-They have this protest and work ethic

-The Gothic arch in this window and the cross is hidden in the painting all over

-The steeple on their house shows their religion as well

-This is the artists dentist that he asked to be the model and the woman is his sister

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Stuart Davis, Hot Still-Scape for Six Colors - 7th Avenue Style. 1940.

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Stuart Davis, Hot Still-Scape for Six Colors - 7th Avenue Style. 1940.

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-rejecting the bland colors of Picasso

-he wanted to capture the color and energy of the city

-This is capturing the feeling of the city rather then what it looked like

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Georgia O’Keeffe, Deer’s Skull with Pedernal, 1936

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Georgia O’Keeffe, Deer’s Skull with Pedernal, 1936

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-sold for the highest price of a painting sold in an auction made by a woman (44 million)

-She still holds the record for woman

-She loved painting this mountain

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-She was a very prominent artist in New York

-She was influenced by photography

-During this time artists started doing the close-ups that you could get using photography

-bc it's so close up it almost becomes abstract

-New Yorkers are so busy that no one has time to stop and see a flower so she made them so blown up that they would have to stop and see the flowers

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De Stijl: Piet Mondrian. Composition (Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow). 1930

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De Stijl: Piet Mondrian. Composition (Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow). 1930

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De Stijl (The Style)

Dutch movement

Sought to create utopian environment through geometric abstraction

Sought universal order that would make nationalism obsolete

Also called International Style and Neo-Plasticism

-He didn't just paint squares

-He slowly evolved to his signature style. He wasn't just trying to find a way to make cheap art

-He wanted to show universal truth in his work

-He wanted to show big ideas like the fact that there are rules and order in space and that there is balance and harmony

-He had seen the destruction of world war 1 and he had seen how nationalism had lead to war and violence

-He wanted ppl to be international and he felt that art could do that

-If we focus on shapes only than the world would be simplified

-w/o the yellow rectangle, this composition isn't very good and balanced

-Gerrit Rietveld joined this movement and he wanted to bring the style into everyday life. He made chairs, a house, etc.

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-He was born in England and his father was a coal miner

-He liked the simplification of shapes and he would make reclining figures and they were usually woman

-This is a very rough finished wood and it reminded of the rough rolling hill from where he grew up

-The waviness feels very organic

-It stands for mother earth or the goddess fertility

-He also sculpted families

-He made a lot of money but he lived frugally and he put his money into a foundation to help young artists

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Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939

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Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939

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-He was an American but he went to Paris to study art.

-This is where the crib mobiles were invented

-This mobile is huge and it takes up a bunch of space

-It is all very carefully balanced and it moves

-This doesn't perfectly match the sculpture

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Meret Oppenheim. Object (Luncheon in Fur). 1936 

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Meret Oppenheim. Object (Luncheon in Fur). 1936 

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-She met Picasso at tea and he complimented her fur bracelet. He said you could cover anything in fur and she said yeah like this tea

-You completely change the object when you put 2 things together

-everyone looks at this and imagines the experience of putting that spoon and cup to their lips.

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-He's taken 2 functional things and made them into a violent and destructive object

-It camptures the emotions of pain and destruction

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Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 

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Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 

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-Memory can be very irrational

-The cliffs are based off of the Mediterranean coast

-The sea is frozen and it's not moving

-The ants are swarming on the clock

-The form on the ground looks like a horse, face, etc.

-Time is very rational but other times it can feel very irrational. Our concept of time is skewed

-It's a very small painting

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René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1928-29

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René Magritte, The Treachery of Images, 1928-29

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-This is just an image on a surface

-Art is never real

-It is realistic painting but it is about abstract art and ideas

-He painted the eye painting and it talks about some similar ideas

-The eye can only see what's on the surface

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-He was starving and he hallucinated and then he painted what he saw

-this is very flat

-they look like biomorphic forms, like they could shift shape at any moment

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-she turned to printmaking so that she could mass produce it and put it all over town

-she suffered a lot in world war 1 bc her son lied abt his age and went to war. He died in the first week he was gone

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Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic, 1919

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Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic, 1919

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-This is the first of a photo montage- a collage using photos

- You can tell that she doesn't agree w the government

-the machinery is parts of weapons and tanks

-in the anti dada words are by the government leaders and by the words dada we have the artists

-she was not allowed into the German art academy because she was a woman

-she wanted her art to be opposite to the art that was done in the academies

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Raoul Hausmann. Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age). ca. 1920 

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Raoul Hausmann. Mechanical Head (Spirit of the Age). ca. 1920 

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-this one is from Germany

-this artist was apposed to the German government around him

-He took the head of a dummy and he stuck stuff to his head

-shows the Germans obsession to being very precise

-this is how he feels about German people in general. He feels that the German have ideas on the outside of their head but that there is nothing on the inside.

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-He had a similar idea about the absurdity and he wanted to break the rules and redefine art.

-R. Mutt somes from the pluming company that he got this urnal from

-the social historical context is so important to understanding this painting.

-the world is turned upside down and makes no sense. How could he make beautiful and flowering art in the midst of the chaos around him. It is more truthful to also make absurd art.

-bc the world is turned upside down my art is turned upside down

-the original fountain was lost and he signed 3 more additions of this work.

-It's like the dada poems. They strip the very thing that makes poetry- words. This strips the very thing that makes art.

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Hans Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

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Hans Arp, Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17

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-the would go to the cafe voltare gatherings and so he incorporated the randomness into his art as well

-he didn't like how his art was going so he tore it apart and threw it on the ground. He looked at it and said that's it, that's what I'm trying to say.

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-This painting is incredibly reduced

-He wasn't just trying to be different he wanted this to convey meaning and it can be hard to see

-This type of art was born during world war 1

-This is a very utopian painting because artists and art could pave the way a more peaceful future

-This is a return to pure geometric shapes

-It asks us to look closely

-They were trying to show space w/o the traditional Renaissance methods

-This painting shows 2, 3, and 4 dimensions all at the same time

- This time is momentary bc stallion will come in and change everything

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Kazimir Malevich. Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying. 1915 (dated 1914)

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Kazimir Malevich. Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying. 1915 (dated 1914)

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-He wanted to convey a feeling with these shapes

-In the corner of our house is where you put a religious icon and he put the square there which was very political. It showed his favor for the Russian Revolution. He felt that there was a huge inequality to the rich and the poor and he felt like it could improve things.

-He wanted to make art that was not elitist and art that was for the people and that everyone could understand.

-He wanted it to be accessible and even spiritual

-The squares are full of texture and they are very painterly

-He wanted to convey the sensation and feeling of flight and motion

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“supremacy of feeling;” pro-Russian revolution; wanted to create a new vocabulary and language of art removed from the elitist past

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Giorgio de Chirico. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street. 1914  

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Giorgio de Chirico. Mystery and Melancholy of a Street. 1914  

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-there's strange angles that distort perspective

-the shadows make it feel kind of earie

-the columns could be the french artist giving an ode to his home

-maybe the street feels very empty because the start of world war 1 which happens at this time

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-This painting depicts the artists memories of his childhood town

-In this village the animals and humans lived together

-There is an eye from the peasant to the cow showing the connection that these ppl had with animals

-The tree of life is at the bottom

-he gives you a sense of Russia at the top

-He went to Mexico for refuge during world war II

-He's breaking up the pains with cubism, there's colors of Fauvism

-He missed his girlfriend that was in this village

-The line from the goat to the human shows how they are connected

-there is a disregard to gravity. Some of the houses are upside down

-the circles could show the harmony of the universe

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-He's challenging the rules about what is considered art

-It reminds us of a lot of possible objects and we are supposed to see a lot of different forms

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Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912 

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Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912 

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-shows a figure in the movement going down the stairs

-The female figure was often objectified and used for beauty but instead, this is a more mechanical study of the movement of the woman going down the stairs rather than an attempt to capture beauty.

-By doing this, he is rebelling from the traditional forms of art in more ways than just appearance

- He had mixed feelings about technology

-the critiques of france didn't like it but americans liked it bc it symbolised the modern.

-The response later became more positive but at first everyone mocked it

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Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

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Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

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-Artist's wanted to celebrate the start of the Industrial Revolution and they wanted Italy to catch up with the rest of the world. They felt like Italy was behind

-They were very extremist and radical. They wanted to burn down the old buildings to they could escape from the past that they felt everyone was clinging to

-This sculpture depicts motion in a beautiful way

-They also wanted war to come bc they felt like that would further the future

-This painting reminds us of past works as well in the way that it depicts motion

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Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

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Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912

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-This is affected with moving pictures showing the horse running

-you can see the effect of cubism in this

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sought to reject the past and bring Italy into the future; interest in new technology, speed, and movement

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-It looks kind of like children's art

-We can hear the birds chirping

-He's using watercolor, w gwash, an oils transfer and pen. More non-traditional methods

-reminds you of a coco clock

-their tongs are showing the type of sound the are making

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(pronounced clay)

-He's abstract but not non-objective

-He felt that art should be innocent and childlike. He felt like we should go back to our imagination and that art should include something magical and inspire the magic within us

-The half moon is a symbol of Islamic faith

-he's referring to something divine in nature

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Vasily Kandinsky. Sketch I for   “Composition VII.” 1913 

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Vasily Kandinsky. Sketch I for   “Composition VII.” 1913 

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-He wanted to take us out of the natural world

-This painting is about the splitting of the Atom

-Before we could split an atom everyone knew that Atoms were the smallest thing. Now that is not true and that makes any truth feel a little less certain for a bit. This relates to how everyone thought art had to be done one way and he is going to break away from that

-Abstract isn't the best way to describe this. Abstraction is changing something that is there

-Some better words are non-objective, non-narrative, non-representational

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Vasily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second version), 1912

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Vasily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second version), 1912

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What connections did Kandinsky make between art and music?

Like music painting can signify and symbolize deeper meaning, he also talked about Synesthesia which is the idea that you can hear color and see music. He wants us to look at his paintings and actually hear something.

What is new about his use of line and color?

This is color for colors sake and line for lines sake. He is using it to create that feeling of music.

What was Kandinsky trying to express in Improvisation 28?

This painting would sound loud, chaotic ,and exciting. This would be the dramatic and loud moment of the song. Soon after this painting was made we had the 1st world war and there was growing worry about that violence. This painting is not completely abstract. It is abstracted from nature. This is called an abstract painting. He was worried that if you could recognize things to quickly you would only process it with your rational mind and you wouldn’t emotionally process it.

There is a mountain with buildings on the top that hint at Jerusalem. People have thought that these paintings are about the apocalypse. There is a wave that it like the flood from the Old Testament.

-He is one of the first to cross over to abstract art but he is not the first. Klimt is more likely to be the first

-The improvisation is the name of a composition

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German Expressionism: Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

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German Expressionism: Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

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-This group is from west germany

looking for spirituality and “universal truths;”

Abstract art vs. non-objective art, non-narrative art, non-representational art

-They had an annual year book and they put their art in there as well as the art that inspired them. They put indian work, folk art, children art, stained glass, etc.

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913

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-The artist felt anxiety about the city and about modern life

-You can see that in the way that this painting feels very claustrophobic

-This is a prostitution scene

-Talk about how everything is for sale

-His subject isn't a city it is a person's physiological experience in the city

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Dresden. 1908 

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Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street, Dresden. 1908 

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-It's dated 1907 on the painting

-There was a very strong sense of nationalism in Germany at the time

-Artist appears to be inspired by Van Gogh

-also feel similar to the scream

-Talks about Urban alienation. Big crowd but everyone is isolated in their own world.

-The artist is not trying to paint things in a beautiful way

-He is an expressionist artist

-He took apart ideas of morality

-These women are prostitutes in the male gaze

-the only way that you can tell it's a city is by the amount of ppl. They create an illusion of space

-there aren't any actual buildings

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Pablo Picasso. Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass. 1912 (Synthetic Cubism)

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Pablo Picasso. Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass. 1912 (Synthetic Cubism)

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-These are the first examples of collage

-He used the type of paper that had a sticky back and he would put them together.

-He hand-painted the wood texture to make it look like the sticky paper that you could but instead of just buying it.

-It's like he's playing a game with us

-The note's don't make sense if people can't read music. That's the same with French. He's saying that they are just abstract symbols just like art.

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Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911 (Analytical Cubism)

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Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911 (Analytical Cubism)

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- Picasso was working with this artist and they had very similar styles for a while

-Analytical is about breaking individual pieces and then bringing them back together

-They want us to focus on the actual form of the piece rather then just looking at it

-They tried not to use to much color because they didn't want to distract them

-For these artists abstract art was not about being expressive. They wanted to be analytical

-this is kind of like a puzzle that has been put together out of order

-it depicts form over time, shows movement

-there is some illusion of space still

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Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon). 1907 (Pre-Cubism)

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Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon). 1907 (Pre-Cubism)

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- He was a child prodigy and he could draw very well. He was incredibly skilled and then he CHOOSE to paint simply

-He tries to paint like a child

-This painting shocked everyone. It breaks a lot of rules

-It appears very confrontational

-You can't tell where they are in the space and in the room

-These figures aren't drawn in a beautiful feminine way

-There isn't a linear perspective

-He was inspired by African, Siberian, and oceanic art

-He also was inspired by Cezanne

-The nude woman is usually shown as beautiful but this is shown as powerful and maybe even scary

-he is a Spanish artist

-the nude style references classical paintings but the way that he does it completely rebels against that

-shows references to African art in the women's faces

-They had to go outside Western tradition to express how they felt about the modern world

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-The back line is missing and so it feels a lot more flat.

-The artist is trying to flatten the space

-He wanted to paint the joys of life

-The most important part of his paintings was the back which is very interesting

-He used his disabilities and still made very cool things. He was in a wheelchair

-it functions as a self-portrait. These are his works of art

-there is no naturalistic light

-the objects you can see is the underpainting.

-he painted red up to the objects

-Pictorial space- the space represented in the image

-there are orthogonal lines (imaginary lines that lead to a vanishing point) so there is an illusion of space

-there are curving lines which adds a little bit of calming

-this talk about what it means to create a painting

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Henri Matisse. Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat). 1905

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Henri Matisse. Femme au chapeau (Woman with a Hat). 1905

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-He was using color to show the plane breaks and changes

-He is changing the traditional jobs that color usually has. He is using color in a new expressionist way.

-Cezzanna and Gougan inspired him

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Constantin Brancusi. Bird in Space. 1928 (unique cast)

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Constantin Brancusi. Bird in Space. 1928 (unique cast)

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-His goal is to capture the figure as simplistically as possible

-It's like the wing, it reminds us of a fast take off, or a feather, or aerodynamic

-The artist is being inspired by art from ancient times. He was looking at Cycladic art, African art, folk art, children's art, etc.

-This art was new and expressive to them

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-Having the idea is important

rapid change
individualism
exploration
new inventions
challenging assumptions of the past

Breaking rules

Looking for new inspiration: African Art, Cycladic Art, Folk Art, children’s art, stained glass

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-He's been in Paris and you can see that in his color and brush strokes

-Japanese prints also inspire him

-This is very introspective

-He was looking at nature when he painted it

-This painting was done when he was trying to capture this moment of intense anxiety when he was outside looking at the red sky

-The sky was red because of a volcano

-The scream is capturing a mental scream

-He used pastel and oil

-He created a lot of different versions like black and white etc.

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Paul Gauguin. Where Do We Come From: What Are We? Where Are We Going? 1897

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Paul Gauguin. Where Do We Come From: What Are We? Where Are We Going? 1897

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-He was wondering abt where we came from and where we are going after we die

-He went to Tahiti for 6 years. He wanted to find an uncivilized place but it was already pretty civilized when he got there

-This is a large painting

-He was constantly looking for new inspiration in art

-He was looking at oceanic art and art from the pacific islands.

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Alphonse Mucha, Dreaming (Reverie), lithograph, 1897

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Alphonse Mucha, Dreaming (Reverie), lithograph, 1897

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-This is an advertising work of art

-It's advertising a publishing company

-you can see the influence of Japanese prints

-you can also see the influence of medieval art as well

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Victor Horta. Interior stairwell of the Tassel House, Brussels. 1892–93

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Victor Horta. Interior stairwell of the Tassel House, Brussels. 1892–93

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-The columns look organic. The columns look like a plant

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Auguste Rodin. The Burghers of Calais. 1884-89

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Auguste Rodin. The Burghers of Calais. 1884-89

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-Rodan loved and was inspired by Michelangelo

-ppl of the time saw a relationship between his way of sculpting with the style of loose brush strokes

-based on the story from the city of caley with is in France

-The city council wanted to make a sculpture in honor of a story that had happened in their city

-England had a sedge on the city and they said they would let them go if they gave up their 6 leaders and these are the 6 leaders.

-The leaders were called Burghers

-They wanted one heroic figure and he didn't do that. He gave them 6 figures and he didn't make them look particularly heroic.

-in the end their lives were saved and they didn't have to die

-This scene is from when they didn't know that

-This sculpture is loved bc of the emotion that it shows

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Henry Ossawa Tanner. Angels Appearing before the Shepherds. ca. 1910 

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Henry Ossawa Tanner. Angels Appearing before the Shepherds. ca. 1910 

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-He is an American artist

-It's almost like it gives you a feeling like you are an angel as well.

-The city in the background is bethlehem

-He has seen impressionism but he is capturing a spiritual visionary scene

-In America he was known as the an African American artist and in Paris he was known as the american artist

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-Klimt was like Gauguin. He was interested in a lot of different art styles

-Klimt was Austrian

-He was also inspired by Japanese wood prints

-Critiques talk about how this woman brings your downfall

-Students see this as the complete union of marriage

-The vines growing around them show that it's not this fleeting moment

-She has curves and flowers, He has geometric shapes

-It shows how passion can be dangerous as well

-the painting is almost a perfect square

-he is using gold similar to renaissance art.

-His neck is very big and strong showing the strength of the man

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Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897

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Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897

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-He was self taught

-He did a type of reverse shading

-He outlined things with light

-He was admired for his naive or childlike approach to painting

-The way he painted created this dream like quality

-it feels very flat as well

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Odilon Redon. The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity, 1878

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Odilon Redon. The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity, 1878

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-The artist is French

-He wanted to create the same type of mood that Edward Allen Poe created with his writing.

-this is a litho graph

-It feels very psychological

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Paul Gauguin. The Vision after the Sermon, 1888

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Paul Gauguin. The Vision after the Sermon, 1888

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-he collected impressionist art and then he started to create his own

-He was in 4 of the impressionist shows

-He wanted to get out of Paris like Van Gogh. He wanted to find a simpler way of life

-He went to the French coast of Brittany and he painted peasants.

-This is supposed to be more simple then naturalistic.

-The peasants are leaving church and this is a vision that they have from the sermon. This is Jacob wrestling with the angel.

-inspired by Japanese prints

-he was looking at a lot of non-traditional art like medieval art

-He wanted to do more than just paint from nature

-This isn't purely a religious painting, it is a painting depicting people having a spiritual experience

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-He painted this while he was in his mental institution

-This wasn't a scene that he was looking at. It resembles a scene from his childhood home

-Cyprus trees symbolized hope. They pointed to the heavens

-The bottom of the tree is cut off which gives us the feeling that it's close to us

-There is some exposed canvas in some places

-The sky feels like it's in movement

-He was dreaming of unity and harmony

-there's a feeling that this town is in perfect harmony with nature

-There were times in his life when he was very religious and very spiritual

-he painted very thickly

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-He was a self-taught artist and he had a very dark style until he saw how the artists in Paris were painting. After that, his colors were much more vibrant

-He tried many careers before he was an artist. He had many failures until he started painting

-He got to see the very last show of Impressionism

-He went to the south of France because it was more peaceful and away from Paris

-Van Gough was very moody and hard to live w. Only one artist stayed with him and when that artist left Van Gough cut off his ear

-He wanted us to feel the tension and the uncomfort of this bar

-No one is having a good time and it gives a feeling of loneliness

-he painted gas lights as well

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. La Goulue. 1891

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. La Goulue. 1891

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-One of the first times that advertising and art cross over w each other

-You can feel a sense of rhythm in the way that ppl are grouped

-The yellow shapes are gas lights

-The repeated names give a sense of the rhythm and the consistent beat.

-He isn't trying to depict this in an idealistic way

-The woman dancing created the can can

-She would drink out of other ppls drinks and her name is Lousie. Her nickname is glutten

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892

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-The Moulin Rouge was a very popular nightclub. It was a more seedy place

-This guy was very short bc he was crippled

-He liked Paris's social life. He died at a young age of alcoholism

-He spent time in more seedy bars

-He is hidden in the background of this painting

-This still has some impressionism qualities: social scene, colors of light, flat, cropped in.

-He's trying to capture gas light and he exaggerates it. That's why the woman's face is green. The gas lights would reflect green

-the woman was a famous dancer

-the woman sitting with red hair is also a famous dancer

- The artist is following degas style of art

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Georges Seurat. A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. 1884–86

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Georges Seurat. A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. 1884–86

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-He wanted to bring science into his painting

-His science was about how to mike a painting appear more luminous and bright. Our eyes see a combination of light. He took red and blue and put them next to each other rather then mixing colors.

-He is trying to capture natural light just like the impressionists

-He wanted his paintings to feel more thoughtful

-He also tried to create an illusion of space

-The way the figures are very vertical and stiff makes it seem very classical

-He died very young at age 31

-He submitted in the final 8th impressionist show

-No one knew who he was but after this show, everyone did bc it was very popular

-His specific style is called Neo-Impressionism, Pointillism, and Divisionism.

-They had a similar interest in the color of light and shadow, plain air painting, they still love the subject of leisure time

-The biggest difference is the loose brush strokes and the fleeting moments in time.

-There's a mixing of the classes

-the woman w her big dress is an upper-class prostitute

-These paintings don't have a clear story which was a new idea

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry. ca. 1900 

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibemus Quarry. ca. 1900 

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-This one looks like it's on one plain even more

-He wanted to see and call attention to the fact that he was painting on a flat surface

-Now that we have photography he is exploring the other things that we can do besides just capture what we see

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire. ca. 1885–87 

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Paul Cézanne. Mont Sainte-Victoire. ca. 1885–87 

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-This was his favorite mountain and he painted it a lot

-He was also very interested in light

-Unlike the impressionists he would work on a painting for many years

-It doesn't have very much depth

-It's very inspired by Japanese woodblock prints in a lot of ways.

-There are patchy brush strokes

-The goal isn't to convince you that you are there he wants you to see that this is a painting

-this painting was made in the last few years of his life

-He isn't as worried about creating an accurate illusion of space

-Cezanne is the beginning of cubism

-He treated every part of the landscape in the same way

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Paul Cézanne. Still Life with Apples in a Bowl. 1879–83

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Paul Cézanne. Still Life with Apples in a Bowl. 1879–83

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-He's French and wears a barre

-He showed art with the impressionists but he was doing something different than the Impressionists

-Paul said that he wanted to make impressionism solid and enduring. He wanted it to be more like the art in museums

- He is sometimes known as the father of modern art

-rather than being realistic he is making his own style

-Spatial ambiguity is a quality of a lot of his paintings.

- There's overlap and some shading but the perspective is not accurate

-He knew how to paint correctly and he decided to paint this way. He liked changing where he stood while he was painting and that's why it is a weird perspective

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John Singer Sargent, Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, 1885-86

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John Singer Sargent, Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, 1885-86

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-The is just barely setting

-There is a lot of repetition of form and light in this canvas

-The parts that you would expect to be illuminated are not

-The canvas is very flat showing the influence of Japanese prints

-The nature is the most important subject of the painting

-The children are not the most important part of the painting

-Usually the faces are the focal point but that is not the case in this painting. The lights are actually brighter than the children

-This is art for arts sake

-This painting is about painting

-This is a very fleeting scene

-The children's thoughtfulness draws us in and causes us to ponder with them

-He made this after everyone was freaking out about his last painting

-He only painted at this specific time of day. So he only painted for 15 min while the light was just right.

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-Controversial debut in1 884 Madame X by John Singer Sargent caused a scandal at the Paris Salon due to its provocative portrayal of Virginie Gautreau, particularly the originally slipped dress strap, which Sargent later repainted.

-The painting mixed Gilded Age status symbolism with seductive aesthetics, while incorporating classical elements like a Greek-inspired hairstyle and a crescent symbol of Diana.

-Despite initial criticism, the painting ultimately showcased Sargent’s skill, leading to a successful portrait career in Britain and America.

-Though widely traveled, Sargent considered himself an American artist, painting expatriates and working on major U.S. commissions, including a Boston Public Library mural.

-Once condemned, Madame X was later celebrated as a masterpiece, purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1916, highlighting how societal tastes shape an artwork’s legacy.

-Everyone knew who this woman was and she was known to be scandalous

-This woman looks almost like a sculpture

-he was known for making his sitters look good

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James Abbot McNeill Whistler. Nocturne in Black and Gold: ca. 1875

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James Abbot McNeill Whistler. Nocturne in Black and Gold: ca. 1875

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This is depicting fireworks along the River Thames is the Cremone Gardens in London

-bc it’s night you can really see anything besides the beautiful fireworks

Nocturne- a term that comes from musical compositions that evoke nighttime and are inspired by the evening

-Night was very interesting bc it showed the new power of light bulbs and fireworks

-The fact that this painting is very loose and messy made some ppl mad

-He even went to court w a critic bc he said that Whistler was flinging art a ppl’s faces and making them pay him.

-This painting didn’t take very much time, but it was philosophically important

-It is similar to Japanise style paintings. They also depicted fireworks

-This painting is an example of art for art’s sake. It doesn’t have any strong subject matter or narrative

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William Morris (Morris & Co.). Green Dining Room (William Morris Room). 1867

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William Morris (Morris & Co.). Green Dining Room (William Morris Room). 1867

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-He made this room to show the quality of hand-made things for homes

-He had a company that made all of these handmade objects

-his designs are still very popular today

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John Everett Millais. Christ in the Carpenter’s Shop. 1849–50

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John Everett Millais. Christ in the Carpenter’s Shop. 1849–50

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-This is Christ in the house of his parents

-The Pre-Raphaelites wanted to strip away the traditions of painting that had accumulated since the Renaissance period and Raphael.

-Christ is a child and he wounded himself and Mary is comforting him. This is foreshadowing the cross

-This is not showing an idealized scene

-ppl felt like they were not showing Christ respectfully enough. It made ppl mad at the time it was painted

-ppl thought that is was very ugly and hard

-The carpenter's triangle is the trinity

-The ladder is often seen at scenes at the cross

-There is a dove which symbolizes the Holy Ghost

-This is a more modern carpenter's shop

-They are trying to throw away the ideals of painting

-The shop is messy, realistic and the figures aren't idealized either

-You can see the dirty feet that people hated

-Charles Dickens did not like this piece and he talked about how hideous it was

-It looks like an Early Renaissance composition

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William Holman Hunt. The Awakening Conscience. 1853 

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William Holman Hunt. The Awakening Conscience. 1853 

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-In Victorian culture the newness was not always trusted

-This painting is showing a newness that was supposed to show a falseness

-All of these nice new things were bought for this woman by this man to create a space that he could escape to

-She is being taken advantage of by a higher class man this was a classic narrative of a country woman going into the city and losing her innocence

-The man is playing the piano and he unknowingly plays her a song that reminds her of her childhood and of her value and innocence. This shows the moment of her awakening conscience

-This is an artificial place and it is not real

-The nature that she is looking at, which symbolizes the spiritual

-The artist was very religious, and he was interested in these moments of conversion

-The woman is sitting up away from the man, and he symbolizes the darkness and the reason for her moral fall or transgression

-This shows how God can come to us at unexpected moments

-The person who causes her fall is also the one who triggers her repentance

-He understood that the elements in the room have another meaning

-She's wearing her underslip so she is partially unclothed

-She's going towards the light in the corner

-The detail is very different from impressionists

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·       Art Nouveau (1890-1900): Mostly architecture and decorative arts; characterized by abstract organic forms; influenced by William Morris’s Arts and Crafts Movement

-It was inspired by nature but nature that had been abstracted into curved organic lines